Yaroslavl, Chechi yaEria Muporofita: tsanangudzo, nhoroondo

Yaroslavl imwe yemaguta ekare eRussia. Chechi yaEriya Muporofita inoonekwa seimwe yezvinhu zvayo zvikuru. Nhoroondo ye Yaroslavl uye ino yakagadzirirwa zvakasimba. Iye zvino tichazopinda mumvura yakadzika yemakore emakore uye tinoona izvo zvakavanzwa muguta uye Chechi yaEria Muporofita mu Yaroslavl. Tsanangudzo yemugwagwa wavo unowanzoitika uchawanikwa pasi apa.

Kutanga kwe Yaroslavl

Maererano nenyaya, Yaroslavl yakatangwa muzana remakore rechi11, zuva reIinin. Zita iro zvakajeka kuti rakanzi zita remukuru mukuru weKiev Yaroslav Vladimirovich Wise. Ichokwadi, apo guta rakange rakarongedzwa, iye asati aine chinyorwa chakadai, asi aingova mutungamiriri chaiwo weRostov nababa vake.

Chokutanga pane zvose, sezvazvaifanira kunge mumazuva iwayo, nzvimbo yakakosha yeguta yakatangwa - iyo Kremlin.

Asi chinyorwa chekutanga chinyorwa pamusoro peguta re Yaroslavl chinongoda kusvika 1071 gore. Izvi zvinoreva, mushure mekufa kwemukuru weJaroslav.

Kuvakwa kweChechi yeEriya Muporofita

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, nheyo inoti guta re Yaroslavl rakavakwa pazuva raEriya Muporofita. Yaiva hovha huru muRussia uye munyika yose yeOrthodox mukuremekedza muporofita mukuru wekare wechiJudha uye anofadza Mwari. Asi zvikurukuru airemekedzwa munyika yedu. Zvichida, hazvisi zvekuti Yaroslav akasarudza nhasi kuti aise guta rake.

Kunyange zvazvo maererano nenyengeri Dhavhidha Mukuru Dhavhidha akaisa guta mukukudza kukundwa kwebere. Uye kukunda uku kunoshamisa kwakangoenderana neZuva raEriya Muporofita. Nenzira yakawanda, chii chaunotenda - munhu wose anozvisarudzira, asi chokwadi hachigoneki kwatiri uye chakavanzwa pasi pemumvuri wezana remakore.

Zvadaro, sezvakatarisirwa, kereke yakavakwa mukukudza mutariri weguta. Saka Chechi yaEria Muporofita yakaratidzwa mu Yaroslavl. Yakavakwa, seguta rose, kubva pamuti.

Hatizivi zvimwe zvekuti Chechi yeEriya Muporofita yakasvika sei ku Yaroslavl. Ruzivo rwemafomu maduku anongowanikwa mu "Nhoroondo yekuvakwa kweguta re Yaroslavl", iyo nyanzvi dzakaitika kare dzemazuva ano dzinofunga kuti dzakavimbika. Isuwo hatizivi chinhu pamusoro pekatikati chechechi panguva ino.

Centre ye unit unit

Parizvino, guta racho rakakura uye rakagadzirwa, rakavakwa uye rakatengesa. Pamberi kweMongol, kuve kwekutanga matombo uye zvivako zvakaonekwa mazviri. Prince Rostov-Suzdal Constantine akatoita Yaroslavl guta rake guru, kunyange zvazvo raive rakaita Rostov. Uye ikozvino nemwanakomana wake wechipiri, Vsevolod, guta racho rakava pakati penheyo chaiyo. Saka yakasara kusvika 1471, apo yakazobatanidzwa nekukura kweMoscow Principality.

Saka Yaroslavl akakura ndokukura. Chechi yaEriya Muporofita wenguva ino, zvakare, inenge isina kujekeswa nezvinobva.

Guta iri muumambo hweRussia

Panguva ino, hutungamiri hweMoscow hwave huchiwedzera huchiwedzera, uye pasi peIvan The Terrible yave ichizivikanwa seRussia Kingdom. Yaroslavl, yakatongwa nevatongi veTsarist, yakabatanidzwa munharaunda iyi. Nguva yekuparadzana kwefudhu yakapedzwa, iyo yakakonzera kukurudzirwa kwebhizimisi, maitiro uye kuvandudzirwa kwehupenyu hwemaguta muguta rose.

