Wooden hutachiwana shongwe: photo, kukura, uremu. Installation uye yokugadzirisa emapuranga matanda

Mamiriro nokupfuuridzirwa mutsetse ane chinokosha zvazvinoita mhando aishandisa zvitsigiso. Mumakore 100 emapuranga mbambo vakasara imwe huru Zvivako panhongonya hutachiwana mitsetse (Kuchibhotla).

Chete ari 60s remakore rapfuura kwakatanga chokuita unodzivirira impregnation. Zvadaro kutaridzwa kushandiswa antiseptics vakapiwa, asi vari havaratidzi chinozoiswa, zvichitungamirira kuorera mazviri piers. Kwakapararira yezwi yanyatsosimba mbiru kongiri havana zvinetso zvose, nokuti vakaona zvikanganiso, hwokuzvarwa nahwo zvigadzirwa zvakaitwa namatanda;

• brittleness pamusoro rova;
• duku flexural simba;
• wandei uremu;
• leakage dzenzvimbo.

zvakwakanakira

Wooden mbambo Haringatongogarwi kunyorwa kure nokuda zvinotevera zvakanakira:

1. Low mutengo.
2. Light uremu.
3. Kana shongwe yematanda inowira, uremu chiri ka3 asingasviki kongiri kuti yakaturikwa tambo pasina migumisiro "Dominoes", hunhu anorema mbiru.
4. Essential munzvimbo dzine yakawedzera zvizivikanwe nemichina basa.
5. More husingakwanisi mhepo mitoro.
6. Mukuru dielectric maitiro.
7. Long upenyu basa kuruoko kugadzira (makore anosvika 40).
8. Havazivi zvinoda chaiyo yokuzvigadzirisa.

kutadza

Pamwe zvakanakira mutsigiri emapuranga ine zvainovhiringidzawo.

1. Impregnating nziyo ingasanganisira zvinokuvadza zviri nokushanda nzvimbo (mafuta emotokari, neparafini, creosote, etc.). Kunyanya hunokuvadza preservatives, mafuta anotsanangura. Mukuwedzera, vane mikana moto.
2. Matanda inofanira kugadzirwa pamwe zvaida dhayamita uye taper.
3. Quality zvigadzirwa yaunganidzwa yechando nokuveza uye kupwa pasi butiro 6 mwedzi. Zvakakodzera kubata matanda akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona, saka havaiti kuora.

zvinhu

Prop LEP danda anobudiswa kubva coniferous miti, sezvamakaropafadzwa nebwe riri dzinongoitika zvisaora uye akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona. The guru kudiwa wokuchamhembe vanoondoroka, kuva mukuru simba uye elasticity. Matambudziko vane mbiru kongiri nokuda fragility kwavo, haangatongooni kuumba rutsigiro yemapuranga (mufananidzo pazasi - the vachizvitakudza ose apera zvigadzirwa).

Kushandisa impregnation kana creosote mafuta shale, uyewo wemisanganiswa ane mhangura, chromium uye Arsenic. Uyezve, pamwe nokutsigirwa zvisaora kupatsanurwa pachishandiswa moto (moto retardants). Izvi zvinoita kunoviga mbiru yakananga muvhu, pasina chesamende danho-vana, izvo anowedzera lifespan yavo.

Zvikuru kwazvo absorbent zvigadzirwa vane mupaini. Kana mabheyaringi anoshandiswa spruce uye larch, soka navo zvikuru kupfuura.

Impregnation anobvumira Matanda kundoviga pacharo muvhu. pano chete vanofanira kudzivirira kumigumo unodzivirira nguwani kana namatidza anowedzera. Zvakakosha pamberi impregnation kusvika 3 months kuti aiyanika yemapuranga rutsigiro. Kugadzirira kuti vokurera vaiva zvakasimbisa kongiri kunotungamirira kuti kukamurwa huni pasi mabhandeji kubva waya neshamhu.

Kunokosha! Nokuti zvaAtemisi mbiru anoshandiswa akaderera chikamu muti (garo) sezvamakaropafadzwa mapazi zvishoma uye homogeneous marongerwo.

Kukura uye simba

anotsigira kureba 3,5-13 M zvichienderana diameters kumusoro (d) uye pasi (D), ndivo zvikamu .:

• chiedza: D = 140 mm; D = 160-220 mm;
• svikiro: D = 160 mm; D = 180-235 mm;
• simba: D = 195-210 mm; D = 210-260 mm.

Nechiidzo inokosha isimba pazasi rack. Nokuti nerogi dhayamita 190 mm kunonyanyisa vachikotama nguva iri 55 kNm, apo nokuti 240 mm - 95 kNm.

