Access-chimiro. Gadzira mufananidzo kuti mashoko kupinda

Access ane simba Windows chikumbiro, Database utariri maitiro (DBMS ). Its chinangwa - kupa ruzivo kuti anoishandisa nenzira yakakodzera chimiro, kushandisa michina kushandiswa, anowanzoshandurwa inodzokororwa. Chirongwa anotibatsira wokuwanazve uye kuchengeta mashoko. izvi zvose rinoitwa Access-chimiro. Kuumba mhando - nyore basa, akagadzirirwa kubatsira inodzidzisa napo.

In Access chimiro sezvo pahwindo chitoro, zviri nyore kuona uye kuvhura unodikanwa zvinhu. Sezvo chimiro - ndiyo chinhu kuti unobvumira vanoshandisa kuwedzera, Edit uye vanoratidza Data inochengetwa Access, ayo chitarisiko inoita basa rinokosha.

Kana ari Database iri Access dzenhoroondo mafomu anoshandiswa vakawanda vanoshandisa, tsime-akagadzirirwa chimiro - kiyi mashoko zvakarurama uye kunyatsoshanda basa navo.

Kuumba mhando

Access Database anopa inodzidzisa ane yakakunakira nomazviri kushanda mashoko. Ichi rinokosha Access-chimiro, izvo zvakati kufambisa kupinda, mashoko fora, achivaona. Ndivo chaiyo chinhu ari Database uye vane guru zvombo kuti chidhiraivho nako kune kushandisa michina ine nhau, inochengetwa Database pamatafura. Ava chinyorwa minda, mabhokisi cheki, redhiyo mabhatani, inodonha-pasi mazita, uye zvichingodaro.

Nzira kusika siyana vari Access vari siyana:

• sika siyana kwakavakirwa huripo matafura uye queries;
• nokusika varara siyana;
• koma chimiro;
• siyana multiple vakanyoresa;
• Access-omurume siyana.

Gadzira mufananidzo tichishandisa Form Wizard, inokosha wakachenjera.

Ndivo chaizvo kana Somuenzaniso, mashoko kupinda rinofanira kuitwa chaiwo siyana. Nokuti chimiro kwakadai, vachipinza mashoko pakombiyuta munda zvakananga kuita zvakafanana pamusoro fomu.

Form kwakavakirwa kumbova tafura

Kuumba chimiro Access kwakavakirwa kumbova tafura riri nyore chaizvo. Kuti aite izvi, ona "Kutanga" vanofanira tinya bhatani "Form". The chikuru ezvinhu mune iyi ndiyo rokutanga pakasikwa date matafura, uye ayo kusarudzwa muna wekushandisa nzvimbo. The chimiro zvinoratidza zvinyorwa imwe chete, uyewo mashoko chokuita tafura.

Kuratidza zvinyorwa akawanda patafura muchimiro vanofanira kuva chete "Sikai" bhatani kuti sarudza "zvinhu shoma". Saka tichakwanisa kuratidza murugwaro muchimiro minda, vakawanda mashoko zvinyorwa pamwe tafura minda zvose.

Pahwaro ane yaivapo tafura kusikwa siyana vari Access inokupai kuti kuva yakakamurwa chimiro. maonero ichi, icho pamwe chete mashoko mufananidzo ndiwo mashoko kusarudzwa chidhiraivho mune pakuenzanisa tafura fomu. Kusika mahwanda chimiro, zvakakodzera mu "Sikai" bhatani kuti sarudza "Split Form".

Kwakadaro siyana sevanhu kunyange kamwe mashoko multiple chidhiraivho. Kakawanda zvinhu izvi ndizvo chete-mutsetse chinyorwa minda, izvo akaratidza ari mumabhatiri umboo tsika muminda tafura. Panzvimbo pre-mashoko, unogona kuita chinhu siyana.

marongerwo View

Agadzirira kushandisa tafura Form maonero rokushandura. In nzira iyi, chete chaiko mashoko zvinyorwa Database pamatafura zvinogona kuchinjwa, kufamba pakati zvinyorwa. Formatting mu nzira iyi haabvumirwi, uye kusikwa siyana Microsoft Access zvinoda formatting Kudzorwa uye chimiro pacharo. izvi zvose zvinogona kuitwa, kana iwe ufambe kuti marongerwo muoti kana kugadzirwa muoti.

Marongerwo muoti rakasiyana mikana magadzirirwo muoti mishoma magadzirirwe siyana. Zvisinei, zviri nyore kwazvo kuti anokurumidza formatting, kuti zviduku kuchinja kuti chidhiraivho: kutwasuka kana zvido zvevanhu kunangiswa wavo, achiwedzera rugwaro minda dzokuwedzera, richichinja mhando manyorerwo uye zvichingodaro. In marongerwo muoti, haugoni kuchinja umbowo goho riri chidhiraivho, apo akagadzira muoti zvinopa mukana wakadaro.

