Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvemiti. Mutemo weHurumende yeRussian Federation nezvezvinhu zvinokosha zvekudya

Nharaunda dzakakosha dzezvikwata ndezvaya dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pevanhu. Pamusoro pehutano hwematongerwo enyika, kwete chete mazita avo anosimbiswa, asiwo maitiro emitengo. Zvichipiwa nguva dzose kuchinja mifananidzo yevanhu, urongwa hwezvinhu zvinogona kukura uye zvishoma.

Izvo zvakanyorwa ndezvipi?

Nyora, iyo inosanganisira zvinhu zvakakosha zvemagariro evanhu, yakasikwa pahurumende uye inogadziriswa mumutemo. Urongwa urwu hwakagadzirwa muna 2010. Kubvira ipapo, zvimwe zvinhu zvakawedzerwa kwazviri. Kunyange zvakadaro, kune vakawanda vatengi, mubvunzo wekuti matanho akadaro akaiswa sei anoramba akazaruka.

Iri basa rinogoverwa kumagariro evanhu. Kuongororwa kunoitwa pane zvipi zvinowanikwa zvakanyanya kudiwa mumisika, mumashambagitari nezvimwe zvivako. Somugumisiro, rimwe runyorwa rwuri kuitwa, runosanganisira zvinhu zvinokosha zvevanhu. Basa rehurumende nderekuita kuti chikwata chezvinhu zvive nyore kusvika kune zvikamu zvehuwandu hwevanhu sezvinobvira kuburikidza nemitengo yekudzivirira.

Zvinonyanya kukosha zvematongerwo enyika: list

Pamusoro pehutano hwematongerwo enyika, urongwa hwezvinhu hunoonekwa, mutengo uye hutano hwahwo huri pasi pekucherechedza. Aya ndiwo maitiro anokosha evanhu. Nyora uye maitiro anopiwa mu tafura iri pasi apa.

Inouya kuchinja

Nhamba yezvinhu zvakakosha zvemagariro zvinoramba zvichichinja. Mamwe mazita anonyangarika kubva pakurongwa, asi vamwe vanozadza zvakare. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, ushumiri hweZvesheni neHurumende hwave huchifunga nezvekukwira kwemutengo wekofi. Tichifunga kuti kubhadhara kwakakwira zvakanyanya mumutengo, kumushandi wekupedzisira mari inowedzera ne40% pagore. Nokudaro, kune zvigadziro zvekuita chigadzirwa ichi pane urongwa hwemamwe makuru evanhu kuitira kuti tikwanise kupisa mutengo kana zvichiitika kukura kwayo kusingadzorwi.

Mitengo yemiganhu inokosha yevanhu

Basa rinokosha zvikuru rehurumende ndeyekugadzirwa kwehutano hwekupa vanhu vagari nezvinhu zvinodhura uye zvakakwirira. Chiratidzo chikuru chinotarisa kudya kwekukosha kwevanhu mumutengo. Maererano nevekupedzisira kuongorora tsvakurudzo, mamiriro ezvinhu pamusika ndeaya anotevera.

Zvishoma pamusoro pemari

Zvisinganzwisisiki, mubvunzo wekutengesa kwezvinhu zvinokosha zvekudya zvemagariro evanhu zvichiri kuzaruka. Kunyange zvakadaro, Hurumende yeHurumende inogadza zvimwe zvipingamupinyi. Saka, kana mukati memwedzi mutengo weboka rimwe rezvigadzirwa rinokura ne30% kana kupfuura, zviremera zvinogona kuzviisa mumazuva makumi mapfumbamwe munharaunda yeRF yose kana nzvimbo yakasiyana. Munguva iyi, imwe nyanzvi yekuongorora ichaitwa kuitira kuti ione zvikonzero zvakakosha zvekuwedzera uku mumatengo.

Perspective solutions

Nyaya yehurumende yekugadzirisa mitengo yakasimudzwa kazhinji, asi hapasisina mhinduro imwechete pamusoro peiyi nyaya. Pane chikonzero chekutenda kuti hapachazovi nedenga pamusoro pemitengo yezvigadzirwa zvevanhu. Chiratidzo-up chinogona kunge chiri chinhu chikuru chekudzivirira. Zvichienderana nechikamu chezvinhu, zvinogona kusiyana kubva pa20 kusvika ku30%. Izvo hazvisi pachena, ichashanda kumutengo wemuiti kana kuwedzerwa kweuwandu.

Kuenderera mberi kubva pamutemo "Pamusoro penheyo dzemitemo yehurumende yekutengeserana mabasa," tinogona kutaura kuti, zvichida, zvigadziriswa pachiratidzo-up zvichaiswa pamigadzirwa yemumwe muumbi. Panguva imwecheteyo, chikamu chayo chemusika chinofanira kunge chaive ne15%. Inorongwa kuunza mutemo wehurumende kwemazuva 180.

