Zvemapapu basa. Human mapapu: mamiriro, shanda

Chero bedzi munhu mupenyu, izvozvo anofema. Chii chiri kufema? muitiro uyu, iyo akaramba inopiwa dzose nhengo uye nyama pamwe okisijeni uye kunobvisa carbon dioxide inobvisa kubva muviri kunokonzerwa nokushanda exchange hurongwa. It anoita azvaiitwa chinokosha ari kufema ino, iyo anokurukura zvakananga chete zvemwoyo. Kuti tinzwisise kuti gasi mukutsinhana kunoitika mumuviri womunhu, inofanira kudzidza marongerwo uye kushanda mumapapu.

Sei munhu kuti kufema?

Nzira bedzi kuwana okisijeni iri kufema. Long kunonoka hazvibviri, sezvo muviri kunoda mumwe batch mangé. Sei ndichida okisijeni? Pasina hazvizoitiki muviri, pfungwa basa, uye zvose nedzimwe nhengo. With kutora chikamu reokisijeni paradzanisa zvinovaka muviri, simba asunungurwa, uye sero rimwe kunowedzerwa nazvo. Mweya unonzi gasi exchange. Uye ichi ichokwadi. Mushure kunyanya kufema hurongwa nhema iri chokwadi kuti kubva mhepo rakabatwa mumuviri tonotora okisijeni uye carbon dioxide goho.

Ndezvipi yevanhu mumapapu

Anatomy vavo zvikuru kunzwisisa uye shanduka. muviri ichi kaviri. nzvimbo yaro - pachipfuva mhango. Chiedza vasiyana mwoyo kumativi ose - kurudyi nekuruboshwe. Nature Vaitarisira kuti zvose izvi zvinokosha nhengo vadzivirirwa kubva kumanikidzwa, kuvhunduka, etc. The mberi chipingamupinyi kukuvara ndiyo .. The mubhokisi, kumashure - the musana uye panhivi - kumicheto.

Light chaizvoizvo zvapararira nemazana nemapazi principales, naavo iri kumigumo zvavo Formação de Ukuru pinhead. Vari muviri hwakanaka munhu, pane kuti muzvikamu mamiriyoni 300. The Formação de nebasa rinokosha: zvavanokupai midziyo neropa uye okisijeni, ane zvakawanda hurongwa, kupa gasi Exchange imwe nzvimbo yakakura. Chimbofungidzira: vanogona kufukidza pepasi dare Tennis!

In chitarisiko mumapapu kufanana hafu-cône, mujinga chiri yakabatana diaphragm, uye pamusoro pamwe woita miromo protrude 2-3 masendimita pamusoro clavicle. Asi muviri yaingowanikwa ndivo mumapapu dzevanhu. Anatomy of rworudyi kana rworuboshwewo akafukidza zvakasiyana. Saka, kutanga vachitova hombe iri vhoriyamu pane yechipiri, nepo chiri zvishoma mapfupi uye vakwanise. Mumwe hafu muviri chakafukidzwa pleura, iine machira maviri, mumwe spliced kuna nerumbabvu keji, uye mumwe - pamwe pose yemapapu. Rokunze pleura raiva masero glandular, naro anogadzirwa pleural mhango Urume.

Yomukati pose mumwe zvemapapu ane kudzamisa, panodamwa pasuwo. Izvi zvinosanganisira principales, mujinga chine chimiro branching muti, uye pulmonary tsinga, uye akasiya mbiri pulmonary mutsinga.

Human mumapapu. kwavo basa

Chokwadi, ari mumuviri womunhu hapana yechipiri nhengo. Zvinokosha kuona upenyu hwevanhu uye vari lightweight. Basa rei zvavanoita?

• Basic zvemapapu basa - aite kufema kwacho. Man anorarama sezvo kufema. Kana ukasiya aibuda okisijeni mumuviri, rufu kunoitika.
• kwevanhu zvemapapu basa iri kusunungura carbon dioxide, zvokuti muviri rinotsigirwa nezvinoitwa asidhi-alkaline mwero. Kuburikidza miviri izvi havazonetseki kugadzikana zvinhu: doro, amoniya, acetone, chloroform uye Eteri.