Kuronga chimiro muna Design maonero zvikuru kunzwisisa uye yakadzama. Mukuwedzera, chete zvakagadzirwa muoti inowanika wandei zvezvidzidzo yakajeka design, uyewo chidhiraivho: rectangles, mitsetse, mabhatani, mabhokisi combo, redhiyo mabhatani, uye zvakawanda. In nzira iyi, unogona kushandura mashoko kwaibva editable chimiro. Uyezve, nzira iyi inogona akaremara marongerwo muoti.

Chakawedzera bhatani kuti fomu

Somuenzaniso, unofanira kuwedzera bhatani kuti fomu nako zvichaita kuti kuvhara. In akagadzira muoti inowanikwa kune yose marongerwo zvakasiyana siyana kudzora zvinhu, pakati riri bhatani. Kana iwe wedzera kuna marongerwo ari chimiro, asi Database vachangoerekana kuumba tenzi kiyi, izvo achazviratidza kuti mushandisi bhokisi.

Hwindo sika mabhatani kupa sarudzo Mapato akawanda, ane mazita yezviito. Muchiitiko chino, unofanira kusarudza category "Kushanda pamwe chete fomu." Kubva ichi chikamu chiito mazita kusarudza "Close chimiro."

Zvinotevera zvinokosha kuzivisa inodzidzisa kuti bhatani iri kukonzera pakazovharwa chakuvhuvhu. Unogona kusiya rugwaro bhatani, uye iwe unogona kuudza pamwe icon (mufananidzo).

Zvadaro, muuki kunoita inodzidzisa kupa zita kuti bhatani, zvino unogona baya "Finish" - saka chigadzirirai bhatani pamusoro chimiro, izvo zvichaita kuti kuti kuvhara.

Kana ikozvino tinya Create bhatani, unenge chakaita kuponesa Database vakasikwa chimiro kuchinja, uye ipapo ndavhara nayo. In Design maonero, ichi chinhu bhatani hakushandi. It chete anoshanda ari kwadzinoita Pfungwa.

Zvinokoshawo kuti chimiro pachavo inogona kuumbwa kushandisa chaiyo muuki. Paivakwa tenzi muforoma chete zvichifanira kurondedzerwa yaro pazviruva. Next, nokusika chimiro nyore Format panguva tenzi wavo kungwara nokuchinja kuti marongerwo rudzi uye nepurani muoti.

subforms

Subform - chinhu ichocho ari mukwanisi mumwe, chikuru Access-chimiro. Kuumba mhando kuzviisa - ndiko kukura hierarchical nemamiriro matafura maviri, tichiratidza kuvapo ukama pakati siyana.

The ukama pakati pavo anogona kumiririra akasiyana mhando pakukurukurirana inowanika pakati Database matafura, "mumwe-kuti-zhinji", "vazhinji-kuti-zhinji". Kazhinji ukama izvi kufunga sectional ukama pamwe pamberi mubereki (nechigadziko) chimiro uye chikamu (muranda).

Chii chinonzi subform

Kuumba subforms muna Access kunogona kutsanangurwa muenzaniso: chimiro ichi kunogona kuva muchimiro mutengi anorayira paIndaneti chitoro.

Customer ruzivo zvirimowo mune rimwe tafura, uye ruzivo pamusoro ayo mirairo zvinochengeterwa mudura imwe chokuita normalization yacho Database kugadzirwa. Mumwe mutengi rinoungana zvirevo zvakawanda, saka ukama pakati mutengi uye mirairo matafura inoratidza ukama "mumwe-kuti-zhinji". Panyaya iyi, chimiro anomirira mashoko ari mutengi, vachava choruzhinji. Mumwe achimiririra zvirevo ake Data zvichawedzerwa musimboti uye achava omurume.

Mukavaisa imwe nzvimbo marongerwo huru uye omurume siyana zviratidzwa chete akabatanidza mashoko. Somuenzaniso, kana tafura iri rakasiyana mutengi mutengi, uye nyaya naye akarayira tafura matatu vakanyoresa ukama, ipapo subform kuratidzirana zvose zvitatu zvinyorwa mirairo yake.

chimiro Wizard

Kuumba hierarchical nemamiriro siyana vari Access, zvaunokwanisa dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, pakutevedzera kuitika rakasikwa uye chikuru uye omurume siyana, unogona kuita kushandisa Form Wizard.

Kutanga chikuru chimiro muna Access, ine omurume, uchishandisa muuki haangavi nyore. Haangarambi chete kusika nezvimiro pachavo, asiwo kuasungira pamwe zvakakodzera mafungiro. Kana chete kuitika kusikwa subform zvinoratidza achiwedzera kuti aivapo mukuru, unogona kana kushandisa muuki, kana kungoita achizvuzvurudza udonhedze kumbova netafura huru marongerwo uye kuti pasi.

Gadzira mufananidzo pasi

Gadzira subforms hunobva maviri matafura kufanana (Authors uye Books). Tichafamba kushandisa nzira muuki. Danho rokutanga kuchaita kuzarura tenzi pachake, chikwata kuita iri muna Access Database (kusikwa siyana). In Access 2007, somuenzaniso, unogona kuwanikwa donhwe-pasi nyora chinhu "Mamwe siyana".