Uye pakupedzisira nguva inouya apo Chechi yaEria Muporofita mu Yaroslavl yakatanga kurarama hupenyu hutsva.

Kuvakwa kwechechi itsva

Yaroslavl akatanga kurarama hupenyu hutsva. Chechi yaEria Muporofita zvakare yaida kuti kuve nekuvandudzwa. Saka, muna 1647, pasi peTsar Aleksei Mikhailovich, kuvakwa kwedzimba itsva, dombo yakatanga. Yakange yakaiswa panzvimbo iyi, apo Chechi yekare yeEriya Muporofita mu Yaroslavl neChechi yeKunyengeterera kweMadzimai edu yakamira. Icho chivako chakapedzwa muna 1650.

Zvinhu zvokubhadhara mari yekuvaka zvakaitwa nevatengi vanozivikanwa uye hama dzevatengesi Ioanniki naVonifatii Skripiny. Ichi chinokonzera rubatsiro, hongu, vachazoverengwa pamwe nenyika iri nani.

Saka Chechi yaEria Muporofita yakanga yakasimiswazve. Yaroslavl nhau inoratidza senzvimbo yepamusoro yepanguva iyoyo, uye kereke - semoyo weguta.

Moto mu Yaroslavl

Muna 1658, kushungurudzika kukuru kwakarova Yaroslavl. Nhamba huru yezvivakwa zvakatsva, mhuri dzakawanda dzakarasikirwa nemisha yavo kana hama. Moto wakanga usingaregi, zvakaratidzika kuti hapana chaizomumisa kusvikira "adye" guta rose.

Saka vakapisa guta re Yaroslavl. Chechi yaEria Muporofita chishamiso yakaramba isingafungi. Icho chikamu chekunze chakatsva, uye kupfekedzwa kwemukati kwakaramba kwakangoita mumhando yayo yepakutanga. Uye moto wakabva wadzika.

Kereke Painting

Munguva iyi, guta re Yaroslavl rakavakwa zvakare. Chechi yaEriya Muporofita yakasimuka, ichifananidzira chishamiso chakamisa moto. Uye zvino vagari vomuguta vakafunga nezvekugadzira temberi patsva.

Nokuda kweizvi, muna 1680 mukurumbira wevanyori veKostroma - Sila Savin naGuriy Nikitin vakakokwa . Maoko avo endarama, akatungamirirwa nekufuridzirwa naMwari, akapa temberi chimiro chakanakisisa. Chechi yaEriya Muporofita mu Yaroslavl yakafara. Frescos, yakanyorwa neruoko rune simba, yakakwezva vese vechechi vatsva kuti vatore chikamu mumakaramendi neminamato.

Yaroslavl muUmambo hweRussia

Pasi paPetro I Russia yakava umambo. Yakava imwe yenyika dzakasimba uye dzakanyanyogadzirwa munguva yaro. Kunyange simba guru rebaba vedu rakakura pasi peCatherine II.

Izvi hazviiti kuti zviitike hazvibatsiri kukura kwe Yaroslavl. Kunyangwe panguva iyoyo yakaramba iri duku nzvimbo yepurovhinzi.

Muna 1778, apo chirongwa chikuru cheguta re Yaroslavl chakabvumirwa, Chechi yaEriya Muporofita yaizova nzvimbo yake chaiyo. Muna 1898-1904 kuvakwa kwechechi kwakaitwa.

Zvichida, nguva ino ndiyo inokudzwa zvikuru munhoroondo ye temberi, apo yakange yakapoteredzwa nekunamata uye runyararo. Asi Baba veKudenga vanowanzoendesa vana vavo kuidzo, uye mberi kwehupenyu hune band inotevera nguva inorwadza yekutambudzika uye kutambudzwa.

