Yeropa, mapazi kutsemuka: tsananguro uye mapikicha

Yeropa - kupfuura mudziyo womunhu muviri chinounza ropa kubva ventricle rworuboshwe uye ndiko kutanga systemic riparadzirwe.

Yeropa akazivisa anoverengeka madhipatimendi:

• zvichikwira (ndima ascendens aortae) vaparadzana;
• Ruoko mapazi kutsemuka chematenga;
• pasi (ndima descendens aortae) dhipatimendi, izvo zvinozoita rakakamurwa thoracal uye abdominal nhengo.

Kutsemuka Arch uye awo

1. Truncus brachiocephalicus mapazi kutsemuka chematenga kuti shwashwa kuruoko 2nd kurudyi mucheto. Pamberi pake ndiwo rworudyi brachiocephalic Vienna, uye shure - the trachea. Pashure okuyerera brachiocephalic hunde anokwira uye kurudyi, achipa pedyo sternoclavicular pamwe kurudyi pamatavi maviri: subclavian uye kodzero vanhuwo carotid tsinga zvakanaka.
2. Common carotid tsinga (kuruboshwe) - mumwe mapazi kutsemuka chematenga. Kazhinji, bazi iri kunopfuura vanhuwo carotid tsinga zvakanaka 20-25 millimeters. tsinga nzira anomhanya seri scapula, sublingual uye sternoclavicular-mastoid tsandanyama, ipapo kumusoro transverse dzinotsanagura ari remuromo vertebrae. Kunze mudziyo ndiyo vagus etsinga uye jugular (zvemukati) Vienna, izvozvo vavete medially kubva yegurokuro, trachea, pharynx, dokeriro, thyroid uye parathyroid shwanu. The thyroid shwashwa nharaunda (hwepamusoro mugove) nerimwe nevakariri carotid arteries anopa zvemukati uye zvokunze carotid arteries kuti ndezvomuzana zvakaenzana diameters. Place runhare nekupesana tsinga bifurcation, panguva ino uyewo nhema intercarotid glomerulus (hope chromaffin muviri, carotid simbi) - anatomical hurongwa pamwe kukura 1.5 X 2.5 neMM, izvo anopiwa ane muzvizhinji pamusoro chemoreceptors uye rirambe richibvira Network. Munzvimbo chokunze kuerera kubva carotid tsinga ane chiwedzerwa duku, inonzi carotid sinus.
3. External carotid tsinga mumwe pamatavi maviri chinouraya zvakafanana carotid tsinga. It matavi kubva wokupedzisira ari hope nzvimbo Triangle (rokumusoro pamucheto thyroid shwashwa). Pakutanga, riri chete medial kune womukati carotid tsinga, uye ipapo lateral kwachiri. Kutanga kwokunze carotid tsinga nhema pasi sternocleidomastoid tsandanyama, uye somnolence netriangle nharaunda - subcutaneous tsandanyama pamutsipa uye remuromo fascia (ayo ndiro pamusoro). Zvayaiva medially kubva digastric (ayo posterior dumbu) uye stylohyoid, carotid (yokunze) tsinga iri pamutsipa nzvimbo mandibula (mull parotid gland) rakakamurwa peya mapazi chinouraya vari: maxillary uye asingafungi rwepanyama tsinga. Uyezve, panguva rayo atria carotid kosi tibvunze kuti Mapazi: pamberi boka - mberi, pamusoro uye lingual thyroid tsinga, posterior boka - posterior nzeve, occipital uye clavisternomastoid tsinga uye kunosvika kune pakati vachikwira pharyngeal tsinga.

Mapazi thoracal yeropa

chidimbu ichi, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, chikamu kurova kworuoko yeropa. Riri mune posterior mediastinum, inopfuura nomunyika musana mbiru. Mapazi thoracal yeropa dzinoturwa mumapoka maviri: yacho parietal uye visceral (visceral).

matavi visceral

matavi Visceral pakati yeropa vanomirirwa anotevera mapoka:

1. matavi Árbol (2-4 zvidimbu). Kutanga parusvingo pamberi yeropa munzvimbo ine bazi intercostal arteries retatu. Kupinda masuwo zvose mapapu, intrabronchial kuumbwa arterial pomumbure unokupai ari principales, connective zvinyama inotungamirwa (furemu) of mumapapu, yegurokuro, iyo pericardium, ari pulmonary rusvingo midziyo (mutsinga uye arteries). In zvemapapu rinenge mapazi Árbol achiumba anastomoses pamwe mapazi pulmonary arteries.
2. matavi Esophageal (3-4 zvidimbu). Vanenge 1.5 dyne cm uye misa pamasvingo yegurokuro (ake thoracal chidimbu). matavi izvi kubvira thoracal yeropa munzvimbo 4-8 thoracal vertebrae. Anastomoses akaumbwa diaphragmatic rokumusoro, yakaderera uye yokumusoro thyroid, mediastinal arteries, uyewo kuruboshwe coronary tsinga mwoyo.
3. matavi Mediastinal (mediastinal) anogona kuva akasiyana-siyana pekugara, impermanent. Kazhinji kuuya sechikamu mapazi pericardial. Blood nerubatsiro faibha kuitwa, uye mediastinal node nodes rwemberi rusvingo (shure) pericardium. Fomu anastomoses pamwe mapazi pamusoro.
4. matavi Pericardial (1-2 zvidimbu), dzakatetepa uye pfupi. Kutsemuka bazi kubva parusvingo kumberi, pericardium krovosnabzhaya (musana wake). Form anastomoses pamwe mediastinal uye esophageal arteries.

matavi parietal

1. Diaphragmatic yokumusoro tsinga anomuitira kubva kutsemuka kweropa rinoitwa pleura uye lumbar chidimbu kubva yeropa. United mu anastomoses pamwe diaphragmatic ezasi, dzomunyika thoracal uchingodzikira intercostal arteries.
2. Intercostal arteries rwemberi (10 nomwe) bazi kubva kutsemuka parusvingo uye shure vakatevera 3-11 intercostal dzezvimwe. Wokupedzisira peya kunosvika pasi nerumbabvu 12 (i.e., mumwe subcostal) uye anopinda anastomosis pamwe lumbar arterial mapazi. Rokutanga uye rechipiri intercostal nzvimbo unokupai Mweya subclavian tsinga. Intercostal rworudyi tsinga iri zvishoma kupfuura kuruboshwe uye uende pasi costal pleura kusvikira makona, vari raiva posteriorly pamusoro posterior mediastinum, vakapfuura kumativi pamberi hukawanika ari vertebral miviri. In nerumbabvu misoro intercostal arteries vabve dorsal mapazi kune tsandanyama uye paganda shure, kusvika musana (kusanganisira mumuhara waro) nomuzongoza. Kubva pambabvu pamakona arteries vari pakati zvemukati uye zvokunze intercostal tsandanyama, akarara pasi panzvimbo costal paburi. The arteries mu rechi8 intercostal nzvimbo uye pazasi paro nhema pasi nhengo unopinza, bazi kupinda lateral mapazi kune tsandanyama uye ganda nomugove lateral pechipfuva, uye pashure achiumba anastomoses pamwe intercostal Anterior nemapazi thoracal (dzakawanda) tsinga. 4-6 intercostal tsinga mapazi kupa zamu. Intercostal arteries kupa ropa kune rokumusoro muchipfuva, uye nhatu ezasi - the diaphragm uye rusvingo abdominal (kumberi). Wechitatu rworudyi intercostal tsinga anotumira bukira inobaya bronchus, uye kubva 1-5 X intercostal arteries anomunzwira mapazi kuti kupa ropa kuruboshwe bronchus. 3-6 fung intercostal tsinga kukonzera esophageal arteries.

abdominal yeropa mapazi

Abdominal chidimbu kubva yeropa - kuenderera mberi kwake muchipfuva chikamu. Rinotanga kubva pamwero thoracal vertebra 12, inopfuura nomunyika kutsemuka diaphragmatic hwomukova uye inoguma munzvimbo 4 lumbar vertebra. Abdominal dhipatimendi iri pamberi lumbar vertebrae, zvishoma kuruboshwe ari evaMedhia mutsetse, ndiye retroperitoneal. Kurudyi rwake nhema negomba (kana pasi) of kuVienna pamberi - rwatata, ivo chinjikira chidimbu kubva duodenum nezviduku ura mesenteric mudzi.

matavi parietal

Govera kutevera parietal mapazi abdominal yeropa:

