Zvikamu uye kugadzirira ropa

Mishonga inowanikwa zvakananga kubva muropa pachayo inonzi mazvigadzirwa zveropa. Izvo zvakagadzirwa zvikamu zvinobvumira kuwedzera zvakanyanya miganhu yehemotherapeutic, uye, inonyanya kukosha, inobvumira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakananga zveropa uye plasma zvine chinangwa chinogutsa. Kugadzirira ropa kunogoverwa mumapoka matatu: maitiro akaoma, immunoglobulins (immunologically active) uye hemostatic.

Kugadzirira kwechiito chakaoma. Plasma

Mishonga yekuita zvakaoma inosanganisira plasma yeropa uye albumin. Mhedzisiro yavo ndeyekuvhiringidzika kwechinhu chimwechete pamwe nehemodynamic. Purasma yakanyanyisa yakanyanyisa yakachengetedza mabasa ose, naizvozvo kushanda kwayo kunonyanya kukosha. Kune dzimwe mhando dze plasma: dzakaoma (lyophilized) uye mvura (yakaberekwa). Mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu, vanonyanya kurasikirwa nekuporesa, saka kushandiswa kwavo hakusi kwakakosha. Zvishoma nechando zvinowanikwa ne plasmapheresis kana ne centrifugation yeropa rose, chando chinotora kubva panguva yekutora ropa kubva kune mupiro mukutanga kwemaawa maviri. Zvitsva zvinokonzerwa neropa zvakachengetwa zvinogona kuchengetwa kusvikira kune rimwe gore pamatambo kubva pa1 kusvika kuma25 degrees uye pasi. Munguva iyi, zvinhu zvose zvinodzivirira plasma, fibrinolysis zvinokwana, anticoagulants zvinodzivirirwa.

Kugadzirira kuwedzerwa kweplasma

Kugadzirira ropa kune tsvaga plasma yakaoma. Usati watanga kuwedzerwa ropa, zvakakosha kugadzirira mishonga. Plasma inodedzwa mumvura inodziya, kutonhora kwayo hakusi kupfuura 37-38 degrees. Bhokisi replastiki rine biomaterial rinogona kutambanudzwa nemaoko ako kuti ikurumidze kushanda. Maererano nemirayiridzo iyi, thawed plasma inofanira kudururwa munguva inotevera. Mushure mekugadzirira, firin flakes inogona kuonekwa mairi, asi izvi hazviitadzisi kuti zvisadururirwa kuburikidza nemashonga epurasitiki ane mavara.

Hazvibviri kupfurikidza plasma kana zvivharo zvakakura zviripo mairi, kukosha kukuru kune uchapupu hwekuti kugadzirira ndekwekushaya kunaka. Usadzokorora zvakare uye usvike purasma inenge ichando.

Mishonga inobva muropa revanhu haifaniri kudururwa kubva mune rimwe bhegi kusvika kune vamwe varwere. Uyewo, usasiya plasma kuitira nzira inotevera pashure pokunge bhokisi replastiki rave richiora mwoyo. Kana murwere akaudzwa kuti parenteral zviito zvekuisa mapuroteni, zvinopesana kuti zvinopfurikidza kupera kwemazimbe emuropa. Kuti urege kudzivirira maitiro, zviyero zvehupenyu zvinotorwa, uyewo kana ropa rose richiwedzerwa.

Transfusion

Plasma inotonhora yakaoma, iyo inodururirwa kumurwere, inofanira kutorwa kubva kune munhu ane boka rimwechete reropa semurwere, maererano neAABO system. Muzviitiko zvinokurumidzira, kana pasina plasma imwe chete, boka rinotevera rinobvumirwa:

• Plasma: boka A (II) - murwere: boka reropa 0 (I)
• Plasma: boka B (III) - murwere: ropa ropa 0 (I)
• Plasma: boka AB (IV) - murwere: chero boka reropa.

Miedzo yekutenderana kweboka haina kuitwa. Kugadzirira ropa (kuwedzerwa kweplasma) kunoratidzwa apo:

• Thrombohemorrhagic syndromes,
• Zvinopisa,
• Purulent-septic michakato,
• Hemorrhagic diathesis: kusanganisira haemophilia yemhando A uye B,
• Syndromes of compression long,
• Nekurasikirwa kweropa kukuru (inopfuura 25%), plasma inowedzerwa neyerythrocyte mass.

Plasma inotonhora yakanyanyisa inoshandiswawo mukurapa kwevarwere vane tsvakisi inowanzoitika yemidziyo yeropa, kakawanda nekushandiswa kwe streptokinase kana zvimwe zvinodhaka zve fibrinolytic.

