Writer Yuri Olesha: Biography, mapikicha uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Kusiyana nevamwe vanyori zhinji, akasiya kwete zvikuru mabasa Olesha Yuriy Karlovich. Biography ake kunyange ndakasuruvara, asi izere huru. Kufanana nevanyori vazhinji echimurenga nguva, Olesha asvika RESE mukurumbira, kuva kanosvota ndeuke guru duku nyika. Sei, zvino, panguva yepamusoro payo kuti mukurumbira rave kushanda kurega kuita uye akava wenhamo chidhakwa-mupemhi?

vabereki munyori neramangwana Noble

Yuri Olesha (munyori, izvo zvakakanganisika zhinji tenda mwana) akaberekerwa mumhuri vazukuru varombo Polish kwamachinda. Kazhinji nhoroondo dzeupenyu munyori akanyora kuti baba vake aiva wedzinza nemhuri vanokudzwa kubva Belarus. Ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Zvechokwadi, Olesha - zita akakurumbira Belarusian kwamachinda yacho XVI remakore. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva vakagamuchira chiKaturike uye takatamira Poland. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, pakutanga XX remakore. mhuri Yuri Karlovich Olesha aiva zana muzana Polish.

Kunyange zvazvo amai yemberi munyori (Olympia Vladislavovna) uye baba vake (Carl Antonovich) - vaiva vanhu huru nokuda matambudziko emari mhuri aifanira kurarama nokuzvininipisa. Karl Olesha akambova ive excise mukuru.

Pashure pokuchinja, iyo Olympia uye Karl Olesha vakatama kubva Russian Empire kuPoland, kwaaigara kusvikira parufu rwake. Munyori pachake akaramba kusiya nyika yake, asi ruzivo chaizvo kuparadzana nemhuri dzavo. Ndiani anoziva, zvichida mumakore ake akwegura kunyange akazvidemba kuti akanga aramba kuenda pamwe Yuri Olesha vabereki. Biography ipapo iye aigona kuwedzera kumusoro chaizvo zvakasiyana. Kunyange zvazvo, zvichida, tarenda rake chinogona kuitika chete yokumusha.

Yuriy Karlovich Olesha: pfupi Biography muuduku

Nzvimbo yechizvarirwo nemunyori "Three Fat Men" muna Elisavetgrad (kusvikira 2016 - Kirovohrad, ikozvino - Kropyvnytskyi) muna February 1899

Mumakore 3 Makore oupenyu okutanga haisi chinhu kunoshamisa anokudzwa Yuri Olesha. Biography vana mune mabhuku kazhinji lowers elesavetgradsky nguva hwake, nomunhu kusimbiswa vabereki emunyori kuenda Odessa. Pashure pezvose, guta rino rava musha chaiwo kwaari, uyewo munhu mbereko kuti tarenda rake.

Makore mashomanana pashure kutamira Yuriy Karlovich Olesha Rishelevsky chikoro. Pano akava kufarira mutambo pakati nhabvu, uye kunyange akatora chikamu makwikwi guta kurutivi jimunasiyamu. Zvisinei, nokuda matambudziko pamwoyo womukomana nokukurumidza aifanira kurega chaunofarira chitandadzo. Asi nokukurumidza akawana mutsva - nhetembo mabasa.

Anonakidzwa nemabasa Gumilyov, kunyange makore kudzidza kuchikoro akatanga kunyora nhetembo dzavo muduku Yuri Olesha. Munyori, ane Biography inobudiswa ose mabhuku nyika - ndicho sei ndakaona rangu ramangwana pakuridza wechikoro. Zvikurukuru akafuridzirwa tariro kuti ake "Klarimondu" rakabudiswa muna "Journal of South". Zvisinei, utungamiriri jimunasiyamu vaisada chido chavo kuti mudzidzi, saka jaya wakarambidzwa kunyora nhetembo, uye panguva akasiya ake mabhuku kuita.

