Zvinoita kuti kuonana vatorwa? Taitakura ipapo vatorwa Panyika?

Kudzoka muma1960, kuedza kwekutanga kwakagadzirwa kuti vasvike kune vatorwa vachishandisa michina yepamusoro. Ipapo imwe nyanzvi yezvidzidzo zveparedzi ainzi Frank Drake, mune tariro yekubata chiratidzo kubva kune vatorwa, akatumira terevhicheni redhiyo kune nyeredzi mbiri dzakaita sezuva. Iko iri kure nemakore gumi nemanomwe kubva pasi redu. Ichi chiedza hachina kubereka zvibereko. Zvisinei, muhafu yehafu yemakore, kunyange zvazvo tisingatauri nevatorwa, takadzidza zvishoma pamusoro pavo.

Pane hupenyu munzvimbo

Chokutanga, zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi zvinoratidza kuti hupenyu hwepasi redu hunogona kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa. Mishonga, kuchera methane, kurarama pasi pegungwa, mumatombo. Vanokwanisa kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu e-oksijeni-varombo, kunyange pamvura yakadzika. Inogona kuwanika kunyange muAntarctica, pasi pehafu yekilometer yechando, apo mamiriyoni emakore haana kupinda mukati mezuva. Kana zvipembenene izvi zvichikwanisa kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, zvingava zvine musoro kufunga kuti vangagona kutsungirira zvakashata kune mamwe mapuraneti.

Chechipiri, vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti mvura yemvura, iyo ndiyo chiratidzo chekuvapo kwehupenyu panyika, haisi paNyika chete. Semuenzaniso, Europe neGanymede (satellites yeJupiter) vanovanza pasi pemvura yakadzika-yakafukidzwa pamusoro pegungwa guru, izvo nenzira imwechete yakafanana nenyika. Tariro yakanaka yehupenyu inoratidzwa nemwedzi yakawanda yeSaturn. Titan, shanduro yakakurumbira uye yakakurumbira zvikuru yeSatan, ine chinyorwa chinoshamisa chemethane.

Chechitatu, masayendisiti akawana anopfuura 1,800 exoplanets kunze kwezuva. MuMilky Way, pangave pane mapuraneti ane chiuru. Zvose zvishanu pazviri zvinogona kufanana nenyika. Kana kunyange 1% yepurogiramu yose muMilky Way yakafanana nePasi, zviyero zvichave zvinoshamisa. Nokudaro, vatsvakurudzi vave vachitsvaga hupenyu munzvimbo.

Ko vatorwa vakauya panyika

Kune humwe humwe humwe humwe uchapupu hwekuti hupfumi hwekunze huri kutoshanyira nyika yedu munguva yekare. Dzimwe chokwadi hazvigoneki kutsanangura nechimwe chinhu.

Tora, somuenzaniso, "zvishamiso zvisingazivikanwi" zvakawanikwa nevanochera matongo. Kubva kwezvinhu izvi zvakajeka kuva munhu, asi makore avo anofungidzirwa mumazana emamiriyoni emakore. Munguva yekuvakwa kwebhiriji iyo inobatanidza Vladivostok neRussky Island, zvidimbu zvematare zvakawanikwa muhupamhi hwepasi, iyo makore makumi maviri nemazana mana emakore. Kuongororwa kwakaitwa mu laboratori kwakaratidza kuti ndezvenzira dzepamusoro-nzira dzakarurama. Asi ndiani aigona kuvaita panguva iyoyo?

Makuva eLilliputians, akawanikwa muna 1937 pamuganhu weTibet neChina, asi haasi kupa zororo kumasayendisiti. Pane imwe yematombo emakuva akanyorwa kuti kudonha kwakawira makore gumi nezviuru apfuura, asi ngarava yavo yakagumburwa, saka vaifanira kuramba vari panyika yedu. Zvichida, ndiyo ndiyo iyo yokutanga kuonana nevatorwa kwakaitika. Chero zvazviri, munzvimbo idzi kubva panguva iyoyo vanogara Lilliputians, avo vanokura havanopfuura 120 cm.Vanozviti vana vemadonho.

Chimwe chinoratidza kuti vatorwa vakashanyira Pasi ndiro Bhaibheri. MuBhuku reMuporofita Ezekieri, uye zvakare muTesitamente Yekare, maitiro eumhizha ayo ngirozi uye kunyange Mwari akashandisa kuburukira kuNyika zvinotsanangurwa. Zvechokwadi, izvi zvinokonzera kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pezvakabva kuna Mwari zvisikwa izvi, asi zvinotsigira maonero evatorwa vatotouya panyika yedu munguva yekare. Zvinogona kunge zvakadaro kuti vanhu vazhinji, kana kwete isu tose, tine mhuka inobva kunze kwenyika.