Nzira dzekuziva nadzo pakusarudza emapuranga matanda

1. Somunhu zvinhu kushandiswa kuchamhembe nemipaini muchando kuchekwa.
2. In yokumusoro chikamu mbiru ukobvu haasi asingasviki 16 cm.
3. Sezvo impregnation mhinduro kushandiswa aqueous CCA.
4. Reliance rose kana yepazasi chikamu chirimwa iri akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya panguva kumanikidzwa 12-14 atmospheres.
5. Kwesayenzi makomba akaita pamberi impregnation.
6. impregnation udzamu ndiyo 85% rokunze rukoko vehuni - sapwood (40 mm).
7. The impregnation kwacho kwapera, kana pazvitsigiso vari vachena uswa ruvara. Kana shava kana shava, zvinoreva kuti kuita haisi zvachose pamusoro. Muganhu kunofanira kuoneka pamusoro vakatongoparadzwa cherogi.
8. Tinotsigira achitengeswa makirasi C ₁ uye C _3, ane wakakwana akagadzirwa miganhu.

Features impregnating zvitsigiso

Ivhu mbiru iiswe pasina vokurera. Kumigumo vari akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya vanopfuura divi pemvura. Panguva kushanda navo kushambidzwa kusvika 90% of runodzivirira mamiriro. Kuti izvi zvisaitika, kumusoro magumo rinosanganisira reimba yakagadzirwa kwakakurudzira kukura 250x250 mm uye nechepasi riri namahwindo sandara zvinhu impermeable unyoro.

GOST 20022.0-93 huni akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya rutsigiro pasi rwokudzivirira mumiririri XM-11 nepanyika yakaoma munyu munguva mari 13-15 makirogiramu / m ^3. Nokutenga namatanda mbiru, unofanira kutsvaka zvinhu zvavakanga vakaita, nekuti vamwe nokurondedzerwa nhamba iyi kurerutswa ne 2 nguva. Havasi vagadziri zvose zvakakodzera akaramba chigadzirwa mukugadzira michina. Izvi zvinoda yepamusoro kudzora sangano, asi nyanzvi inogona kuziva izvozvo nemaziso.

inotsigira kugadzirwa michina

The kwacho kunosanganisira matanho makuru mana.

1. Debarking

On a kushandiswa mumuchina kubviswa kuhukura phloem. Chete pashure kuti hunde anotanga dziome. Zabolonevaya huni zvinofanira sei panguva imwe zvishoma, nokuti zvakanaka akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona. Kana yose pamusoro paiva skived, mukurumari rutsigiro kwakaderedza zvikuru nokuti kuti zvichava tichikurumidza kuorera mazviri. Zvadaro remuti rutsigiro, kukura iyo dzinoenderana zvinodiwa, arongwe ne kwaaienda. Vamwe vagadziri kubereka kupwa pasina nokubviswa bast, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kudzivisa cracking walnut pehuni. Zvadaro bast abvisa sezvaringaita kuvhiringidza chirongwa impregnation.

2. Kuomesa

Dehumidification - mirefu uye simba-ndichibvunza mutoo, izvo kunoenderana kunaka impregnation. Nedosushennuyu zvisingaiti impregnate huni. Humidity chinofanira kuitwa kuti munhu azvipire 28%. Kupwa anodhindwa sezvingatarisirwa mu ukapisa murwi (2-5 mwedzi.) Kana inopisa mhepo iri kuomesa pamakamuri iri rinoparadzirwa pachishandiswa mafeni (7-10 mazuva).

3. impregnation ari autoclave

Mumamiriro Vacuum kamuri, kudhonza zvakawandisa unyoro. Zvadaro danda aqueous akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona akavhara, dzakatsigira kumanikidza mukamuri vanomutsirwa 14 ATM. Pashure inotoda vakapedzwa, uye zvakare pane Vacuum. Best impregnating sezvamunoita - ndiyo akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona CCA Finnish kugadzirwa. Domestic dzomuzana yaigadzirwa maindasitiri matongo uye ane netsvina kuti kuderedza machine kudzika uye kufambisa kugeza kunze murwiyo kubva huni.

4. Isa

The impregnating sezvamunoita unotora zvinokuvadza. Matanda kuti makore kwenguva yakati. Kana izvi zvaitika paumbwe insoluble akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona yeimwe mudondo mamiriro. Temperature zvinofanira kuva zvakanaka. Kuwedzera kwacho, kutsigira ikarapwa pamwe chaipisa chiutsi ari autoclave. Canadian vagadziri aibata matanda chaiwo zvivako, nokudaro kuwedzera mukurumari mishonga.