Albumin

Mishonga yakadaro yeropa, yakadai seAlbumin, inowanikwa nenzira yezvigadziriswa nehuwandu hwe5 , 10 ne20%. Purotini inoshandiswa pamwe chete neArgin albumin, iyo ine alpha uye beta globulins. Iyo mhinduro ye albumin mushure mekuiswa kwezvigadzirisimo mairi inokwanisa kumira pasteurization. Uye izvi zvinobatsira kusaita mavirusi ekutapukirwa kweHIV uye hepatitis. Albumin inoshandiswa pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushungurudzika -kuvhiya, kunetseka, kupisa. Zivisai muEdema, izvo zvinokonzerwa neprotheni isina simba yemakemikari eropa, nekurasikirwa kukuru kweAlbumin muropa (ascites, cirrhosis, kupisa). Albumin inogadziriswa zvinogadziriswa inoshandiswa pazvinenge zvichidikanwa kukonzera kuwanda kwemvura inowanikwa mumuviri (nemwoyo kusakatika, edema yeuropi).

5% kukosha kwekugadzirira ropa (albumin) kunoshandiswa mukurasikirwa kweropa, apo kumira kwemafupa eropa kunodiwa. Nekuiswa kwe albumin ine kurasikirwa kweropa kukuru, inofanira kunge yakabatanidzwa nekuwedzerwa kwevanhu vemu erythrocyte. Mukuita kwevana, albumin inowanzoshandiswa sechinangwa che10%.

Immunoglobulin

Zvinodhaka zveropa - immunoglobulins - zvinoumba boka guru remishonga inodhaka. Vari kushingaira kurwisa zvirwere zvinotapukira. Muchipatara tsika, gamma globulin inowanzoshandiswa. Zvimwe zvinodhaka zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona, dzinotungamirirwa neTetanus, inokonzerwa nenyuchi-encephalitis, fenza uye dzimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira.

Kunyanya kunzwa immunoglobulin inoshandiswa mukurapa kwe thrombocytopenic idiopathic purpura. Zvinodhaka zveboka iri zvinoshandiswa zvakagadziriswa. Chiito chikuru chinokonzerwa nema immunoglobulin akacheneswa, ayo anotarisirwa mukati. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti puroteni inopinda kamwe muropa uye haifaniri kupfuura nepakati pechirwere chemafuro emaputi.

Hemstatic drugs nekuda kwezvirwere zveropa

Hemistatic drug is fibrinogen, complex prothrombotic, cryoprecipitate. Izvozvo zvinosanganisira yakawanda yemasvomholic globulin (zvisingaiti - VIII-factor coagulation) uye von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen uye fibrin-stabilizing XIII-factor, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinopesera zvinopurota. Iyi mishonga yekurapa ropa inowanika muhomwe yepurasitiki, inoputika muome yakaomeswa kana yechando. Iyo inoshandiswa kune zvirwere zve von von Willebrand, haemophilia A nemamwe marudzi ekubuda ropa.

Ndeupi rudzi rwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa neropa zvinoshandiswa mukurwara kwechirwere mumwana achangoberekwa, hemophilia B, kudarika kweanticoagulants? Mune zviitiko izvi, chinetso cheprothrombosed (CSF kana PPSB) chinoshandiswa. Muchiitiko chekusavapo kwayo, plasma itsva inotonhora inotangwa.

Fibrinogen ine uwandu hushoma, inoshandiswa chete nokuda kweropa rinokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwe fibrinogen. Mune zviitiko zve hypofibrinogenemia, iyo inokonzerwa nechirwere cheprombohemorrhagic, kushandiswa kwemapurotini asina ruvara kunoitwa nemaplasma matsva. Utunha hweFinrinogen hauna kuenzaniswa nemafungiro emagetsi uye unogona kugoverwa muropa, uye izvi zvinogona kuwedzera kukuvadza uye kuporesa kusakwana. Kuti uwane kukwana kwechikamu chino, zviri nani kushandisa plasma.

Hemostatic agents anoshandiswa pamusoro

Nokudaro, michina yeropa inowanikwa zvikuru kunyanya mukati, kunyange zvazvo pane boka rehaemostatic agents rinoshandiswa pamusoro - apo kubuda kweropa kunomira, izvo zvinogona kuitika panguva yekuvhiyiwa. Nzira dzakadaro dzinosanganisira hemostatic sponge, fibrin film, thrombin, antiseptic biological tampon nevamwe. Thrombin ine basa rinokosha. Iyo inokonzera kuumbwa kwemachira akavhiringidza chiedza chemitsipa yeropa panzvimbo dzekubuda ropa. Iyo inoshanda zvikuru kushandisa haemostatic zvinoreva hemostasis apo zvisikwa zvenhengo dzomukati dzinoparadza.