• yevanhu zvemapapu basa hazvirevi kuguma ikoko. Aiwanzopiwa wokushanda Nhengo ichiri munyaya wokunatswa ropa, kunouya neZvapupu mhepo. Mugumisiro chinhu anonakidza namakemikari kuita. Okisijeni mamorekuru mudenga uye carbon dioxide mamorekuru ari tsvina ropa kunoshandurwa, kureva. E. Okisijeni unotsiva carbon dioxide.
• Various zvemapapu nerevane kuvabvumira kubatanidzwa mvura mukutsinhana kuitika mumuviri. Kuburikidza izvi goho kusvika 20% nemvura.
• Mapapu zvinoshingaira vechikamu izvi thermoregulation. Vanopa 10% zvomumhepo kana kupisa nedzinovengwa mhepo.
• Mutemo kweropa hakusi pasina kuita izvi zviri nyore.

Sei mapapu ako basa?

kwevanhu zvemapapu basa ndiko kuti adzivirire mhepo kupinda ropa kuendesa okisijeni, kuzvishandisa, uye carbon dioxide excrete. Chiedza - asi guru zvinyoronyoro miviri pamwe chirambe chakapfava tishu. Inhaled mhepo anopinda mhepo SACS. Ivo dzakaparadzaniswa nhete stenochke pamwe capillaries.

Pakati ropa uye duku chete mhepo masero. Naizvozvo matete masvingo inhaled magasi hatuzoumbiki zvipingamupinyi inotsigira passability zvakanaka kuburikidza navo. Muchiitiko chino, munhu zvemapapu basa vari kushandiswa zvakakodzera uye zvisina basa kushaya kuti magasi. Lung zvinyama zviri kwakavharwa nenyama chaizvo. Inhalation chiri kukura chipfuva uye kuwedzera zvemapapu vhoriyamu.

Gurokuro raimiririra mhuno, pharynx, dokeriro, trachea, ane chimiro chubhu ine 10-15 masendimita urefu, muzvikamu zviviri, makatumidzwa principales. Mhepo achipfuura kwavari, anoenda mhepo SACS. A expiratory zvemapapu vhoriyamu rutapudzo zvaitika, zvinoderedza kukura mubhokisi, ari kukwana kuvhara pamusoro pulmonary vharuvhu kuti anobvumira mhepo kuti anongoerekana zvakare. Ndizvo mumapapu dzevanhu.

Marongerwo kushanda zvokuti inogona muviri kunoonekwa uwandu inhaled uye patinofemera kunze mhepo. Saka, muna vanhu zviri akaenzana pints nomwe, vakadzi - shanu. Chiedza hazviuyi asina kumbobvira. mhepo vasara pashure nedzinovengwa anonzi residual. Kana Kufema riri yakavhenganiswa mhepo yakachena. Saka, mweya - chinhu vanoziva uye chavanoziva panguva imwe chete Maitikiro acho kunoitika nguva dzose. Man kufema kana vavete, asi iye haafungi nezvazvo. Muchiitiko chino, kana achida anogona kuva zvishoma kuvhiringidzwa kufema. Somuenzaniso, apo pasi mvura.

Interesting nezvendima kushanda mumapapu

Vanokwanisa kupomba 10,000 litres mhepo inhaled pazuva. Asi hazvisi nguva dzose yakajeka. Pamwechete okisijeni nechikoro mukati edu muviri guruva utachiona zhinji nezvimedu dzavatorwa. Naizvozvo, mashandiro mumapapu kudzivirira zvose zvisingadiwi kuchena mudenga.

Árbol masvingo vane mijenya duku villi. Ivo inodiwa kuti kunonotsa utachiona uye guruva. A nebhitumini iyo pave yemweya rusvingo masero kugonyesa ari villi, uye ipapo pauri kunze apo expectoration.