HVL rutsigiro

Kugadzwa emapuranga matanda anobudiswa pamusoro Kuchibhotla 3rd kirasi, uko aizviti uchishandisa voltage 1 KV zvichidzika. Rakajairika zvenguva zvitsigiso kuti kushumira kuramba tambo. Mukuwedzera, vakaona mhepo mitoro, uyewo Fittings uye vayo uremu. Vakazvimirira, havagoni kukunda mauto vanowanika achitevedza mutsetse, kana paine kumbozorora. mutoro uyu anoendeswa nzvimbo chinotsigisa inotsigira mamwe struts achitevedza panhongonya mutsetse akabatana. Zvikurukuru, ivo vanoshumira kusika makakatanwa waya mugove. Kunzwisisa lateral mitoro vakashandisa chinobata inotsigira pamwe nzvimbo kufamba ndakaisa simbi mumakumbo kana "tsoka" mune perpendicular negwara.

Pane chisina kutsetseka zvitsigiso kune longitudinal uye transverse zvinorema. Vanongoda kuti tenderera pemitsara.

Installation chakagadzirwa emapuranga namatanda chaiyoiyo kupenda nzvimbo, uye ungano - ane zvakasimba zvakakodzera zvikamu.

Pakakoromoka apo notching yakaitwa, havafaniri kuva anopfuura 4 mm. pairing nzvimbo zvakasimba yakanyatsoiswa. Makomba vari akachera.

Maintenance uye yokugadzirisa emapuranga matanda

Wooden yemagetsi Matanda iri pasi nguva nenguva rokuongorora uye kugadziriswa. Muchirimo, pane imwe kudzika 30-50 cm tarisa kudzama kuorera mazviri huni. Kana nerogi dhayamita 25 cm uye kuora hwunopfuura 3 masendimita, riri kuonekwa unusable uye anofanira kutsiviwa.

Overhaul mitsara, apo vakawanda akagadzawo emapuranga zvitsigiso, haasi asingasviki 6 years. Vamwe pakugadzira kunze mukati okuti zvichienderana zvinhu zvinowanikwa.

Flammability yemapuranga mapango kunoda basa-nyanyisa akavhiyiwa kuti kuderedza nayo. In pamberi emapuranga inonyaradza kumativi anoona mugoronga kudzika 0,4 M uye akabvisa hwakasvibirira pamakwenzi.

Details siyana nemapango panguva itsva uchishandisa mutsetse. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti mutoro pamusoro zvikamu akagadzira anogona pfuura inofungidzirwa.

Kana matanda vatsauka kutwasuka kuti ndonda kukosha, mamwe mutoro kunogona kukonzera kuchinja panzvimbo uye arohwa waya kana nokubata kuti zvizere. The displacements kuitika nokuda attenuation kana kugumiswa nheyo nechigadziko rutsigiro, pasi misha, attenuation yeimwe.

Kubereka muchibereka simbi netambo wakaiswa kuti rack. Base kuchera kuti kudzika 1.5 M uye yokutyaira mashandiro ruramisa rutsigiro. Zvadaro gomba kukotsira uye rammed.

Kana rack ndiyo nokushapira nokuda kusunungura ari muhudyu pamwe bhandeji, izvozvo ruramisa pasina displacing Kuziva.

On zvakaora pani vakatasva bhandiji. ora uyu pamberi kubviswa nechifukidziro romukova akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona namatidza.

Dzaparadzwa zvikamu kusimbisa pfupi ndiro yakagadzirwa nemapuranga kana simbi, kushandisa poluhomuty, nekiyi dzaro kwaanozvisunga waya.

Details risati kubviswa kuti njanji vari zvakaongororwa zvaidiwa patani parameters.

Kuwedzera upenyu Racks, dzinofanira anowedzera akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya panguva kushanda achishandisa diffusion. Pachivande uye aboveground chikamu rutsigiro uye yeimwe nzvimbo kuisa akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona mabhandeji. The mutswe pamusoro Racks pamwe prefixes rikashandiswa akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona namatidza.

Nokuti kuti vakawanda remuti rutsigiro diki, rokugadziridza haawanzopiwi chinodiwa rinorema michina.

Regai igadziriswe wakasununguka rutsigiro pamusoro makaremerwa zvose uye kutsiviwa imwe itsva uchibatsirwa chinokosha michina.

mhedziso

Wooden namatanda impregnation nani pane kongiri, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko kunyange nani, nemhaka mukanyiwa chokuita. Saka zviri kushingaira kushandiswa tsika, unofanira kuva bhizimisi mureza. Iyi yaizobudisa dzakafanana zvinodiwa kuti vagadziri zvose, saka unhu waakanga avimbiswa.