Saka, haugone kuisa mazita nevatorwa nevatorwa. Uchapupu hunoratidza kuti musangano navo unogona kuitika. Vanhu vari kugadzirira kugamuchira chiratidzo kubva munzvimbo. Nokuda kweizvi, kunyange purogiramu yakakonzerwa yakagadzirwa, iyo yatinozotaura ikozvino.

SETI Program

SETI iri zita rinowanzoitirwa zviitiko nemishonga inotarisirwa kuonana nekunze kwekutsvaga nekutsvaga hupfumi huri kunze kwenyika. Vatsvakurudzi vanoshanda mukati megurogiramu, vanorota chinhu chimwe: kubata chiratidzo chekusimudzira kubva kune vamiririri vekunzwisisa kwenyika vachiedza kukurukura nevanhu. Muna 1989 vakagamuchira purogiramu chaiyo yekutaurirana nevatorwa, iyo yakawedzerwa muna 2010.

Chii chaungaita kana UFO ikauya kuzokuonana newe? Vanoshamwaridzana nevatorwa, chokwadi, haigoni kuchengetwa chakavanzika. Zvisinei, zvakafanira kutevedzera mitemo inotevera yakagadzirwa naSETI:

• Uyo anoona chiratidzo chacho anofanira kutanga ave nechokwadi chekuti huri huchenjeri hwekunze, uye kwete ruzha rwevanhu kana rwemhuka, iyo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha;
• Asati aparidzira chigumisiro, uyo akagamuchira chiratidzo anosungirwa kuti anyeverane pakavanzika SETI vamiririri kuitira kuti vave nemukana wekusimbisa huripo uye kubatanidza kuedza kuidzidza;
• Uyo anowana anofanira kuzivisa UN General Secretariat uye International Astronomical Society;
• Chiratidzo chinofanira kupindurwa chete mushure mekutaurirana nemasangano enyika.

Vakawanda vekugara munzvimbo vakaedza kutanga kugarisana nevatorwa. Nhamo, kusvikira ikozvino mharidzo yose inoramba isina kupindurwa. Kutarisa nekunyanyisa kwezvizhinji zvemashoko aya, izvi zvakanaka, sezvo zvisingazivikanwi izvo vatorwa vachafunga nezvevanhu kana vakabata zviratidzo izvi. Tinokurudzira kuti uzive mazita anozivikanwa zvikuru uye asina kujairika ekugadzirisa kusangana nevatorwa.

Crop Circles

Panguva ino yazvino, kuonekwa kwemafashoni emagetsi ekugadzirwa kwemashizha muminda kunowanzotaurwa kune vaeni, asi pakutanga pakutanga vaitenda kuti nenzira iyi havasi vatorwa, uye vanhu vanoedza kupinda musangano dzisingazivikanwi. Nokudaro, Karl Friedrich Gauss, nyanzvi yezvidzidzo zvechiGermany anozivikanwa zvikuru yeGermany uyo akanga ane chido chakanyanyisa kune geodey, muna 1820 akasarudza: mharidzo inofanira kuonekwa kubva kune ziso regoni, kuitira kuti vatorwa vaverenge. Saka, nyanzvi yemasvomhu yakataura zvinotevera: zvakakosha kuderedza vazhinji veSiberia taiga. Inofanira kuumbwa semakakonduru makuru, wozoidyara ne rye.

Iyi haisi iyo nzira chete yekupinda mukutaura nevatorwa, yakataurwa naGauss. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti akagadzirawo chigadzirwa chakakosha chinopinza zviratidzo zvechiedza kwemarefu marefu. Inonzi helioscope. Basa rayo guru ndiro geodetic mizinga, asi nekubatsirwa kwemaziso emagetsi ezuva "baba ve mathematics" vakaedza kuisa mazita pakati pevatorwa uye pasi.

Makore makumi maviri gare gare, Josef von Littrow, nyanzvi yekudenga yeAustria iyo yaidavira kuti Mwedzi yaigara, yakarongerwa kugadzira mvura yakadzika makiromita makumi matatu muSahara Desert. Yakanga yakarongwa kuzadzwa nefosheni, uye usiku ichitsva moto, kuitira kuti vagari vemuMwedzi vatione. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti vose ava masayendisiti - vose Littrow naGauss - vaidavira kuti nhamba dzejometri ndiyo nzira yakakodzera yekuzivisa mharidzo kune vatorwa, nokuti nyika yose inoteerera mitemo yemasvomhu.

