A chiedza inifanduri tangi T-18: waivako unhu, rwisana kushandiswa

Mukupera maviri remakore rechimakumi maviri akauya wokutanga Matangi Soviet, kusanganisira chiedza inifanduri tangi T-18 (MS-1), izvo yokutanga yakatanga munyika, inobva French FT-17 uye ayo Italian nadzurudzo. Name (lettering) inomira chete. Letter "T" anoreva chaiko shoko "tangi". T-18 - imwe indekisi apo eighteen - Serial nhamba dzakabudirira mhando. The wechipiri kwayo zita - MS-1 - mune zvinyorwa Soviet uyewo rikauya kazhinji anomirira "yakaderera yokuzvigadzirisa", chiverengero - iri indekisi ichiratidza muenzaniso yokutanga muchikoro ichi.

nyaya

The Civil War vakauya Red Army mikombe zhinji, pakati maiva White Guard Matangi kugadzirwa French. Ivo vainyatsoongorora uye kunyange asunungurwa dzimwe nguva panguva Sormovo fekitari, achidana pachake vana wayo, "Reno-Russian." Zvisinei, pane akatonga kuparadza nayo nematambudziko ezvoupfumi, asi nekuti nani nguva kugadzira Matangi aya yakanyikwa. Kunyanya kuti kare nevesangano kunzwisisa kuti muenzaniso uyu zviri nderechinyakare uye vanofanira kugadzirira hondo pamwe zviitiko itsva.

Kubvira muna 1925, izvi akatora vokutanga vagadziri Soviet. tangi kugadzira ruzivo, "Reno-Russian" Chokwadi, kufungwa nezvazvo. Kunze hondo Soviet-Polish vakauya imwe mukombe, izvo zvakabatsira kusika T-18. Yaiva Italian warrior motokari - Fiat-3000. Uye tangi ichi kwave akadzidza mukufamba kugadzirira michina mapepa kuti tangi T-18, unhu hwake hwakanakisisa vakanga rakumbirwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, pakupedzisira bvunzo prototypes Range kunoratidzwa kumbonyanya vazhinji zvose zvemarudzi kwokusakwana, kunyanya chassis uye injini. Nokudaro, T-16 akarambwa, nekuipira nyaya, uye muna 1927 kwakanga zvikuru kubudirira okunatsiridza - the T-18.

miedzo rakapera

Small perekedza mota kwakaedzwa muna June 1927. Miedzo vakabudirira, uye muna mangwanani July, chiedza tangi T-18 nevamwe Dzvuku Army. We akaitumidza MC-1, kureva, duku tangi rutsigiro. From February 1928 yakatanga ayo vakawanda kugadzira, riri mubasa fekitari "Bolshevik", uye akazosvika kusvikira pakuguma 1931.

Production proschadi akatora mutsva chiedza tangi - the T-26, rinova aida kutsigira inifanduri. Kwemakore ose aya (kubvira 1928 kusvika 1932) nayo akasunungurwa makopi kunyanya shoma muchina pakukura Soviet rokutanga - anenge chiuru, kuti munoreva - 959. The wokutanga tangi - the T-18 T-26 - akazadzisa basa rayo - kuva wokutanga. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakawana kunyange muminda Hondo Yenyika II.

Installation uye mashandiro

Matangi vokutanga uye zvose zvavo zvakagadzirwa kumboda wakange Chokwadi, akakweretwa kubva kune dzimwe vagadziri. Dunhu urongwa ane chaiwo hurongwa nguva. Kupatsanurwa injini uye giya rakanga riri shure Hull, uye paavhareji, pamberi mahofisi uye dzimba ari pashongwe akaisa kurapa tangi yayo zvombo.

Soviet tangi T-18 waisarayira dzakawanda vashandi mukurwisana naye kurarama vanhu vaviri: Mukuru - iye turret murwi - uye mutyairi. Yokupedzisira yakanga iri pakati muviri, uye museve wavarwi - ari Hull uye turret, shure mutyairi. Embarkation uye disembarkation yakaitwa kubudikidza tsotsonya howa-chivharo, achifumira pamusoro peshongwe, uye makanika aigona kushandisa uye bicuspid tsotsonya, yaiva pamusoro redzimba mberi.

chombo

Nadzo haana simba, zvinonzi zvakanaka kudzivirirwa kubva mabara (svikiro caliber pfuti) uye kubva maduku zvimedu, sezvo tangi yakazokudziridzwa panheyo kudzivirira bara. kuchengetedza fomu vachifambidzana Matangi panguva iyoyo aiva pamusoro zvakafanana: rakapinza danho, pasina chinhu rounding. Warrior muviri anoumbwa jira simbi gumi millimeters paukobvu, machira ose akanga riveted uye pakati pachavo uye pamatanda.

