MuMinsk, pane imwe nzvimbo inokosha - chiyeuchidzo che "Yama". Sekuuya kuno kwekutanga, mumwe anogona kuona hukuru uye kusuruvara kwezviumbwa zvakavezwa. Asi panguva imwe chete, kusaziva nhoroondo yeBelarus, zvakaoma kufungidzira kukosha kwechinhu ichi pamepu yenyika. Iyi chivigiro chakapiwa kune vasina mhosva vakaurayiwa neHolocaust. Ndekupi chiyeuchidzo, uye chii chine nhoroondo yechokwadi?
March 2, 1942 munhau yeBelarus
Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, Minsk yakanga inotorwa nemauto emuvengi kubva muna 1941 kusvika muna 1944. Pazuva rechitatu rebasa racho, vaJudha vose vanogara muguta vakarayirwa kupa mari yose yakawanikwa nezvinhu zvinokosha. Zuva rekugadzwa kwenheyo yeGhetto yechiJuda muMinsk ndeye 19.07.1941. Chinangwa chikuru chekusika kwayo chakanga chiri pakutanga kuparadzwa kwakarongeka kwevamiriri vese vakaonekwa vorudzi urwu. Pakupera kwezhizha, vasungwa vanosvika 100 000 vevaJudha vanogara munzvimbo yeghetto muMinsk. March 2, 1942 - zuva, nokusingaperi rakapinda munhoroondo yeBelarus. Panguva iyoyo, vasungwa vanosvika 5 000 vakaurayiwa munharaunda yeGhetto yechiJudha. Mitumbi yevakawanda vanongopinda mumvura yakadzika. Yaiva munzvimbo yake yakasikwa Minsk memorial "Pit".
Kugadzira Obelisk
Utsinye hwakasimbiswa muMinsk ghetto hauna kukanganwika mushure mekusunungurwa kweguta kubva kune vavengi. Muna 1947, bhaeliski yakagadzirwa panzvimbo yekuvigwa yevasungwa vakadururwa. Icho chinyorwa chirimo chinoti: "Chiyeuchidzo chakajeka nekusingaperi kusvika kumazana zviuru makumi mashanu zvevaJudha vakaurayiwa mumaoko evane vavengi vanotyisa-vanhu vaNazi neGermany vakavhiringidza musi waMarch 2, 1942". Chii chinoshamisa, zvinyorwa zvakadhindwa pamabeliski yegranite kwete muRussia chete, asi zvakare muchiYiddish. Iri ndiro chivako chekutanga muUSSR kune avo vakaurayiwa neHolocaust, iyo yakabvumirwa nemutemo kushandisa Yiddish. Munyori wemitsara ndiye munyori wenhema H. Maltinsky. Chinokosha, pasinei nemvumo yakagamuchirwa yekugadzirwa kwechirangaridzo, akazoendeswa kune imwe kambani yeGulag. Ndakatambura nekuda kwezvisikwa zvangu uye rocket yakashanda pabelisk - Morduh Sprishen. Asi, pasinei nezvose izvi, chiyeuchidzo che "Pit" chiripo nhasi. Bhieliski yekuyeuka ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru zvakagadzirirwa.
Kugadziriswa kwegomba. Mufananidzo weboka "Nzira Yokupedzisira"
Muna 2000, chirangaridzo chakatsaurirwa kune vakaurayiwa neHolocaust muMinsk yakavakwazve. Kubva pane zvinoenderana nemitemo, basa rese rakaitwa nemaoko, pasina kushandisa makambani ekuvaka uye nzira. Zvivako zvezvokuchera matongo mune imwe nzvimbo isingakanganwiki hazvina kuitwawo. Iko "Yama" chiyeuchidzo muMinsk chakapedzwa nechinhu chakavezwa. Pamwe pamatanho anotungamirira kunzvimbo yakakonzerwa yemupata, anotambanudza tambo yevasungwa ichidzika kune imwe rufu. Nhamba yacho inotarisa haggard uye yakawanda isingaiti. Ivo vakaita semweya inosuruvara kupfuura vanhu. Iyo chikumbaridzo chinonzi zvakakodzera The Last Path, vanyori varo ndivo muumbi weL. Levin, vanyori A. Finsky, E. Polok. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti pakutanga zvakarongwa kuita kuti nhamba dzevasungwa dziratidze zvakawanda. Maererano nekutanga yepurojekiti, pakati pekuparadzwa kwaifanira kuva: mukadzi ane pamuviri, muimbi, uyewo vamiririri vezvimwe zviitiko zvekusika uye zvevanhu vanobatsira. Zvisinei, kuumbwa, kunosanganisira kusuruvara uye asexual mifananidzo yevanhu, pakupedzisira kwakabvumidzwa. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mumutauro uyu, boka remavara rinotarisa rinoshamisa.
Ndeipi iri chiyeuchidzo "Pit" muMinsk? Monument photo
Mifananidzo yakagadzirwa iri mumugwagwa Melnikayte. Pedyo nechoyeuchidzo ndiyo nzvimbo yeVakarurama, yakatsaurirwa kune vaBelarusian vane rugare, avo vainzwira tsitsi uye vakabatsira vaJudha munguva yehondo. Kusvika panzvimbo ino inenge isingakanganwiki iri nyore pakutakura kwevanhu. Girazi remasimoni riri pedyo ndiFrzenskayakaya. Izvo zvinokwanisika kuti uende pasi pasi kutakura kwekutamira "Yubileinaya Hotel" nebhasi: 1, 1n, 69, 73, 119 uye 163. Chiyeuchidzo "Yama" chakazaruka maawa makumi maviri nemazuva, mukova uri pachena.
Maonero evanhu vanogara muguta uye vatariri 'maonero
Vanhu vazhinji vakashanyira chiyeuchidzo chakatsaurirwa kurangarirwa kweHolocaust vakaurayiwa muMinsk chinyorwa chokuti nzvimbo ino inokosha zvikuru. Hazvisi nyore kuwanika pano, asi vanhu vanofungidzirwa havafaniri kunge vari mumitemo. Uye zvakadaro, pasinei nenhoroondo yaro ine kuchema, nzvimbo ino inzvimbo yechitendero kune vagari vakawanda veBelarus. VaJudha nevamiriri vemamwe marudzi vanouya pano nguva dzose kuti varemekedze chiyeuchidzo chevasungwa vasina tsitsi vanoponda Minsk ghetto. Mumazuva ekuyeuka, rallies nezvimwe zviitiko zvekugarisana zvinoitwa pano. Chii chinoshamisa, pasinei kukosha kwaro mumaguta ezvakaitika, "Yama" inowanzosanganiswa mumatungamiri ekufambira. Asi kufarira kwevakashanyi veguta kune chivako kunowedzera gore rose. Zviri nyore kuwana chiyeuchidzo che "Pit" muMinsk, kero yekuchema uku kuona: mumugwagwa Melnikayte. Nhau shomanana dzinovhiringidza dzakabatana nechikumbaridzo kune vakaurayiwa neHolocaust. Nguva nenguva, "Yama" inosangana nekuputika kwezvipembenene, zvinokonzera kushevedzera kukuru kwevanhu.