A rushoma zvinoyerera iri kuputira: chirongwa panowanikwa kukwana buditsa

A kukwana iyeye ndiye wemagetsi kukangamwirwa kuti unowanikwa chikamu chiduku zviri kuputira apo yemagetsi munda simba akapfuudza yokuparara nesimba zvinhu. Inogona kuitika mune voids mukati yakasimba kuputira pamusoro pemvura insulating zvinhu mukati gasi matema iri mvura kuputira.

The zvinokonzera kukwana discharges

Maererano tsananguro nevamwe dzomunyika mitemo, kunonzi rushoma okuyerera yemagetsi okuyerera munharaunda Kukunda ari kuputira pamusoro penzvimbo chikamu chacho.

Izvi kunoitika nokuda ionization negasi kana emura dielectric uye kunogona kuitika panguva inowanikwa pakati vezvenhau maviri uye mukati kuputira. The chidzoke uye kubudirira kunoenderana mhando dielectric uye STRUCTURAL zvaidiwa chinhu woga. Rushoma discharges ari kuputira ndiwo mugumisiro pamberi inhomogeneities marongerwo uye dielectric zvechadenga voltage kuita pairi. inhomogeneities kwakadaro kungava tsvina siyana uye kusvibiswa, gasi in, ichinyongovedza mapazi. urema vakadaro yakaumbwa muna kuputira mamiriro, kazhinji zvichikonzerwa nenyonganiso acho ayo gadzira uye panguva nokushanda midziyo (nokupesvedzera zvokuimba kunetseka kugozha, vibration).

Chii treeing wavo inotungamirwa ari maumbirwo insulating zvinhu

The insulating zvinhu aripo pane vakaumba mhango muti maumbirwo - treeing. Mapazi kuva treeing kukwana discharges. Pasi pokudzora wemagetsi munda uye discharges treeing kuwedzera kukura uye uwandu, nokudaro dzekugonesa ukuru kudzikisirana pasi polymeric zvinhu. The dendrites vane wakawedzera conductivity uye kungaita kuti mberi kuparadzwa dielectric.

Sezvo panowanikwa zvishomanana zvinoyerera iri gaseous svikiro kunoda voltage kuvatumwa kuti ndozvinoitawo iri mvura kana rakasimba vatorwa nyaya, kuvapo urema kudaro kuputira zvinogona kukonzera kupfuura fungidzira kuti kutanga pakakuvara mashoko. Izvi imhaka ndechokuti mhango vakazadzwa gasi, yemagetsi munda simba riri kupfuura mugove yakasimba kana mvura uye nesimba dielectric pamusoro gaseous svikiro ane ukoshi hwakaderera kupfuura kuputira hacho.

mhando treeing

Electrical treeing mavambo kuumbwa pamusoro dzokupisa AC kupomba voltage, uyewo kumusoro chaizvo tsika dzayo. In oparesheni, tsika ndidzo midziyo regai kukonzera pakarepo Kuparara kuputira, asi anogona kutsamwisa ionization zviri gasi iri hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka. Kana mamiriro kwemashoko haisi zvakakwana guru kuti ukuru in, dendrites vanogona kukura pazera refu.

Kuvapo matema vawedzere saizi kunotungamirira haasaruri discharges panguva nokushanda waya panguva yavose sezvavakatarirwa voltage.

Water treeing akaumba uchikurukura mwando mukati kuputira nokuda diffusion kuburikidza kana microcracks ari acho.

Kana mwando condensation ari inclusions, dendrites vari kuumbwa, pashure iyo vanotanga nokukurumidza inotungamirwa dzavo uye kukura nokuda chimiro zvimwe voids. Izvi zvinotisvitsa vasanyanye simba dielectric uye Kuparara waya.

Huru zvikonzero kudzikisirana woga vanosanganisira vose zvemagetsi kukwegura nokuda haasaruri discharges zvichiitika inclusions overvoltage mu chezita uchishandisa muoti, uye chafariz kuchembera zviri.

Pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu haasaruri okuyerera muitiro atanga kuputira kukundikana, kukura njodzi nzvimbo inowedzerawo.

Conditions nokuti panowanikwa haasaruri discharges kuvimba Maumbirwe remagetsi munda insulating marongerwo uye nemagetsi zvivako zviri chaizvo makirisito zvinhu.

Mienzaniso discharges havawanzodi anonamata kuburikidza kuputira Kuparara, asi kukonzera kuchinja dielectric yakarongeka, uye zvakakwana refu uchishandisa hurongwa kungaita nokuparara kubudikidza kuputira rukoko. chitarisiko yavo nguva dzose anoratidza yomunharaunda dielectric inhomogeneities. Features PD zvakanaka zvakakwana kuti isu kuzotonga mwero Kusakwana insulating mamiriro.