The echimurenga 1917 Olesha vakabudirira sekondari uye akanyoresa yomunzvimbo yunivhesiti womutemo fakaroti.

Kubatanidzwa Odessa "Team yacho vadetembi"

Asi haana kuva gweta Olesha Yuriy Karlovich. Biography ake rakachinjwa neDare Revolution muna 1917 uye kwakatevedzana kuchinja mumagakava nemamiriro nyika.

Kufanana dzakawanda mabhuku shamwari dzake - Kataev, I. Ilf uye E. Bagritsky, Olesha akasangana izvi zvose nomufaro uye tariro chidzoke rutsva nani uye zvakawanda chete nyika,. Achida kuva chikamu chacho, pashure 2 makore yokudzidza youth akawisa panze uye chakabatikana kuvakwa ake mabhuku basa. Zvichida zvakasimbisa izviwo ndechokuti muna 1919 munyori ramangwana akanga achirwara nefivha uye nepaburi retsono.

Chero raingova, asi pashure tichisiya yunivhesiti, Olesha, pamwe Ilf, Kataev nevamwe vake, akaronga mabhuku boka "The rezvizhinji vadetembi."

nzvimbo iyi yakatora makore 2. Panguva ino ayo nemapoka akashanyirwa anenge 20 inozivikanwa mabhuku nhamba (kusanganisira Vladimira Sosyuru, Faith Ibner uye Zinaida Shishova).

Pamisangano, "Collective vadetembi", vadzidzi verenga mabasa avo, uye akataura nhetembo pamusoro Mayakovsky, waiva kwavari mureza nhetembo dzazvino.

Kuwedzera manheru chaiko, Olesha uye ake mamwe masoja vaiita mabasa edzidzo. Zvikurukuru, ivo kuparadzira mabhuku pakati vashandi uye Red Army, uyewo kusika raibhurari yako.

Active uye chakaorera basa "vadetembi Team" chakaonekwa muMoscow, uye muna 1922 vazhinji vavo takakokwa kutamira guru USSR, kana kuti kushanda mamwe maguta zvinokosha munyika. Nokuti kuti huru vatungamiriri mabhuku boka akasiya Odessa - nayo akaputsa.

Yuri Karlovich vakasiya guta pagungwa kwegore pamberi chiitiko - akakokwa kunoshanda Kharkov.

Three afungisisa anoti Yuri Olesha

Panguva muduku munyori aiva nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka kusiya rokumusha kwavo. Mumwe wavo - mukadzi.

Achiri ari mumwe vatungamiriri "Team kuti Writers," Ndaiva rudo noukama Serafimoy Gustavovnoy Suok Yuri Olesha.

Biography munyori Mudiwa hunoratidza pachena kuti aiva mukadzi vane tsika dzisina kunaka. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo munharaunda imwe bohemian maitiro aiita trendy uye kunyange mberi.

Wakaumbwa chaiko pamutemo pamwe Oleshye, Seraphima (Sima) akazarura pfupi dzorudo nemumwe vatengesi. Paiva norunyerekupe kuti zvakanga zvaitwa anenge akumbirwa Olesha uye Kataeva. Zvichipomerwa varume vaitarisira kuti runako waShemu kuwana kubva akapfuma suitor kadhi rokugoverwa kana zvimwe zvinhu havatorina, riri kushayikwa panguva yenzara. Zvisinei, apo Swauk akatamira kurarama ne "Sponsors", Yuri Karlovich akatya kuti Mudiwa nokusingaperi, uye akatora musha wake.

Zvinosuruvarisa pashure nokukurumidza ake kudzoka giddy Simochka anonakidzwa nomudetembi Soviet Vladimir Narbut uye akabva Olesha, achiva mudzimai maonero ake itsva uye vakasarudzwa.

Vapererwa chakakandwa munyori akaroora hanzvadzi yake Olga, uyo akava shamwari yake vakatendeka upenyu.