Masiponji ane mafaro uye mafirimu zvichienderana nemichina yavo inoshandiswa kwete kungosiya kubuda ropa. Semapurasitiki, vakawana kushanda mukurapa trophic ulcers, kupisa. Mukuvhiya, fibrin mafirimu anoshandiswa kubudirira kuti atsive kushayikwa kwemasara ekugara.

Mukuwedzera kune zvinodhaka zvinodarika, pane izvo zvinokurudzira uye zvinopesana nemaronda epamusoro. Izvi zvinosanganisira biostimulant "Polybiolin" uye "Erigem."

Zvirwere zvemitsipa yeropa

Mamiriro ezvinhu epamusoro emidziyo anomuka mumamiriro ezvinhu ekurasikirwa kwekushandura kwepamusoro apo paanova akaoma kana kuenzaniswa nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kwemabhongi mavari. Zvirwere zvinotevera zvinoitika: migraine, atherosclerosis, iyo inogona kukonzera chirwere, vegetative-vascular dystonia. Pasinei nezera, nekurasikirwa kwekusimbiswa kwemidziyo nekuvhara kwavo, murwere anowana zviratidzo zvinotevera:

• Kusakanganiswa kwekuyeuka nekuita kwepfungwa;
• Kurara kukanganisika;
• Kuwedzera kwekuora mwoyo, kuora kwehupenyu;
• Unhu hwemakumbo;
• Kunyanya kuneta;
• Kuramba mutsivi.

Uyewo, zvinokonzera kushanda zvisina kunaka kwemidziyo kunogona kukuvara kwepamuviri uye cervical osteochondrosis. Muchiitiko ichi, vertebral artery inopa huropi inogona kukuvara. Kutanga iwe unoda kuwana uye kubvisa chinokonzera, ndiko kuti, kubata mushonga wepamusoro, uye zvino watotanga kupinda mumitsipa yeropa: mishonga inongogadzirisa zviratidzo zvinorwadza kwenguva pfupi.

Kugadzirira kwemidziyo yeropa

Zvinodhaka zvekurapa mitsipa yeropa yemwoyo uye uropi zvakasiyana, zvose zvinoenderana neshoko rekuita. Chimwe nechimwe chine mararamiro ayo. Iboka rinonyanyozivikanwa remishonga ndeyodhidhi yekuvandudza kupararira kwemawere, vasodilation. Vanoparadzanisa mishonga yakadaro mumapoka matatu:

• Myotropic (ramba uchinatsa musikana) - iyi "Dibazol", "Eufillin";
• Neurotropic (zvinoitika pamasero emagetsi) - "Reserpine", "Validol";
• Nitrates (kusanganiswa kwemirairo miviri yekuita) ndiyo "Nitrosorbite", "Nitroglycerin".

Zvichienderana nemigumisiro uye kugadzirwa, mapoka akawanda anozivikanwa:

• Calcium blockers. Calcium ions, iyo inoita kuti midziyo iwedzere kuoma, yakaoma uye inokonzera kusagadzikana. Kunyanya, mishonga iyi yekuvandudza cerebral circulation. Nehosha yemwoyo, haigoni kushandiswa. Calcium blockers inoshandiswa kuva zvizvarwa zvitatu. Chokutanga chakavakirwa pamatatu makuru (nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem). Chizvarwa chechipiri chinosanganisira zvinodhaka "Clentiazem", "Tiapamil", "Nimodipine". Uye wechitatu ndeye "Amlodipin", "Norvask". Zvakanakira zvekupedzisira ndezvokuti vane zvishoma zvingava nemigumisiro, vanoita zvisarudzo uye vanowedzera.
• Mishonga pamiti yemiti. Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya ndezvishoma zvisinganzwisisiki nemigumisiro. Bvisa mararamiro. Kuvandudza kuteura ropa.
• Kugadzirira rine nicotinic acid , kubatsira kuderedza cholesterol muropa, kuderedza dambudziko rekuisa mavara. Zvisingabatsiri maererano nemidziyo mikuru, zvinokanganisa zviduku. Iyi mishonga inofanirwa kutorwa chete sezvinorayirwa nachiremba mune zvakaoma kurapwa, sezvo vane marwadzo akaipa pachiropa (nicotinic acid, Enduratin).
• Mishonga yemwoyo. Mishonga yakadaro inovandudza utano hwehuropi uye panguva imwe chete inosimudzira basa remidziyo yekodonary yemwoyo. Yakagadzirwa maererano neshizha yemupata, foxglove, gorizveta ("Amrinoni", "Cardiolenum", "Adoniside").