The nemamiriro kufema hurongwa

Inoitwa nhengo uye munyama, izvo zvakazara zvinopa kufefetedza uye kufema. Munguva pachake gasi Exchange - huru pakuderedza mu muviri - ndivo mashandiro ari kufema hurongwa. The yokupedzisira ndiyo chete anokonzera pulmonary (kwokunze) kufema. Zvinosanganisira:

1. Airways, zvinosanganisira mhino yayo in, dokeriro, trachea, principales.

The mhino yayo mhango iri neshungu, humidified uye yakasvinwa inhaled mhepo. yokunatswa Its zvinoitwa vakawanda vemitsipa bvudzi uye masero wakanwa pamwe cilia.

The dokeriro riri pakati pamudzi rurimi uye trachea. Its mhango mucous Kamudzira inokamukana nezvirugu zvamakwai maviri. vari pakati hauna fused chose. Musiyano uri pakati pavo anonzi inzwi.

The trachea rinobva kubva dokeriro. The thorax yakakamurwa kupinda principales: kurudyi nekuruboshwe.

2. Chiedza dzine mapazi midziyo, bronchioles uye alveolar SACS. Vanotanga zvishoma nezvishoma weboka guru principales ari tubules vashoma saizi, makatumidzwa bronchioles. Zvinosanganisira duku Dzokuvaka chiedza - wedges.

The pulmonary tsinga anotakura ropa rworudyi ventricle mwoyo. Zvinonzi akakamurwa kuruboshwe uye zvakarurama. Branching arteries zvinofanira kunoteverwa bronchitis, criss-ichiyambuka Formação de nokuita capillaries diki.

3. zvetsandanyama nemapfupa Hurongwa, nemhaka iyo munhu haana kungogumira kufema kufamba.

Izvi rumbabvu tsandanyama, ari diaphragm. Vanorinda pamusoro kuvimbika Airways uye varambe vari siyana postures uye kufamba muviri. Tsandanyama nezvirwere uye vakazorora, pave nokuchinja mu bhuku pechipfuva. Aperture rakagadzirirwa kupatsanura chipfuva mhango kubva abdominal. Icho tsandanyama mukuru munyaya dzose kufema.

Man anofema mhino yake. Zvadaro, mhepo inopfuura nomunyika pneumatic makwara uye mumapapu womunhu, marongerwo uye mashandiro anoita izvo kupa mberi basa kufema hurongwa. Izvi kungova vasiri chinhu. mweya kwakadaro inonzi mhino. Mune mhango romuviri pakutsamwisana humidification uye mhepo kucheneswa. Kana nasal mucosa unotsamwira, munhu ndokuotsira, otanga zviparadzanise unodzivirira madzihwa. Nasal kufema zvingaoma. Zvadaro, mhepo anopinda achishandisa muromo kupinda huro. On yakadaro mweya vanoti ndiye muromo, uye chokwadi, ndizvo pathological. Muchiitiko ichi vakakanganisa nasal basa anokonzera zvirwere zvokufema turakiti zvakasiyana.

mhepo anotumwa kubva pharynx kusvika dokeriro, iyo anoita mamwe mabasa, kuwedzera kutakura okisijeni iri kufema turakiti, kunyanya, reflexogenic. Kana paine bundu muviri, pane chikosoro kana spasm. Mukuwedzera, dokeriro rinobatanidzwa inzwi kugadzirwa. Izvi zvinokosha kuti chero munhu, sezvo kukurukura wayo nevamwe vanhu kuenda kuburikidza kutaura. Trachea uye principales kuramba kudziyisa uye humidify mumhepo, asi - kwete basa ravo huru. Paaiita imwe basa, ivo waidzora Vhoriyamu mhepo inhaled.

Respiratoria hurongwa. mabasa

The mumhepo yakatipoteredza, ayo akafanana rine okisijeni anogona kupinda mumuviri wedu kubudikidza ganda. Asi chayo hakuna kukwana kuti tirarame. Nokuti ichi pane kufema hurongwa. Akatakura zvakakodzera zvinhu uye magasi anoita kweropa hurongwa. The nemamiriro kufema ezvinhu akadaro kuti anokwanisa unokupai muviri pamwe okisijeni uye kunobvisa carbon dioxide. It anoita zvinotevera mabasa:

• Inodzora kuitisa kuti moisturizes uye degreasing mhepo, kunobvisa seguruva.
• Inochengetedza Airways kubva kuwana zvidimbu zvokudya.
• Anoitisa mhepo kupinda trachea kubva dokeriro.
• Kunonatsiridza gasi Exchange pakati mumapapu uye ropa.
• Transports venous ropa mumapapu.
• Oxygenates ropa uye kunobvisa carbon dioxide.
• It ane unodzivirira basa.
• Sokunonoka uye urwa clots, tudonhwe dzimwe mavambo emboli.
• Anoita kupanana zvakakodzera zvinhu.

