Acetylcholine - a neurotransmitter tsinga excitation. Acetylcholine: features, zvigadzirwa, ehupfumi

передатчик нервного возбуждения в ЦНС, окончаниях парасимпатических нервов и вегетативных ганглиях. Acetylcholine - tsinga wokutepfenyurisa muna CNS excitation, ari parasympathetic etsinga harinzwi uye autonomic ganglia. It anoita mabasa zvinokosha pezvakaitwa upenyu. Similar mabasa vane amino acids, histamine, dopamine, kweserotonin, adrenaline. Acetylcholine chimwe chinonyanya kukosha kupomba zvinotakura muuropi. Ngationgororei nyaya iyi zvizere.

tsananguro

Mugumo faibha iro neurotransmitter acetylcholine transmits, rinonzi cholinergic. Uyezve, pane chinokosha zvinhu nawo interacts. Dzinonzi cholinergic receptors. zvinhu zvacho mapuroteni mamorekuru - nucleoproteins. отличаются тетрамерной структурой. Acetylcholine receptors zvinosiyana tetrameric mamiriro. Vari iri rokunze pemvura plasma (postsynaptic) membrane. By hunhu hwavo, mamorekuru ava heterogeneous.

In experimental zvidzidzo, uye rinoshandiswa kwezvokurapa zvinangwa zvinodhaka "Acetylcholine chloride" anounzwa mhinduro kuti jekiseni. Other medicaments kwakavakirwa fuma iyi isipo. Kune anoreva zvakafanana zvinodhaka: "Miohol", "Atsekolin", "Tsitoholin".

Kupatsanura mapuroteni choline

Mamwe mamorekuru riri postganglionic cholinergic tsinga. Uku nzvimbo anotsvedzerera tsandanyama, mwoyo, omumuviri. Dzinonzi M-cholinergic receptors - muskarinochuvstvitelnye. Other mapuroteni dziri muna ganglion synapses uye neuromuscular somatic ezvirevo. Vari kunzi N-cholinergic receptors - nikotinochuvstvitelnymi.

tsanangudzo

The pamusoro kupatsanura wakakodzera specificity siyana zvinoitika kana izvi dyidzana nokukanganisika hurongwa uye acetylcholine. , в свою очередь, объясняет причины некоторых процессов. Izviwo, anotsanangura sei vamwe kwendangariro. Somuenzaniso, kumanikidzwa rutapudzo, kunowedzerwa secretion pamusoro gastric, uye mamwe omumuviri mate, bradycardia, etc. uye pupillary constriction. Muskarinochuvstvitelnye pasi simba pamusoro mapuroteni uye marwadzo ose skeletal tsandanyama uye nezvimwewo. Nikotinochuvstvitelnye pamusoro pakunzwisisa Morekuru. Mumakore achangopfuura, masayendisiti akatanga kupatsanura M-cholinergic receptors ari subgroup. The kupfuura kudzidza nhasi basa uye localization pamusoro M1 uye M2 mamorekuru.

The specificity of mugumisiro

не избирательный элемент системы. Acetylcholine - ichi hachisi chinhu chinhu pamusoro nesarudzo hurongwa. Pakawanda, zvinokanganisawo zvose m- uye N-mamorekuru. Muskarinopodobnoe kufarira ndiro simba kuti rine acetylcholine. воздействие проявляется в замедлении сердечного ритма, расширении кровеносных сосудов (периферических), активизации перистальтики кишечника и желудка, сокращении мышц матки, бронхов, мочевого, желчного пузыря, интенсификации секреции бронхиальных, потовых, пищеварительных желез, миозе. Izvi kunoratidza pacharo mu tava kuderera mwoyo zvazvingava, dilation rwengarava ropa (peripheral), activation pamusoro intestinal motility uye dumbu, uterine tsandanyama, bronchus, dundira, nduru dundira, ari intensification pamusoro Árbol secretions, ziya, zvomudumbu omumuviri, myositis.

constriction pakati mboni

Circular Iris tsandanyama innervated ne postganglionic fibers ari oculomotor tsinga, anotanga panguva imwe chete kuderedzwa zvakasimba ciliate. Muchiitiko chino, pane wakasununguka Zinn nemarunda. Zvinoguma spasm akkommodasie. Constriction of mudzidzi, nokuda simba acetylcholine, kazhinji achiperekedzwa vasanyanye intraocular kumanikidzwa. Izvi zviri kukonzerwa pakuwedzera goko chikamu Schlemm kuti mugero uye mamiriro dzezvimwe fontanovyh miosis uye flattening kuti maziso. Izvi anovandudza water drainage kuti mvura kubva mukati yeziso zvinwiwa.

на основе других подобных ему веществ используются при лечении глаукомы. Vachikwanisa kuderedza intraocular kumanikidzwa sezvo acetylcholine, Formulations pachishandiswa dzimwe zvakafanana zvinhu zvaishandiswa pakurapa yemaziso. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya zvinosanganisira anticholinesterase vamiririri, cholinomimetics.

Nikotinochuvstvitelnye mapuroteni

обуславливается его участием в процессе передачи сигналов с преганглионарных нервных волокон на постганглионарные, находящиеся в вегетативных узлах, и с двигательных окончаний на поперечнополосатые мышцы. Nikotinopodobnoe kuitwa acetylcholine kwakakonzerwa ake Kupinda kubva preganglionic iri nedanho chiratidzo transduction tsinga fibers postganglionarnae vari vegetative nodes uye injini harinzwi pamusoro striated tsandanyama. Yakaderera mishonga nefuma anoita somunhu Rinofambisa vasiri asina kuzvironga. , то может развиться стойкая деполяризация в районе синапсов. Kana acetylcholine rwuchiwanzwa, zvinogona kuva kuramba depolarization pamusoro synapses munharaunda. Uyewo pane mukana ichivharira kuchinjwa excitation.