Wizard hwindo kuti anovhura anokumbira kuti tafura iyo unofanira asike marudzi uye minda (kusarudzwa nenzira mbiri-nekudzvanya), iyo inodzidzisa vangada kuona sarudza. Mushure wokutanga patafura imwe hwindo, unofanira kusarudza imwe, izvo kwakabatana yokutanga. Wizard achaita kuona ukama, uye kana haagoni kuzviita, ipapo kuumba pasi fomu zviri nyore vasingakwanisi. Panyaya iyi, muranda achaita zvinoumba akasika pachishandiswa Mumabhuku tafura.

In danho iri muuki inokukumbira kusarudza chimiro mashoko. Tinofanira kusarudza "Subforms" uye zvadaro achizviendesa bhatani "Next" zvakare.

Danho rinotevera ichatitendera kusarudza chimiro akasimbisa siyana: tepi kana tafura eBhaibheri marongerwo. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti tepi kuvapfumi kuti Styles.

Mumakore danho tinofanira gadzirisa misoro, uye baya "Finish" - kuramba omurume kuwana chimiro. Kuumba mhando rakapera.

The zvakasikwa mamiriro anogona kuitwa mu kugadzira kana marongerwo maonero. It achada Format kunoguma munda, kana kuwedzera zvimwe chidhiraivho.

Kutanga pamuchina wokugamuchira fomu iri Access

Kuvapo vakawanda mabwendefa Database, uyewo nezvimiro chokuita Data pamahwandefa izvi, zvinoomesa zvikuru zvinonyatsorehwa Database schema. Kuti zviite kufamba pakati nechigadziko siyana, nokusika anonzi Main pamuchina wokugamuchira fomu. Izvi zvinowanzoitika Kufananidzira, izvo zvinogona rakapepetwa kwaro chete kungwara ari constructor. Tinogona kutaura kuti, kutanga Main pamuchina wokugamuchira chimiro, iwe vakaita pakasikwa Database siyana vari Access ndiro dzayo chidzitiro saver kana bhora.

Shandisa mabhatani riri pamusoro payo nyore chaizvo kufamba pakati okunze, sezvo mumwe bhatani Rinobatanidzwa ane yoga fomu. Tinya bhatani kunokonzera Database kuita yezwi bhatani tafura chokuita.

Kushanda pamwe

In Access, pakusikwa Main pamuchina wokugamuchira chimiro ne rinokosha controller. Dispatcher pamuchina wokugamuchira fomu iri pasi kushanda Databases. Kana yava nguva yokutanga, musingadi kuwana pamuchina wokugamuchira chimiro uye kunoita kuti pave. Pop-up hwindo muuki rine mabhatani dzinoverengeka paunogona kusarudza "Change". Saka unogona kuenda setup kukurukurirana basa keypad siyana uye zvimwe iripo chawo mhando.

Somuenzaniso, wedzera mabhatani mbiri - "Button 1" uye "Button 2" - on Main pamuchina wokugamuchira chimiro. mabhatani izvi Contact chimiro Authors1 uye Books, iyo ari pasi. By pakanzi "New", tichaita kuvhura imwe nhaurirano bhokisi apo isu anoratidza aida zita bhatani uye chiito kuti tinofanira kuita ( "Open fomu kuchinja"). In wechitatu munda, kupinda muchimiro nako tinoda kubatanidza kuwedzera mabhatani.

Kuvhara pazviruva hwindo, tinoona kuti kwedu pamuchina wokugamuchira chimiro akaonekwa wekushandisa pahwindo. Kusarudza nayo rwendo the pane, hwindo uye uone kuti rine nyore kugadzira maitiro, uye vaviri zvikorekedzo. Nekudzvanya pamusoro mabhatani achaita kuti Database kuvhura chimiro kuti bhatani kwakabatana.

mupanda pamatafura

Muna partition tafura avhiyiwa anogona kuwanikwa kuti tafura idzva rinonzi pamuchina wokugamuchira Items kuwedzera. Rinochengeta zvose pazviruva chokuita kutanga pamuchina wokugamuchira fomu. Nezvedu pane mumwe chete pamuchina wokugamuchira fomu mabhatani maviri, saka anoiswa matatu chete vakanyoresa:

• zvinyorwa mabhatani yaiva pamusoro chimiro,
• zviito chokuita navo,
• nhoroondo zvikuru pamuchina wokugamuchira fomu.

Design muoti

Created pamuchina wokugamuchira fomu zvinogona kuoma kuburikidza formatting muna Design maonero kugutsikana. Kuishandisa panyika unogona kuwedzera zvakawanda zvimwe chidhiraivho.

Main pamuchina wokugamuchira fomu zvakare anokwanisa kubatanidza nevamwe zvitarisiko zvakafanana. Uyu unobatsira chinoratidza kuti kuronga kuchinja pakati siyana zvikuru kwazvo Database apo pane nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana zvikamu uye mhando.