Aft bronelisty makamuisa pamatanda kubudikidza kukurova chete kuitira hunogona kungoparara kubviswa kana zvakakodzera. Pasi tangi uye padenga pakanga zvakasimbisa hafu zvishoma - ipapo yaishandiswa simbi jira millimeters asingasviki sere gobvu. Neshongwe akanga anenge dzose Hexagon chimiro. Kubvira 1930, aigovera kuti niche kumashure - kusvikira yemapurisa. Achigadzira turret dzokurwa machira gumi nezvitanhatu millimeters, asi denga dzakashandisa mhepo rinopamura haana - yaiva simbi haasi millimeters anopfuura mana. The frontal Chikamu neshongwe akanga pokunzvenga napo kuisa basa. Ball KUBEREKA akabvumira neshongwe kutendeukira, asi kuita izvozvo zvaigoneka chete manually, uye izvi zvaisanganisira tangi wavarwi.

nezvombo

Chero pre-hondo tangi, ane ano maonero, akanga havaratidzi akashongedzerwa. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo tangi Snap rakapfuura vazhinji vaaishanda navo kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Chokutanga, chikuru maoko T-18 aiva matatu namanomwe caliber pfuti Hotchkiss womuenzaniso ari ipapo yakataurwa P. Syachintovym pfuti Hotchkiss-MS. I akagadzawo nayo kurudyi kana kuruboshwe chiso reshongwe. Zvombo kwaisanganisira makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu zvombo, vakabva yakawedzera zana namakumi mana (Vakaunganidza zvombo ari kumashure - pachinzvimbo redhiyo).

Uyezve, uye ebetsero maoko, waimira sezvo pfuti Fedorov caliber 6.6 mm. Kazhinji aiwanzopiwa wokushanda maviri zvigwagwagwa uye vakanga kuiswa mune pfuti isina chiso shongwe. Vakavimba magazini bhokisi, umo maiva 1800 vaitenderera. Kunyange pashure pokunge 1935 zvigwagwagwa pamusoro T-18 kwakatsiviwa ne DT-29 (7.62). Rokutanga machira, ipapo mumwe nomumwe. The zvombo zvino 2016 round matatu namaviri disks.

injini

Powerplant zvemapapu tangi T-18 aiva mana sitiroko Inline mana humburumbira peturu injini Mikulino wakachenjera. Engine kutonhora aiva mhepo. simba rayo asingaiti kupfuudza-matatu namashanu horsepower.

Pashure 1930, huvandudzike injini aigona Svinai simba makumi mana, izvo wakakurumidza kufamba kwayo pamusoro huru (muganhu kumhanya ari tangi rakanga zvakawanda makumi maviri makiromita paawa!). Injini iri akagadzawo transversely injini-yedzimudzangara mupanda, ichi zvaiita kuti zvishoma kuderedza kureba Hull. Chinotsva matangi ari nhamba mbiri aiva Vhoriyamu zana negumi rose marita. Ivo inoiswa niches nadgusenichnyh.

kufamba

Kunyange zvakadaro, injini uye kupararira wokutanga Matangi Soviet zvidikanwi kupfuura akura nguva yaro. Light Transmission T-18 aiva zvokuimba mhando uye zvaisanganisira vezvikwata uye nzira:

1. huru chete-dhisiki batira, kushanda napavhu kukweshera.

2. matanho matatu Chinyorwa gearbox.

3. Slewing giya (bevel differential mhando).

4. Two tepi akamedura achishumira braking uye wekushanduka.

5. Vaviri-musara divi yedzimudzangara, midzi muna nomusimboti yacho nemotokari mavhiri.

chassis

Chassis tangi nokuti vaifamba rutsigiro zvaisanganisira pamativi ose sloths, kutyaira mavhiri, inotsigira namana Paarismängud rabha rollers ose dhayamita duku uye nhanhatu rubberized kaviri rutsigiro rollers. Pashure 1930, pamasikiro akaonekwa ari kumativi ose anotsigira rechina chinotenderera. Rear rollers chakavhara pamusoro Rockers maviri, yakaturikwa pamusoro kutwasuka cylindrical chitubu casings kudzivirirwa.

Front rutsigiro chinotenderera akanga akatasva yoga mhikuriso, chokuita mberi kuturika uye damping kurerekera chitubu. Steel zvitubu dzinewo pamberi rutsigiro rollers maviri kana matatu. Mazana zvakagadzirwa kubva kukandira simbi - makuru dzakabatana pamwechete kuroorana akatevedzana. Makumi mashanu-imwe rori raiva neimwe njanji, rori upamhi - millimeters mazana matatu.