Hanzvadzi Vose Swauk akava kumumvuri ari "Three Fat Men" yacho protagonist. Uye kana zviri pamutemo basa iri rakanga vakazvipira Zhene Oleshi, chairo hunhu nemaitiro akanga vakakopa kudzikama Simochka, izvo vakakwanisa kushanyira kuroorana kaviri kupfuura pashure pokurambana pamwe vaidzvinyirirwa Narbut.

Kuwedzera hanzvadzi Swauk akanga Yuri Karlovich mumwe neMuse, nokuti iro akanyora "Vatatu Fat Men". Zita runako ichi - Valentine Leontievna Gryunzayd. Kunyange apo vakasangana - iye aiva musikana anonzi Valya. Olesha ainakidzwa nyasha wake mwana wacho uye akavimbisa kuti kunyorera wake ngano, vakazochinja zvaakaita. Uyewo, dzimwe nguva vaitoseka kuti apo Gryunzayd kukura - kwete kumuroora. Asi sezvo vakuru, Valentine akava mudzimai shamwari yake - Petrov.

Munyori ari "raundi inzwi"

Atamisa muna 1921 muna Kharkov, akatanga kushanda ive munyori nhetembo uye chinosetsa anecdotes Yuri Olesha. Brief Biography naye panguva iyi inogona kurondedzerwa se: basa uye basa zvakare. Yuri Karlovich anoshanda apo kuramba dzakakurumbira. Uye kwete kufunga kukuvara mwoyo pashure zvokurambana pamwe Sima, Olesha zvizere nezvezvaiitwawo basa - uye nokuda kwechikonzero chakanaka. Pasina gore basa Kharkov hwakatamisirwa guru USSR.

Pano anova chinoshingaira ubatanidzwe mabhuku upenyu, uye akasangana vazhinji nezvifananidzo zvake.

Kwaitsigirwa mupepanhau "muridzo", munyori rinobudisa rake bhendesera, kusetsa satires, izvo kuhwina rudo vaverengi munyika. Muchiitiko chino, rinoshandisa mashoko ainziwo kuti "mbezo".

Kubudirira mune mabhuku mumunda uye kuzivikanwa nezviremera zvinoita munyori kufunga kunyora rakakura prose.

Revolutionary-kudanana ngano "Vatatu Fat Men"

Basa Yuri Karlovich Olesha guru rokutanga akanga akapikirwa Vale Gryunzayd ngano - ". The Vatatu Fat Men" Kunyange zvazvo zvakanga rakabudiswa muna 1929, munyori akanyora izvozvo ipapa - muna 1924

Munyaya iyi pamusoro anoshanda nesimba vanhu nokuora mafuta vanhu-tupukanana munyori mudzidziso echimurenga zvose zvinangwa zvavo. Bhuku rino izere achireva uye rengano, kunyange zvayo zano ndiyo nzvimbo mashiripiti.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti bhuku rino zvakanyorerwa Valentina Gryunzayd, chikuru hunhu ngano iyi (Acrobat Swauk), Yuri Karlovich ainzi kuremekedza yaichimbova anoda uye mukadzi ano.

Kunyange zvazvo papfuura makore akawanda kubva pakagadzwa "Three Fat Men" - hapana mubvunzo, ichi ndicho basa kupfuura netariro kuti zvakanyorwa Yuri Olesha. Biography, zvinosuwisa, pashure pakasikwa ngano iyi zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kugume rwaityisa. Pashure pezvose, hurumende yeSoviet akatora shoma kudzvinyirirwa vaitsoropodza. Dambudziko izvi iri chokwadi kuti vakawanda vemifananidzo vakanga vakatarisana nechisarudzo: pasi simba uye kuva nomumanikidzi kana kuzvipira uye haazopwanyiwi ne utongi muchina.

Mumakore anotevera, vazhinji shamwari neshamwari yacho munyori nenzira imwe kana mumwe vakava vanhu mutemo mutsva tsika. mwoyo wake Yuri Karlovich inorondedzerwa mamwe mabasa makuru - the yokufungidzira "Shanje".