Mamwe madhiragi ekurapa zvirwere zveropa

Iyo mishonga inobva shuga muropa ndiyo chikamu chinokosha chekurapa kwechirwere sechikamu chezvikamu zvezvinhu zvinoitwa mukurapwa kwechirwere cheshuga mellitus. Havasi vanhu vose vanogona kuchengetedza hutachiona hwemashuga eropa, zvichienderana nekudya kwakakodzera uye kuita muviri muviri.

Vaya vane chirwere cheshuga vane mhirizhonga vanotomwa kutora mishonga yakatemwa inoderedza shuga yeropa. Chiremba anonyatsotsanangura nzira yekurapa uye yakaenzana nero. Shuga kuderedza zvinodhaka zvakapatsanurwa kuva mapoka matatu:

• Mishonga inobatsira kugadzirwa kwe insulin pancreas.
• Mishonga inowedzera kukanganisa kune insulin.
• Mishonga inoderedza kudyiwa kwemakhahydrates.

Mishonga inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiyo boka rokutanga, iro rinowedzera kubudiswa kwe insulini nepascreas, iyo inotungamirira ku kuderera kwemazinga ega shuga. Izvi zvinosanganisira "Amarin", "Maninil", "Novonorm", "Chirwere cheshuga". Iyi mishonga inofanira kurongerwa chete nachiremba. Chimwe nechimwe mhuka chakasiyana, vanhu vanoita zvakasiyana. Vamwe havanzwi sechirwere chekurapa, shuga yeropa inoramba iri pamwero wakafanana. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, chiremba anofanira kuongororazve kurapwa uye kuronga mamwe mishonga kana kuchinja muyero.

Kugadzirira kwesimbi kune ropa. Kana paine kushaya kwesimbi muropa, zvakakwana hemoglobin haigoni kuumba, uye izvi zvinokanganisa kushandiswa kwemhepo yakabva mumapapu kuburikidza ne erythrocytes kusvika kumatumbu ose. Iko kunouya nzara ye okisijeni. Chigumisiro cheiyi chirwere chekushaya ropa. Mazuva ano kuwedzerwa ropa-kuwedzerwa kwemishonga kunoshandiswa kuporesa chirwere chekushaya ropa, mune mune zvakagadziriswa chiyero chakakosha chesimbi, icho chinokwanisa kudzorera zvakakwana hematopoiesis. Nekumwa kwezvokudya hazvibviri kukwanisa kuitika kwakadaro nokukurumidza. Mushonga wemishonga wesimbi unopfuura kudarika kuenzaniswa kwemaitiro ezuva nezuva emuviri nemuviri kanomwe. Saka kuedza kuzadza simbi mumamiriro ezvinhu anorwadza chete nekubatsira kwezvigadzirwa zvinobatsira hazvizobvumiri mhinduro dzinodiwa. Tinoda mishonga inokosha.

1. Inoreva, iyo ine ferrous iron iyo yakashandiswa sulfate salt ine vitamini, iyo inogona kuvandudza kushandiswa uye kunwa kwezvinhu zvinoda. Mishonga inonyanyozivikanwa:

• Matethe "Tardiferron", "Sorbifer durules";
• Capsules "Ferrofolgamma", "Ferretab", "Fenyuls";
• Kwavana capsules, sirasi, madonhwe "Aktiferrin";
• Kusanganiswa mukugadzirisa kwesimbi, manganese uye zinc gluconate - "Totem";
• Dragee "Hemofer";
• Zvose zvinoshandiswa zvinobatsira kubata "Hematogen".

2. Mishonga ine mhando yakawanda yesimbi. Iyo yakagadziriswa yegadziriro yakadaro kushandiswa kwesimbi mukati me polymalthosate hydroxide:

• Mapiritsi "Ferrum Lek", "Maltofer", "Biofer";
• Sirasi, sarudzo, madonhwe "Fenyuls", "Maltofer", "Ferlatum";
• Zvigadziriswa zvekutonga kwemashure "Ferrum Lek", "Maltofer", "Argeferr", "Venofer", "Cosmofer".

Injisheni inoshandiswa kana murwere ane zvirwere zvepamuviri yemakumbo, zvipembenene zviduku zviduku, pamwe nemajekiseni zvinoratidzwa nekurasikirwa kweropa guru. Nenzira inopinza yekutungamirira, thrombophlebitis inogoneka.