Zvimwe Zvingaita Zvingakwanisi

Vaverengi vanoverengeka vanoratidzira kugadzirisa Federal Law "Pamusoro peBasics of State Regulations of Trade Practice muRussia Federation." Maererano navo, huwandu hwekugadziriswa kwezvokudya zvezvinhu zvinokosha hazvifaniri kudarika 15%. Muitiro wekudzivirira mari yevamwe mapoka emagetsi yakapararira munyika. Zvirongwa zvakadaro zvakabudirira kushanda muAustria, Norway, Denmark nedzimwe nyika.

Kusavapo kwemaitiro akadaro mumusika wemisika kunotungamirira kukuti kuve-chiratidzo kunowanzosvika 50%, uye mune dzimwe nguva inosvika 100%. Nokufananidza, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mu EU iyi nhamba haisi yakakwirira kupfuura 25%. Uye kuti mutengi aive nechokwadi chokuti akanga asiri kunyengedzwa, zvakarongerwa kuti mutengesi wokupedzisira anofanira kudiwa kuti aratidze mutengo wokutenga uri pedyo nemutengo wezvinhu.

Pfungwa yevatengesi

Vashandi vezvemabhizimisi vane nheyo dzakasimba kune zviremera. Ndizvo, mukuedza kugadzirisa mutengo wemamwe marudzi ezvigadzirwa zvekudya, vakuru vakuru vari kuronga nyaya yacho zvakanyanya. Saka, kuwedzera nguva dzose mumutengo wemafuta nemagetsi hazvibvunzwi. Uye munyaya iyi, vatengesi vanofunga kutanga kutanga kushandisa simba rezvematongerwo enyika pamakambani emagetsi. Izvi zvinobvumira vatengesi kuti vawane purogiramu yakawanda nechepakati.

Maonero evanhu vose

Kuwanda kwevanhu veRussian Federation vairarama munguva dzeU.SR, apo mahofisi makuru ekutengeserana aive 12%, uye kana yaiva yezvinhu zvakakosha zvevanhu, 8%. Icho chinonzwisisika kunoramba kuchiwedzera kusagutsikana nekozvino kukosha kwezvokudya zvekudya. Panyaya iyi, webhusaiti ye "Russian Public Initiative" yakatumirwa zvinotevera kurongedza maranho ekutengeserana.

Dambudziko guru

Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, zvinhu zvakakosha zvemagariro zvinofanira kunge zvichiwanikwa kune zvikamu zvose zvevanhu. Izvi zvinoreva kuiswa kwechigadziro chemari uye kuenderera mberi kwekucherechedza kwekuchengeta kwayo. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti kuti zvigone kushandiswa pane dzimwe nguva zvakakosha kubhadhara kwehutano. Pamashefu ezvitoro zvinhu zvakawanda, izvo zvinoratidza kuti hazvina kukodzera kudyiwa. Uye izvi pasinei nekuti kune zvimwe zvikamu zvezvigadzirwa, hurumende yehurumende kune chikamu chemari yekutengeswa. Nokudaro, inova mubvunzo kwete chete kwekutengesa kwekutengesa, asiwo yekuenderera mberi kwehuwandu hwekutarisa.

Zvisizvo-zvigadzirwa zvezvokudya

Pasinei nekukosha kwekutarisira mitengo yezvokudya, usakanganwa nezvebasa rezvisiri izvo zvekudya. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura (kusvikira mutemo wakagadziriswa), zvinhu zvakadaro zvezvemari zvaionekwa sezvakakosha mune zvevanhu:

• Toilet soap;
• Laundry soap;
• Synthetic detergents;
• Manyorero emasuo;
• Mabhanji emeno;
• Kuveza zviyo;
• Zvinyorwa (zvinyorwa zvebhokisi, mapenski nemabhuku);
• Kugadzira zvishandiso (yarn uye sindano);
• Chiedza chekuwedzera (kusvika ku60 W);
• Bed linen;
• Zvipfeko.

Maitiro asina kunaka

Mitengo yezvinhu zvakakosha zvemagariro iri kukura zvishoma. Zvichipa kushayikwa kwehutano hwekugadzirisa hutano, zvakakosha kucherechedza zvinotevera zvisingaiti:

• Kutenga kwe substandard uye zvinyengeri;
• Kudzorerwa kwemishonga yemombe nezvinhu zvakaderedzwa zvakatengeswa mumiti;
• Kuda kwevagari vevanhu kuchengetedza, izvo zvinotungamirira kumagariro anoramba ari mune zvemari.

Mhedziso

Panguva ino, dambudziko rezvigadzirwa zvemagariro evanhu harina kunyatsotsanangurwa nehurumende. Pasinei nokuti iyo yakarongwa inoratidzirwa pamwero wepamutemo, hapana maitiro chaiwo ekugadzirisa kudhura kwemari. Panguva ino, zvinhu zvose zviri padanho rezvikwereti uye zvirongwa zvevanhu. Pamusoro peiyi nyaya, zvakakosha kuongorora nhoroondo dzepasi rose. Mukuwedzera, usakanganwa kuti kana uchisimudzira mitemo, zvinodiwa kwete kwete chete kumushandisa, asiwo mabhizimisi, anofanira kutorwa.