"Shanje" Yuriya Oleshi

Muna 1927, munyika "Red Virgin Ivhu" yakatanga kubudiswa Roman Oleshi - ". Shanje" Kutaura zvazviri, basa iri rakanga risiri basa Yuri Karlovich guru rokutanga. Nokuti panguva iyoyo akanga kare zvichinzi, "Three Fat Men", asi vachagamuchirwa rakabudiswa 2 makore akazotevera.

The nganonyorwa "Shanje" Akagamuchirwa nokugamuchirwa vatsoropodzi uye vaverengi. Ungangove, ichi chaiva nokuti chokuti Olesha akarondedzera unosuruvarisa kutapwa dzinoitwa njere asina kufanira mune nzanga itsva yeSoviet.

Zvisinei, kungova mashomanana apfuura, yokufungidzira "Shanje" aiva nyaya kushoropodza nekuti hazvina dzinoenderana mugovanisi realism.

Zvichakadai, ipapo Yuri Olesha Biography ataurwa kwete chete ake, asi mazana mamwe Artists vasina aida idzva nyika, asi havana kugona kusiya. Runyerekupe aiva kuti mufananidzo Andrei Babichev akanga decommissioned pamwe Mayakovsky.

nganonyorwa iyi akakonzera kurunga, uye akapa musiki kwayo kumusoro. Uye mushure Bhuku "Three Fat Men" munyori wayo rava kuzivikanwa somunhu munyori Soviet. Zvino, chero bhuku kunounza kana chiduku Biography Yuriya Oleshi. Zvaiita, pamberi pake kumirira ramangwana nomufambi akajeka - asi izvi hazvina kuitika.

Creative mwoyo Oleshi

Somunhu rokusika munhu, Yuri Karlovich akanga achikurumidza kugumbuka uye kwete cherechedzai kuchinja nzanga mukupera 20 - mangwanani 30-ies. Aisagona. Mukuwedzera shungu mwoyo nevatambi vechimurenga, Olesha akatambura mumwe njodzi. Zvaaida kunyora, asingafariri simba. Uyezve, haasi kungoshamisira vaiona haishandi, asi zvishoma nezvishoma anowana mamiriro zvisiri pamutemo.

Munguva realism Soviet yaifanira kunyora kana chii uchafarirwa. kubva mubato, kana regai kunyora zvachose. Ndizvo chete zvakakwana kurarama, kana pasina kunyora? The zvakawanda saka nokuti munyori asingadi kubudisa kungoerekana kuverengerwa chisvetasimba. Zvino atova mhosva.

Mwoyo mumabhuku ano, Yuri Olesha akaora mwoyo uye vakatanga kunwa kakawanda. Makore mashomanana gare gare akava chirwere chidhakwa. Zvinowedzerwa ake ezvinhu nhau pamusoro kutambudzwa navo. A kuzviuraya Mayakovsky (aimbova unokurudzira munyori mumabhuku) uye havana yaparara utano Yury Karlovich.

mumakore achangodarika

Pasinei nezvinetso zvoutano, udhakwa uye kuora mwoyo munyori, akararama kwemakore 30 uye akafa muna May 1960

Chinonyanya unoshamisa budiriro Oleshi iyi vaiva diaries ake. Vakanga rakabudiswa ari vakaparadzana bhuku "No zuva pasina mutsetse" pashure yemunyori rufu.

Zvisinei, kana Blogs - akunoita mweya, ipapo upenyu "muviri" Yuri Karlovich chichiwanikwa zvokunyora mitambo uye screenplays. Vazhinji vavo - the kwadzakabva kwemabasa Chekhov vake, Dostoevsky, Kuprin uye "Vatatu Fat Men" uye "Shanje".

Panguva iyo kwaiva zvidimbu wake sezvamunoita. Zvikurukuru, "Rufu Zanda." Iri basa konekwa pamusoro njodzi Communist munyori Zandi, Olesha akaedza kutaura maonero avo pamusoro yakapoteredza mugovanisi chokwadi.