The ngozi huru ivo kupa nokuti midziyo pamwe AC uye kufamba kweropa voltage.

Physical mananara vachifambidzana haasaruri discharges vari voga

Overheating zvinoisa kuputira mhanyisa kuparadzwa yaro kuwedzera pfungwa panguva iyo pane urema itsva zvichitungamirira nokuwedzera nhamba uye bhuku dendrites. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuwedzera kusungika munzvimbo yeminda.

The haasaruri yemagetsi zvinoyerera ane pamusoro kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye zvazviri, uye anoparadza mhosva nezvimedu ayo uye mishonga vanoshingaira zvigadzirwa vakaumba somugumisiro pakuyerera.

Uyezve, haasaruri kubuda hunokonzera panowanikwa pulsed zvakaita dzenzvimbo wakasika navo migero. Kana kufa zvose achabatsirwa remagetsi nemwaranzi, kuvhunduka mafungu, chiedza kupenya uye disintegration kuti kuputira pamusoro samolecular chechetere.

Rushoma discharges ndiwo zvinokonzera chikuru kukuvadzwa mukuru voltage michina. Chikonzero ndechokuti chitarisiko rushoma discharges ndiyo kutanga kwekupwanyiwa kukura akawanda zviparare padunhu-voltage kuputira.

Somugumisiro azvaiitwa, mamiriro kuti panowanikwa kuputira kwokuparara.

buditsa rwakazara

Kana kwazvo imwe chikumbaridzozve voltage wakaiswa kuti imwe insulating zvinhu, anogona hwakaitwa neDare haasaruri discharges izvo haanamati pakarepo pisa-kuputira, uye naizvozvo anogona kuva zvikuru zvinogamuchirika. Dzinonzi - kutanga.

Uyezve kumutsa voltage, kuwedzera kukura uye uwandu inclusions, pakati treeing panguva kuramba mudzimu midziyo, zvichitungamirira unopinza Zvakawanikwa kukwana buditsa. Pakuonekwa kwawo zvikuru akazoita pasherefu upenyu zindoga uye kunogona kuparara kwayo. matomu izvi zvinonzi dzinonetsa.

Mugumisiro matomu sechivako midziyo

Chimwe chikuru STRUCTURAL zvinhu transformers uye nemagetsi michina ndiyo kuputira pakati windings. It vachiva pachena kuti zvinoparadza zvinhu zvakadai: chafariz migumisiro nokuda mazhinji leakage dzenzvimbo; vibrating mutoro nokuda nokushanda rinobva vematunhu (transformer) uye nemotokari mashandiro (nokuti motokari yemagetsi); migumisiro chokubuda inrush kuitika uye pfupi vematunhu dzenzvimbo.

All izvi zvinoita kuti kuvadza kuputira uye chitarisiko kukwana discharges. Nokuti motokari yemagetsi ndicho chikonzero chinonyanya zvinowanzovapo kukundikana, uye uri munzvimbo yechipiri tapinda dzaparadzwa transformer kukundikana somugumisiro kuvadza ichitenderera kuputira.

Kunoda nokuyerwa discharges

Kuyerwa pezvakaitwa kuitika panguva haasaruri discharges kuitika ndiyo inodiwa kuti kukwanisa kudzivirira kuputira Kuparara uye kufadza kuderera kuchinyanya munyika insulating zvinhu.

Nezvokumutswa pakushandisa XLPE simba netambo dziri zvivako simba zvokushandisa, mukuru-voltage transformers, panhongonya mitsetse, unofanira kuramba kuchengeta kutonga PD, zvichiita vakachengeteka kushanda kwavo.

Kudzivirira kuputira nokuputsika uye bvunzo nzira

Zvakakodzera aongorore mamiriro insulating zvinhu panguva oparesheni kuziva mafambiro kutsemuka uye kudzivirira netsaona kukundikana nokuda rushoma discharges pamusoro zvokushandisa.

Kudzora ukuru kuputira urema, pane midziyo mukuru-voltage:

• High voltage bvunzo, nerechiHebheru kukura kwayo zvichibvira nokuwedzera panguva oparesheni. Zvakakodzera kuona dielectric simba tsika apo zvinopfuura kuwedzera voltage.
• Non-anoparadza bvunzo nzira nokuda kuziva nguva yaro vanoparadza upfumi.

Izvi zvinoita kuti kuitisa kuongororwa zvakarurama pamusoro kwakapa midziyo pasina kuratidza unyanzvi pabasa, uye naizvozvo, achisiya zvoupfumi varasikirwa.