Kuchengetedza chiedza

Vatorwa vanogona sei kutaurirana nevanhu? Kukurukurirana, maererano naCharles Crowe, kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nechiedza chechiedza. Uyu mudetembi wechiFrench uye muumbi, akangoona mwenje usina simba pamusoro peVenus naMaric (ivo pamwe pamwe vaiva mamwe marudzi emamiriro ezvinhu emamiriro okunze), vakasarudza kuti iyi yakanga iri chiedza chemaguta akare. Muna 1867, Charles Croe akanyora "Mhedziso yekugona kuyanana nemapuraneti," uye makore maviri gare gare akashandisa kushandisa girazi remukati rekushandisa kuti "aunganidze" chiedza chemagetsi uye achienderera mberi kuenda kuVenus neMaric. Panguva imwecheteyo, sezvakaitwa nemutsvakurudzi uyu, mazai anofanirwa kunge achitsvaga, kuitira kuti rudzi rweMorse code runowanikwa.

Kro akatenda: vatorwa vachanzwisisa kuti iyi ndiyo mharidzo, kwete iyo nyeredzi inopenya. Zvisinei, mutsvakurudzi akahadzika kuti basa rakadaro rakaoma ringagadziriswa nezvioni zviduku. Nokudaro, akakumbira hurumende yeFrance kuisa guru guru rinoratidzira pane imwe nzvimbo murenje. Chikumbiro chemuumbi, nhamo, rakarambwa, saka Kro's poetic dream of contact with intelligent extraterrestrial haina kumboitika.

Mapiyona marekhodi

NASA mukutanga kwemazana makumi manomwe nemazana emakore ekupedzisira akapinda munzvimbo isina unmanned spacecraft, inozivikanwa se "Pioneer-10" uye "Pioneer-11." Pamberi pavo pakange pane basa rekudzidza Jupiter uye Saturn zvakatarisana. Zvisinei, ngarava idzi dzakasiyana nedzimwe dzakaoma zvekugadzira zvinhu. Pamakona avo pakanga pane mahwendefa asina kujairika akaitwa aluminium anodized. Chaiva chii?

Frank Drake naCarl Sagan, nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzakakurumbira, vaidavira kuti vaizobatsira vatorwa vachinzwisisa kuti nei uye nei "Vapiyona" vakasvika. Pamahwendefa akabatanidzwa nechikepe, denga rezuva rakarongedzwa zvigadziriswa, kureba kubva kuSuva kuenda kunyika yedu kunoratidzwa. Mukuwedzera, vairatidza maatomu e-hydrogen, murume uye mukadzi.

Zvinosuruvarisa, muna 2003, NASA yakarashika kubatana kwayo nechikepe "Pioneer-10", uye mumakore maviri uye ne "Pioneer-11". Saka, hatina kuziva kana vatorwa vaigona kunzwisisa mifananidzo iyi. Vanyengeri vachiri kukakavadzana pamusoro pekuti chiito ichi chaive chakakosha kutsvakurudza kwesayenzi kana kungoparadza mari. Zvichida vatorwa havasi mukukurumidza kuti vataure nesu.

Nzvimbo dzekutumira dzinotumirwa nevanhu dzine zvikanganiso zvakawanda. Inogona kuenzaniswa nekanguva capsules. Ngatimboyeukei, somuenzaniso, "crypt yehupfumi", iri muUnited States yeGeorgia (paYunivhesiti yeOlthothop). Iyi capsule ikamuri rakavharwa muna 1940. Mukati mawo pane zvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira script yemufirimu we "Gone with the Wind" uye kuvhara doro.

Crypta, zvechokwadi, yakagamuchirwa sechinhu chakakanganiswa netsika yezana remakore rechi20, rakanyorerwa kuvana vepasi. Asi iyo, semutauro we intergalactic, inopa pfungwa isina kunyatsojeka yezviitiko zvenguva. Yakarongwa kuzarurirwa mumakore 6100. Ko pasi pano re nguva idzodzo dziri kure rinonzwisisa firimu "Yakaenda Nemhepo" here?

Marek Kultis anotsanangura kuti kune vagari vemazuva ano vepasi pano hapana dambudziko mukududzira mifananidzo yezvirongwa zvemukadzi nemurume. Zvisinei, kana "Piyona" achienda kuvatorwa, vangangodaro vaifunga kuti munhu anongorongedza zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri (bvudzi, chiso, murume pectoral muscle, anomiririrwa mumufananidzo sevharidzirwa zvikamu zvakasiyana). Pasina kuziva pasi, munhu anogonawo kufunga kuti anorarama pamusoro pezviwero izvi uye ndezvisikwa zvipenyu-nyoka (mitsetse yakazaruka inoreva mabvi, collarbone nedumbu).