Mumazuva okupedzisira emakore hwake kushanda akakumbira Olesha Yury Karlovich. Biography vana, icho akashumira mabhuku akawanda, kashoma anoteerera chokwadi ichi. Zvisinei, iyi youpenyu nomunyori akatungamirira rakapotsa pokugara.

Chokwadi chokuti haana oga dzimba dzavo, uye munyori "Shanje" akararama kazhinji munhu neshamwari kana vatinozivana navo. Kuwedzera zvisingawanzoitiki mabhuku zvakaoma, kuti vawane mari yokutenga zvokudya kwakamubatsira banal achipemha mumugwagwa. A zvokunwa zvaibvira nokuda vanyori Soviet zvikuru wakakomborerwa vechiduku vakamuzvidza, vachiremekedza kuti tarenda guru.

Kuva muduku dandy, akwegura Yury Karlovich aifanira kupinda mamvemve.

Akafa munyori kubva banal mwoyo kurwisa.

Sezvo aimbova munyori, akavigwa kumakuva Novodevechem Moscow. In mutsara wokutanga chikamu chokutanga.

Kunyange munguva doro mwoyo wake Yuri Olesha vaitoseka kuti vanoda kuti mariro ake aiva zvikuru mwero pane anofanira kuti mabhuku makodzero. Panguva iyoyowo aizoita kuwana pakararama mari kukosha musiyano pakati mitambo miviri.

Yuri Olesha: Biography, zvinonakidza zvinhu

• The chizvarwa mutauro mwana uyu zvikuru munyori Soviet akanzwa Polish. Russian akadzidza Papera, vaigara Odessa. In ichi akabatsirwa naambuya vake, uyo akadzidzisa panguva hwomukomana svomhu.
• Yuri Karlovich aiva hanzvadzi Wanda. Iye akaberekwa makore maviri adarika kupfuura mukoma wake. The ramangwana munyori kubva pauduku akanga chaizvo kuda kwake uye zvakakomba akapukunyuka rufu kwake kubva typhus. The guru furidza yakanga kuti Wanda dzakabatwa Yuri, uyo akapora, uye zviri - kwete.
• Mubhuku Valentin Kataev "Diamond korona yangu", mukuwedzera Nemaeva, Ilf uye Bhabheri, uye akanga anoratidzwa Yuri Olesha. Biography yake, zvisinei, yave zvishoma Masked, uye munyori pachake rinooneka pasi zita yokudhirowa-metaforista kiyi. Sezvineiwo, iroro basa haasi chaizvo kugamuchira munhu anorondedzerwa uye Sima Suok. Iye akapiwa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "unondifadza."
• Olga Gustavovna Swauk, akava wokutanga uye chete mudzimai ane munyori panguva yokudanana yake yakanga vatoroorana uye aiva mwanakomana. Pashure muchato yake Olga Olesha akawana stepson ake.
• Munguva kubva 1936 kusvika 1956. Oleshi mabasa havana rakabudiswa. Mushure abolition ari ndibatsireiwo nokurambidzwa hwava papi sezvo chevana munyori Yuri Olesha. Short Biography vana pamwe chinenge ose bhuku "Vatatu Fat Men". Muchiitiko chino, zviri kashoma kutaurwa mwoyo wake uye mabasa zvikuru.
• Kunyange pfupi Biography Yuriya Karlovicha Oleshi rine mashoko kuti kubva pauduku kurota kufamba. Zvisinei, achiri muduku haana mari iyi. Kukura uye haana kunyorwa mabhuku mugovanisi realism, munyori haana kuenda kunze, uye rave zvachose kunyimwa mukana kuona nyika sezvo zvaibvira kuti shamwari yake Ilf. Munenge muna zvose nguva hwake (uye panguva yepamusoro mukurumbira, uye mumakore mwoyo) Olesha zvikuru urombo kuti nezvazvo.