Huripo PD chirwere nzira vanogona kuzviona akaremara tanga waro kukura uye, nokudaro, kudzivirira anodhura kugadziridza kana yaitsiva vainyeperwa michina.

Vamwe Nzira vanobvumira kuti localize ndiko kuremara nzvimbo, uye achava pasi vagadzirise chete ukama zvikamu kuputira.

Apo mukuru voltage michina nemiedzo, asi kuputira unhu kuipa somugumisiro aaiitawo kushushikana kwazvo kanoverengeka ari uchishandisa tsika.

Chirwere nzira nokuti Detective rushoma buditsa anobvumira yakarurama kupfuura Zvinofungidzirwa pamusoro residual mwero kunyatsoshanda kuti midziyo pasina nayo zviito pamusoro kuputira inoparadza. Chirwere kuti PD mukushanda kurasikirwa kuti kazhinji kunhivi chinhu kuti iongororwe ndiko nezvimwewo kuti ndiye tsime kukanganiswa. anonongedzera izvi zvingasava akasiyana mune parameters zviri kutsvakwa chinhu anonongedzera sezvo vanogona kunge kukwana discharges.

Naizvozvo, nokuti kupatsanura vachipindira anonongedzera uye akayera zvishomanana zvinoyerera, mumwe anofanira kutanga kuyera chipingaidzo anonongedzera pasina simba pamusoro bvunzo chinhu, uye ipapo kuita chipimo pamusoro payo ichishanda.

Panyaya iyi anonongedzera achaparadzwa kunyorwa uwandu haasaruri zvinoyerera uye background.

Musiyano migumisiro nezviyero izvi anoratidza kukwana iyeye chiratidzo ukoshi.

The vakawana mamirire unobvumidza kuti vaongorore hunhu urema uye zvinoyerera pacharo.

PD nzira hazvirevi kukuvadza kuputira uye rinoshandiswa zvikuru nokuti haashandisi wakakwirira voltage, inokanganisa pamusoro kuputira iri ongororo kwacho.

Electric buditsa nzira

The nzira kunoda kuvapo kuonana rwokuyeresa Namano kuputira.

Kunoitawo kuti kutsanangura vazhinji kukwana iyeye unhu.

Ndiwo kupfuura yakarurama zvose nzira kuti kuyera kukwana discharges.

Acoustic kuonekwa nzira

Nzira iyi inobva kushandiswa maikorofoni kuti anogamuchira ruzha anonongedzera uchishandisa michina.

Sensors akagadzawo ari kunzwisisa switchgear nezvimwe simba midziyo uye kushanda ari kure.

Chinetso: Mienzaniso discharges zviduku zvakawanda zviri usatsungirira.

Remagetsi kana kure nzira

Kuonekwa kuti haasaruri pakuyerera kushandisa nzira microwave frequencies uri nyore uye akarongeka muitiro. Nokuti ichi chinangwa kanyanga mudziyo directivity.

Zvakaipira nzira iyi - nekusagona kuyera zvinokosheswa nematomhu.

Specificity kuti discharges mu transformers

Simba simba transformers vari zvimedu grids uye pedyo rayo wakaiswa yakakwirira voltage zvokushandisa, izvo kukwana discharges angawanika. Anonongedzera kubva nzira dzakasiyana-siyana izvi kusvika inodzorwa transformer.

Kana zvakabatana kuti transformer panhongonya mitsetse pachena Nemheni, kuti zviratidzo kubva achanyorwa akanyorwa nokuyerwa pakati zvechadenga rushoma zvinoyerera iri transformer kuputira.

Paanowana transformer substations pachena, pamusoro wayo kwokunze conductive zvikamu zviri nguva nenguva, zvichienderana tembiricha, mwando nezvimwe zvinhu, Corona discharges kuitika.

Changing mutoro uye kuvapo transformers namano inodzora parameters zvavo panguva oparesheni Somuenzaniso, Namano yokudzora basa mutoro kunokonzera kuchinja mune zvishomanana kubuda unhu, izvo zvinogona kuderera kana kuwedzera.

All izvi zvinoita kuti chokwadi kuti vakawanda kuyerwa pamusoro transformers tinogona kuratidza kunaka mufananidzo ezvinhu kuputira.

The kuverengwa anotorwa kubva bvunzo transformer kuchaita bindepinde pulses ruzha kubva midziyo pedyo.

Muzviitiko zvakadaro zvinokosha kushandisa nemazvo vachiwirirana chipimo nzira yokubvisa simba ruzha pamusoro Data yaunganidzwa haasaruri discharges mu transformers.