Mharidzo Arecibo

Panenge panguva imwe chete sekutangwa kweVapiyona, nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzakakurukura dzichikurukura mubvunzo wekuti kana zvichibvira here kuti tibatane neanogara mutorwa uchishandisa zviratidzo zveredhiyo. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti hazvisi izvo zvakasununguka guruva re cosmic sechiedza. Mukuwedzera, zviratidzo zveredhiyo zvine nguva yakareba. Ndizvo zvakafanana Sagan naDhaake vakauya nemashoko ane mapeji 1679. Mariri vakanyora chidimbu cheDNA, pamwe chete nenhamba dzeatomu dze hydrogen, oksijeni nezvimwe zvinhu. Mukuwedzera, shoko racho rine nhamba kubva ku1 kusvika ku10 mumutambo wemabhinari.

Masayendisiti November 16, 1974 akatapurwa kubva kuArecibo Observatory, iri muPuerto Rico, chiratidzo cheredhiyo chinosvika masekondi 169. Vakatitumira kune chinhambwe chemasumbu eredzi M13, iri kure nemakore anenge 25 000 ekuyera kubva pasi redu. Zvinotarisa kuti kunyange kana vamiririri vekuchenjera kwekunze vachigamuchira, kuonana kwokutanga nevatorwa kuchaitika munenge mumakore makumi mana emakore.

Ndarama yepafa

Sangano reAmerican Space muna 1977 rakaronga mamwe maviri maitiro, basa raive rokudzidza mapuraneti ari kure enyika yedu yezuva. Idzi ndidzo Voyager 1 uye Voyager 2 motokari. Mumwe nomumwe wavo akanga akashongedzerwa neketani yegoridhe, iyo mimhanzi, mitauro yakasiyana-siyana, mhando dzezvinhu zvakasikwa, pamwe nemifananidzo inoratidza kuti nyika yakanyorwa. Zvose zvakafanana naCarl Sagan panguva ino yakauya nekunyora pamazamu e-aluminium aya mahwendefa ekugadzirisa tsono kuitira kuti vatorwa vagone kubereka. Uyezve, murayiridzo wakapiwa kuchinja mavhidhiyo evhidhiyo kumufananidzo. Mukuwedzera, zvakaratidzwa pamhanyi aya mahwendefa aya aifanira kutamba.

Nhasi, zvose izvi zvigadzirwa zvakamhanyira kumucheto kwezuva. Ndizvo zviri kure kwazvo kubva pasi zvezvinhu zvepasi. Zvose izvi zvigadziri zvichitumira zviratidzo kunyika yedu, asi isu hatina kugamuchira mhinduro kubva munzvimbo.

"Space call"

Zaytsev Arkady Leonidovich, imwe nyanzvi yeRussia inodzidza radar ye asteroids, yakauya nenzira yake yekutaura nebudisi vemazuva ano. Akatotumira zvinyorwa zvemashoko mashanu, pakati payo panewo mazita akawanda epamapeji. Muna 1999, akatumira "nhare yekutanga" mumugariro we "Project Contact", yakagadzirwa nehurumende. Iyi "kudana" yakataurirwa kune nyeredzi ina kamwechete. Rhepfenyuro yeRadio Zaytsev raiva nemapeji akawanda uye raiva nebwe reRosetta. Saka vafologist vanodana bitmap, iyo inopa encyclopedia ye ruzivo pamusoro penyika inotitenderedza, yevanhu.

Muna 2003, yechipiri "nzvimbo yekudana" yakakandwa. Nezvakanyorwa, zvaive zvakangofanana neyokutanga, asi yakanga ine ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro pevanhu pachavo. Zvose mharidzo yekutanga neyechipiri yakatumirwa kushandiswa kweparadhiso yenyika iri muEvpatoria (Ukraine). Zvinosuruvarisa, kumubvunzo wekuti kune here kusangana nevatorwa, Arkady Leonidovich achiri kukamanikidzwa kupindura zvisina kunaka. Asi zvinokwanisika kuti mharidzo ichasvika kumatareji.