1. Diaphragmatic repasi tsinga (kurudyi uye kuruboshwe) bazi kubva abdominal yeropa pashure mbudo wayo kubva kutsemuka orifice uye phrenic kutevera diaphragm (pasi ndege) ezvo kumusoro uye kumativi.
2. Lumbar Arteries (4 zvidimbu) kubvira pakutanga yeropa 4 pedyo yokumusoro lumbar vertebrae wedzerai ropa kusvikira anterolateral pemvura mudumbu, musana, uye ezasi shure.
3. EvaMedhia sacral tsinga ngaubve yeropa munzvimbo yayo weboka kupinda vanhuwo iliac arteries (5 lumbar vertebrae) inotevedzera pelvic mugove sacrum, krovosnabzhaya coccyx, sacrum uye m. iliopsoas.

matavi visceral

Govera kutevera visceral mapazi abdominal yeropa:

1. Celiac hunde zvinobva yeropa munzvimbo 12 thoracal kana lumbar vertebrae 1, diaphragmatic pakati makumbo yomukati. Zvinonzi projected pamusoro evaMedhia mutsetse pasi kubva xiphoid muitiro (pamusoro kwayo). Munzvimbo muviri rwatata celiac hunde anopa mapazi matatu: akasiya gastric, hepatic uye splenic tsinga chakasviba. Truncus coeliacus akapoteredzwa zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri plexus mapazi uye akafukidza pamberi parietal peritoneum.
2. Adrenal tsinga avhareji hwemvura, matavi kubva yeropa chete pazasi celiac hunde uye anopa adrenal shwanu.
3. Upper mesenteric tsinga matavi yeropa munzvimbo wa1 lumbar vertebra, posterior kuti rwatata. Zvino inopfuura nomunyika duodenum (pamberi pamusoro) uye anotumira mapazi kune duodenum uye rwatata, vachitevera mudzi pakati machira mesenteric duku ura, rinopa mutete manyoro kuti perfusion uye muura (kurudyi) ura.
4. Renal arteries kuchibva kubva 1st lumbar vertebra. arteries izvi kukonzera nechepazasi adrenal arteries.
5. Ovarian tsinga (manhu) anotambanuka chete nechepazasi renal arteries. Kupfuura posterior kune parietal peritoneum, kuyambuka ureters, uye mushure kwokunze iliac tsinga. Vakadzi, ovarian tsinga kubudikidza shwashwa kuti unorembedza ovary, inotumirwa fallopian sepombi uye ovaries, uye varume - vari chikamu spermatic tambo kuburikidza inguinal Canal kuenda manhu.
6. Tsinga vakaderera mesenteric mapazi yepazasi rechitatu abdominal yeropa munzvimbo 3 lumbar vertebra. tsinga ichi anopa muura (kuruboshwe chikamu).

atherosclerosis pakati yeropa

Atherosclerosis pakati yeropa uye awo - a zvokurwara kuti kunoratidzwa kukura plaques vari vascular lumen, vakazochinja kunotungamirira kuti aienda pamusoro lumen uye paumbwe ropa.

Zvinokonzera zvokurwara chinhu kusaenzana mune nhamba lipid zvikamu zviduku, vakananga zvibereko remafuta akawandisa, iro rakachengetedzwa sezvo plaques pakati yeropa uye matavi kutsemuka.

Sembura zvinhu zvinosanganisira fodya, chirwere cheshuga, nhodzera, nokusarovedza muviri.

Kuratidza atherosclerosis

Kazhinji, atherosclerosis kunoitika pasina zviratidzo pachena, riri nokuda guru kukura yeropa (uyewo madhipatimendi, mapazi yeropa), kukura tsandanyama uye kwakavharwa nenyama fibers. Kukura Dombo kunotungamirira overloading mwoyo, izvo hworatidza pacharo kushushikana RINOFAMBIRA, kurukutika, mwoyo palpitations.

With kuchiita chirwere kwacho kunosvika kune kutsemuka chematenga mapazi nomurwizi uye nechokumusoro kwerwizi zvikamu, kusanganisira arteries kuti uvake muviri mwoyo. Muchiitiko chino, waunowana zvinotevera zviratidzo: angina pectoris (kurwadziwa muchipfuva kuti anopiwa iri pamapfudzi chipande kana ruoko, kupfupika mweya), nomudumbu uye itsvo basa, BP akasvetuka, kutonhora migumo, dzungu, kutemwa nomusoro, kakawanda kufenda, utera ari maoko.