Nguva yeSoviet

Nguva yeSoviet yakaratidzwa nekutambudzwa kukuru kune vashumiri vechitendero, kuparadzwa kwetemberi, kuparadzirwa kwekusatenda kwaMwari. Chechi yakatumirwa ku musamuziyamu. Nenzira yakanaka, ndiyo yakanga yakaipa zvikuru - kuparadzwa. Iyo maitirwo mairi akamira, asi kunaka kwetemberi hakukwanisi kuvharwa nemamwe maonero e Yaroslavl. Chechi yaEriya Muporofita yakaguma kuva nzvimbo yekushandira kuna Mwari, asi chinonyanya kukosha, yakachengetwa sechinhu chakaumbwa uye chechiitiko, uye haina kuparadzwa, kufanana nematemberi akawanda panguva iyoyo yezvakaitika.

Guta rekanguva iyoyo rairarama hupenyu hwayo, zvichida kunyange raifara, asi raive kure nemweya. Yakava nzvimbo yakakura yepamatunhu umo magetsi akaitwa, mashizha, mitambo uye nzvimbo dzezororo dzakagadzirwa. Vanhu vakanga vachikakavadzana, vachikurumidzira kushanda, pakanga paine ruzha rwekutakura, kuseka kwevana, makuhwa evakadzi vekare. Nenzira yakawanda, guta racho raigara, asi panguva imwe chete rainge risina chinhu chinokosha chomudzimu.

Kudzorerwa kwemabasa

Nekuwa kwemaonero eCommunist muna 1989, maitirwo ari mutemberi akatanga kutorwa zvakare. Ichi chiitiko chakaratidza rutsigiro rwemweya uye rwetsika ye Yaroslavl. Kubva panguva iyo, hupenyu hwechitendero hweguta hwakapenya mune chiedza chitsva, sekumazuva ekare. Ichokwadi, panguva ino masangano anoitwa chete muzhizha. Mukuwedzera, temberi inoenderera mberi kuva musamuziyamu uye inofadza ziso revadikanisi vezvigadzirwa.

Chechi yemazuva ano yeEria Muporofita inzvimbo yezvekushumira zvechitendero, musemu, unyanzvi hwekuvakwa.

Kurongeka kwechiitiko chechechi

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, zvino tava kuziva zvishomanana nezvekuti kereke yakacheneswa sei mumazuva ekare. Asi munhu wose anokwanisa kuenda ku Yaroslavl uye anoona nemeso avo ose kunaka kweChechi yaEria Muporofita zvino.

Parizvino, kereke iine shongwe-shongwe. Iyo yakavezwa nemafereko akawanda anoshamisa, mazhinji ayo ari kunyorwa pamusoro weimba. Asi zvakaparadzana pakati pavo zvakakosha kusimbisa fresco "Babaland" uye iyo yakagadzirirwa "Kurovererwa", iyo inonyanya kufadza kuziso uye ichifashukira nemanzwiro evashanyi kwemakore mazhinji.

Nzira yekuenda kutemberi sei?

Kana takatotanga kutaura pamusoro pekushanyira zvakakwana kutemberi kune avo vanoda, ngatitsanangurirei kuti tingasvika sei kuChechi yeEria Muporofita mu Yaroslavl. Kero iri nyore - Sovetskaya Square, 7. Zvinoshamisa, temberi iri panzvimbo yakatarwa shure kwevaimbova vatambudzi. Uye kazhinji, iwe hausi kutoda kuziva iyo chaiyo yedhota - ingoenda kunzvimbo chaiyo yeguta. Nzira dzose dzinoenda kutemberi!

Mhinduro

Sezvatinoona, zvose zveguta re Yaroslavl neChechi yeEriya Muporofita zvaive zvisiri nyore, kazhinji zvakapindirana zvakanyatsobatanidzwa. Vaiziva nguva dzekumusoro nekudzika, ukuru hwekutenda uye kunorambidzwa kwechitendero, moto uye kudzorerwa. Asi chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti, pasinei nezvose zvinopesana nematambudziko, tsvina yaMwari yakaramba iri mu Yaroslavl uye mutemberi, iyo yakagadzirwa nevashanyi, vatashanisi, masayendisiti uye vanongoda hukomba ari kutungamira. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anoenda kuChechi yeMuporofita nokuda kwechinangwa chake, asingatombofungi kuti zvirokwazvo ivo vanotungamirirwa naMwari pachake.