Nenzira, Zaitsev haana kuzviisa kune izvozvi pamusoro, achiedza kunzwisisa kuti angapindira sei kune vatorwa. Akauya neainotevera: pamwe chete neboka kuti atumire imwe mhepfenyuro mumhepo, iyo yakaitwa naye muna 2001. Kuti aite basa iri, akakwevera vana vechikoro kubva kuMoscow, Voronezh, Kaluga uye Zheleznogorsk. Panguva ino zvinyorwa zvemashoko zvaive nyore. Panzvimbo yemathematics nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaoma, zvakanga zvakave: vana vekuchikoro vakabatsira sainzi kutora mimhanzi yezvokugara kune dzimwe nyika, uye akatumira rhepfenyuro kuBi Big Dipper, uye kune dzimwe nyeredzi shanu dzine maitiro ezuva. Saka rini ruchabatana nevatorwa ruchaitika? Kana tisiri wega muzvinhu zvose, "varume vemavara" muna 2047 vachakwanisa kufarira mabasa aVivaldi, Beethoven naGershwin.

Advertisement Doritos

EISCAT - Research Institute, iyo muna 2008 yakasiyana nemabasa akawanda. Kwemaawa matanhatu, sangano iri rinozivisa kuparidzirwa kwaDoritos kuchipinda munzvimbo. Zvinonakidza kuti chinangwa chikuru chemugadziro mukuru uyu ndechekukwezva kwete kwevatorwa, asi yepasi. Ichokwadi ndechokuti sangano reEuropean rezvesayenzi rakanyanyisa kupera nekubhadhara mari, nekuda kwezvaida mari yakawanda.

Broadcast advertising yakagadzirwa nenzira ye MPEG-code uye yakaitwa nekubatsira radar. Vakatarisana nevateereri vekuzivisa iyi vaiva vanogona vagari vomuGalaxy yakareba iri mumakwikwi eUrsa Major, iyo inongopfuura makore makumi maviri nembiri kubva pasi redu. Hazvizivikanwi kuti vatorwa vachaita sei nechishuwo ichi. Verengana, nhoroondo dzezvokuona uye maonero evasayendisiti havatauri mhinduro dzisinganzwisisiki kumubvunzo uyu. Vamiririri vehupfumi hwekune dzimwe nyika vanogara vasingazivikanwi kwatiri.

Mifananidzo Yemazuva Ekupedzisira

Sezvo kuguma kwenyika, kunotarisirwa muna 2012, haana kutora nzvimbo, zita "Latest Photos" nhasi rinonzwika hazvishandi. shoko iri yepasi pose ari Kamudzira nemifananidzo redu navageremo. Iye Pari vofamba muchadenga. The Kamudzira akatumwa muchadenga nechinangwa kuwana vatorwa uye kuvaudza kuvapo kwedu, kana kuti zvimwe chikonzero upenyu Panyika nokusingaperi terminates.

Artist Trevor Paglen ndiye munyori uyu anonakidza chirongwa. He zvinobudirira akatora mukana mufaro akamuka vakakomba Apocalypse, kuti aratidze nyika mifananidzo akaita. Tinofanira kubhadhara mutero Paglenu - mabasa ake anonaka. Zvaimirira yose upenyu hwevanhu. Mumakore mashanu, kuti mifananidzo akarangana akanakisisa masayendisiti uye vazivi nguva yedu, kuti sezvazviri chaizvo mifananidzo zvinobvira. Paglen ipapo uzvipise kune chaiwo Ultra-arşive dhisiki, uye akatuma muchadenga.

telepathy

Kuedza kumisa kuonana vatorwa zvinowa- kwakavakirwa kushandisa yepamusoro ruzivo. Kunyange zvakadaro, pane vanhu vanoti havana zvokushandisa kutaura sevatorwa. Mumwe wavo - Dr. Stiven Grir, zvakanakisisa rinozivikanwa vhidhiyo firimu "Sirius", yakatsaurirwa kuna vamiririri extraterrestrial njere. Stiven Grir anoziva sei kuti achitaura vatorwa. kakawanda pagore, boka iri revanhu achiunganidza vanozvipira, uye ipapo anovagamuchira yakavandika makona. Anovapa nokufungisisa purogiramu, izvo zvichipomerwa zvinobatanidzwa zvisikwa kubva muchadenga.

Chokwadi, hazviratidzi kuti zvechokwadi nevanhu vatorwa. Zvisinei, Greer anoti, kuti vanokwanisa kuumba kuonana vamiririri extraterrestrial dzomunyika. Panguva yepurogiramu idzi, vazvipiri vanoenda yakakwirira padanho pfungwa, zvokuti kunzwisisa kwete chete sei kuti uchikurukura vatorwa, asi kurangarira rokupedzisira kuberekwazve. Tinovimba Greer uye chikwata chake kamwe kwete kutyisidzira vamiririri extraterrestrial akachenjera, uyo chaizvoizvo kuda kukurukura nevanhu.