Muhondo yokutanga

Light Matangi T-18 akasvika Red Army kare 1928, doukomplektovyvaya Army inifanduri vamapoka siyana nemauto ematunhu. Kubhabhatidzwa motokari itsva raiva kunetsana pamusoro Cer. In November 1929 zvakatanga Mishanfusskaya tsamwisa, izvo inifanduri edu anotsigirwa kamwe Matangi gumi T-18. Battle akanga pashure ane kufamba kunetesa, zvombo dzehondo akakundikana kupa kuipa, kunyange mepu yacho haina kuva varwi.

Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko Chinese nzvimbo vakarwiswa, uye hapana T-18 haana akarasika, kunyange kurwisa sangano iri zvifambe nemhanza Red Army pasina. Asi tangi hondo idzi kuva chakanakisisa bvunzo, dzakanga akazivisa zvakanaka kwete chete, asiwo zvazvakashatira muchina uyu. Huru zvikanganiso zvemapapu tangi T-18 vaizivikanwa pasi nokukurumidza kufamba uye shoma firepower. Asi nhamba, uye dzehondo uye kwematangi zarekomendavali zvakanaka, uye kurwisana pamusoro Cer akapa uchapupu.

The Great Patriotic War

Zvikuru vaneta uye zvakajeka yechinyakare T-18 Matangi akasangana Great Patriotic War. A duku chikamu kwavari vapinda basa tangi zviyero, uye vamwe zvakapiwa dzakavakirirwa nzvimbo. Panzerwaffe nehasha akagamuchira panyika nevaiita anenge kuzvidzivirira nokuda Matangi eSoviet. Mumwedzi iri hondo yokutanga anenge ose T-18 vakapiswa.

The wokupedzisira muchirumbidza kushandiswa navo muhondo dekabrom musi kubva 1941, apo ivo vaidzivirira Moscow: Mumwe mazana mashanu tangi bhurigedhi ane pfumbamwe michina T-18. Old zvakanaka chiedza Matangi kusvikira kumugumo mashanu vakashumira sezvo mira uye moto pfungwa sezvo nhare kuFar East. Dzimwe nguva chete akashandisa shongwe dzavo.

Sei T-18?

Mumakore pashure Civil War, Soviet Russia, sezvo yave akati, kukurira inotyisa kuparadza, zvakajeka zvakanga zvisiri kusvikira kugadzirwa matangi. Sezvatinorangarira, kudzorerwa uye kukura hwenyika achizoita nharo, saka, maererano nemakore maviri, tiri kutaura pamusoro vemauto zvombo mazuvaano. Muna 1926, sezvo isu munotoriziva, rakazoshandiswa mota rokuvaka chirongwa akagadzirirwa kwemakore matatu.

Program anopa shoma urongwa sangano Kurovedza kambani uye tangi rechiuto pamwe matangi, vaifamba, uye kusikwa kambani uye rechiuto vakapakata tankettes. Masvomhu zvinodiwa Vagadziri rimwe negumi navaviri Matangi neimwe mhando. Mushure Red Army Command musangano, GUVP uye O (pfuti-ARSENALNY Trust) akabvumirwa vakawanda kugadzirwa hakusi rinorema, anononoka-mhanya uye pachinzvimbo havaratidzi zvombo FT-17, uyewo zvinodhura. Vakundwa chiedza tangi inifanduri perekedza.

nezvemari

"Renault-Russian" Somuenzaniso, mutengo wacho ipapo rubles zviuru makumi matatu nezvitanhatu, uye aitofanira kupedza chete zviuru gumi chete tangi, sezvo zvachose zvekushandisa haana akapfuudza rubles mamiriyoni mashanu. Zvinofanira kuitwa pachena kuti panguva iyoyo Ruble Takauyira sekuda namambo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mari nhasi vaizova akaenzana vanenge miriyoni imwe emadhora. Ndizvo chirongwa-gore zvitatu maviri remakore rapfuura chete kugona kubata mari epfungwa.

Pane musiyano pakati mari Matangi ano panyaya motokari wekupedzisira remakore. T-90 yedu, somuenzaniso, Army kutenga rubles mamiriyoni manomwe mumwe Somuenzaniso. American "Abrams" zvichienderana shanduro rinotanga pa $ mamiriyoni 4,3. Zvisinei, kuita kuti mashoko T-18 hazvigoni kuenzaniswa T-90. basa rayo kukura Red Army airidza vokutanga Matangi Soviet, tinogona kutaura kwazvo.