An dzinonakidza ndechokuti nezera pane shoma functionality ari kufema hurongwa. Zvinoderedza padanho kufefetedza uye basa kufema. Zvikonzero zvinetso izvi zvingava kuchinja siyana mune mapfupa uye tsandanyama womunhu. Somugumisiro, anochinja pezvakaita mubhokisi, ayo mufambo kunoderedza. Izvi zvinoderedza vachikwanisa ari kufema hurongwa.

kufema danho

Kana Kufema okisijeni kubva pulmonary Formação de kupinda ropa, kureva erythrocytes. Nokudaro, nekusiyana, carbon dioxide chinopinda mumhepo, yaiva okisijeni. Sezvo kuuya uye mhepo kuti anongoerekana yacho zvemapapu kufurirwa yaro nhengo kunowedzera, inosimudzira diffusion pamusoro magasi.

Paunenge exhale, kumanikidza vakasikwa Formação de ari mumapapu kupfuura ratinoona. Chinotanga zvakaitika zvakawanda vanoshingaira diffusion pamusoro magasi: carbon dioxide inobvisa uye oxygen.

Pose kumbomira akasikwa pashure nedzinovengwa. Izvi imhaka hapana diffusion pamusoro magasi, sezvo kumanikidza dzekudenga yasara mumapapu zvishoma, zvishoma zvikuru pane mhepo yakapoteredza.

Ndichiri fema - ndinorarama. Pfungwa afemeruke

• To mwana mukati mudumbu, okisijeni anopinda neropa rake, saka nemapapu nomwana asina muzvirongwa izvi, azara mura. Kana mwana azvarwa uye anoita mweya wake wokutanga, mapapu vanotanga kushanda. Marongerwo kushanda kuti kufema nhengo dzakadaro kuti vanokwanisa kupa muviri pamwe okisijeni uye kunobvisa carbon dioxide.
• The anonongedzera zviri kutsvakwa okisijeni nguva penguva anotora kufema centre, riri muuropi. Saka, panguva hope reokisijeni zvaida iri shoma zvikuru pane panguva kushanda maawa.
• The Vhoriyamu kuuya mhepo mumapapu hunodzorwa nemashoko, yakatumwa kuuropi.

• Panguva iyi anonongedzera kuti hunopwanya diaphragm, zvichiguma Munotatamura pechipfuva. Izvi Kunowanzurudza uwandu iyo inogarwa pakuwedzera mumapapu panguva inhalation.
• Panguva nedzinovengwa, kuti diaphragm relaxes uye intercostal tsandanyama, bhuku pechipfuva ipfupi. Izvi zvinotungamirira makatodzinga mhepo kubva mumapapu.

mhando kufema

• Clavicular. Kana munhu hunched, maoko ake vanomutswa, uye mudumbu iri compressed. Izvi zvinoratidza kukwana chokubuda okisijeni mumuviri.
• Thoracal kufema. It kunoratidzwa pakuwedzera chipfuva nokuda intercostal netsandanyama. Kwakadaro zvinhu zvinobatsira kuti kufema okisijeni saturation muviri. Nzira iyi chinokuvadzwa physiology iri nani kuvakadzi vane mimba.
• Kufema zvakadzama anozadza mhepo, rezasi zvikamu nhengo. Kazhinji kacho fema saka vatambi uye vanhu. Nzira iyi inobatsira mukirasi kurovedza muviri.

Ndosaka vanoti mweya - girazi pfungwa utano. Saka, chiremba wepfungwa Lowen yave akaona chaizvo kuwirirana hunhu uye mhando mupfungwa rebipolar munhu. Vanhu vane anongoti schizophrenia, chinobatanidzwa afemeruke repamusoro muchipfuva. Murume ane neurotic mhando nemaitiro chinofema ane dumbu guru. Kazhinji vanhu vari yakavhenganiswa kufema, uko kwaisanganisirawo chipfuva uye diaphragm.

vanosvuta Light

Kusvuta simba kurwadzisa kuzviremera. Fodya utsi hune tara, chikakananda, uye rehydrogen cyanide. Izvi zvinokuvadza anokwanisa kuisa pamusoro zvemapapu rinenge zvichiguma rufu epithelial nenyere. Mapapu ane utano hwakanaka haisi pasi pezvakaitwa dzakadaro.

In vanosvuta kuvheneka tsvina pfumbu kana dema ruvara nokuda kuunganidza akawandisa masero akafa. Asi kwete kuti zvose zvinhu zvisingafadzi. zvemapapu basa iri yekudyidzana ipfupi. Kutanga akaipa pezvakaitwa kuti kukonzera kuzvimba. Somugumisiro, mumwe munhu chirwere chisingaperi obstructive pulmonary chirwere, izvo zvinoita kuti pave kufema kukundikana. Iyewo, inokonzera dzakawanda kutyorwa kuti kuitika nokuda kwokushayiwa okisijeni iri munyama muviri.

Social kushambadza yave nguva akaratidza clip, mifananidzo pamwe musiyano pakati chiedza uye uchisvuta utano. Uye vanhu vakawanda vane kumbobvira akanhonga mudzanga, akatura befu. Asi regai kuva saka anokurudzira pachake, muchitenda kuti eerie kuona, inova chiedza uchisvuta, haana kuita nemi. Zvinofadza kuti munhu anokosha zvimwewo kusiyana Pakutanga, hapana. Kana X-ray mufananidzo kana bhokisi romuzvarirwo X-ray haana kuratidza, utsi munhu kana kwete. Uyezve, hapana pathologist havagoni kuona chokwadi chakakwana, kana munhu ndakapindwa muropa kusvuta muupenyu hwake kusvikira anoona kwese zviratidzo: mamiriro ari principales, yellowing minwe uye zvichingodaro. Nei izvozvo? Zvakaratidza kuti zvinokuvadza akayangarara ari yakasvibiswa guta mhepo, kupinda mumiviri yedu nenzira sezvo fodya utsi mumapapu ...

Marongerwo mashandiro anoita muviri inoitirwa kuti adzivirire muviri. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muchetura kuparadza zvemapapu rinenge vakazochinja, nokuda kuunganidza masero akafa, anova nerima mune ruvara.

Chii ndiwo pakushambadzira? Just pamusoro mapepa pamwe okufananidza akanyorwa anoratidza zvitunha akura uye mwana ....

Interesting pamusoro kufema uye kufema hurongwa

• Kumapapu vane kukura ruoko rwomunhu.
• Volume aiwanzopiwa wokushanda Nhengo - 5 litres. Asi haina kushandiswa zvizere. Kuti vave nechokwadi inowanzotorwa kufema zvakakwana 0.5 litres. Bhuku residual mhepo ndomumwe nehafu marita. Kana isu overenga, ipapo matatu chete marita mhepo vhoriyamu rinogarova chengetedza.
• Vakwegura munhu, kashoma mweya wake. Mumwe miniti imwe achangoberekwa inhales, exhales-matatu kashanu, kuyaruka - maviri, mukuru - gumi nguva.
• Mune awa rimwe, munhu anoita kundosvikira chiuru pazuva - zviuru makumi maviri nezvitanhatu, nokuti gore - mamiriyoni mapfumbamwe. Uyezve, varume nevakadzi havasi kufema saizvozvo. Mugore rimwe, nyaya yokutanga mamiriyoni 670 kundosvikira, uye wechipiri - 746.
• Mumwe miniti munhu kunokosha kunotora marita sere nehafu mhepo vhoriyamu.

Pachishandiswa zvataurwa, tingati nokuti kuti vakatarisa chiedza. Kana uri mubvunzo pamusoro mamiriro ayo kufema ezvinhu, bvunza chiremba.