CNS

играет роль передатчика сигналов в различных мозговых отделах. Acetylcholine mumuviri anoita somureza wokutepfenyurisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uropi. Yakaderera kuwanda rinogona kuderedza, uye makuru - kunonoka nhepfenyuro synaptic nomunhu. Aichinja muviri kungawedzera muuropi zvirwere. психотропной группы. Mhandu, izvo rinosiyaniswa acetylcholine - psychotropic zvinodhaka boka. Vakati ovhadhozi zvingaitika kutyorwa yakakwirira huta mashandiro (hallucinogenic migumisiro etc.).

kubatana kwetunhu acetylcholine

It rikaitika cytoplasm tsinga harinzwi. Mumatanda fuma iri presynaptic zviteshi dziri matema. Panowanikwa yechinoitwa mukana inotungamirira nokubudiswa acetylcholine kubva anoverengeka zana "capsules" iri synaptic mumukaha. Zvinhu abudiswa vesicles kusungira kusvika postsynaptic Kamudzira zvimwe mamorekuru. Izvi kunowedzera permeability wayo yavaibvisa, calcium potassium ions. Zvinoguma excitatory postsynaptic zvinogona. The mugumisiro acetylcholine rine parinoperera hydrolysis kwayo inosanganisira atsetilholiesterazy enzayemu.

Physiology nicotinic mamorekuru

tsananguro First akasimudzira intracellular buditsa dzemagetsi potentials. Nicotinic Kanotokonya akava mumwe wokutanga, iro akakwanisa kunyora dzenzvimbo kuyerera kuburikidza chete gwara. Pachena mamiriro anogona kupfuura therethrough ions K + uye Na +, kuti muduku kumwero divalent cations. Panyaya iyi kushandiswa conductivity runoratidzwa kugara ukoshi. Zvisinei, nguva yose rakavhurika wehurumende, anoita maitiro novimba voltage mukana kureva Kanotokonya. Uyezve, yokupedzisira iri akagadzikana panguva achichinja kubva depolarization pamusoro Kamudzira hyperpolarization. Uyezve, pane kutanga desensetizatsii. It kunoitika pashure kwenguva refu kushandiswa acetylcholine nezvimwe mhandu kuti kuderedza Kanotokonya nehanya uye kuwedzera ya rakavhurika mugero wehurumende.

magetsi kurudziro

Dihydro-β-eritroidin kutigumbura nicotinic receptors muuropi uye tsinga ganglia pamusoro kugadzira cholinergic mhinduro. Vanewo dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira nokushamwaridzana nokushamwaridzana tritium-akanzi chikakananda. Nzwisisa αBGT Neural receptors ari hippocampus vane pasi susceptibility pamusoro acetylcholine, kusafanana αBGT-hanya zvinhu. Recycling uye haangotongi yemakwikwi antagonist yokutanga mabasa metillikakonitin.

Vamwe nomukaka anabeziina kutsamwisa mumwe zvokusarudza activation kubatsira boka αBGT-receptors. The conductivity of Ion chiteshi iri zvakakwana kumusoro. receptors izvi zvinosiyana rakasiyana voltage-nemataundi maitiro. Obschekletochny anoshandiswa kubatsirwa depolarization tsika e. zvinogona zvichiratidza rutapudzo pakati ions napo migero.

Saka Fani iyi inodzorwa mune kugutsikana Mg2 + chemhinduro zvinhu. Izvi, boka iri yakasiyana kubva tsandanyama muchitokisi receptors. Ekupedzisira regai kumbotambudzika chero zvachinja Ion ano kuchinja tsika pakati Kamudzira nekugona. Saka munhu N-methyl-D-aspartate Kanotokonya, ane hama permeability kuna Ca2 + nokuti okunze, inoratidza neizvi mamiriro ezvinhu. With kuwedzera kugona hyperpolarizing kuwedzera zviri tsika uye ions Mg2 +, kuti Ion ano kukurukurirana kwacho.

Features muscarinic mamorekuru

M-cholinergic receptors ndezvaJehovha kukirasi serpentivnyh. Ivo kwokupa nomunhu kuburikidza heterotrimeric G-mapurotini. Group muscarinic Kanotokonya rakazivikanwa nokuda pfuma yavo kubatanidza alkaloid muscarine. Isina, mamorekuru izvi inorondedzerwa kwezana remakore rechi20 kudzidza migumisiro curare. Direct Kuongorora boka iri rakatanga mumakore 20-30. remakore chete pashure kuziva mukomboni sezvo neurotransmitter acetylcholine, iyo inopa kupomba mu neuromuscular synapses. M mapuroteni vari kusashanda pasi pokudzora muscarine uye nemutemo atropine, N kusashanda mamorekuru pasi pokudzora yefodya uye nemutemo curare.

Pashure vakawanda subtypes vave dzakaonekwa mumapoka vaviri receptors. The neuromuscular synapse ine chikakananda Morekuru chete. Muscarinic receptors zvinowanika masero kwemasero uye tsandanyama, uyewo - pamwe N-holinoretseptorami - ari Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu pamusoro CNS uye Neural ganglia.

mabasa

Muscarinic receptors nhaka wose akagadzirwa zvivako zvakasiyana. Kutanga, izvo riri zvionera ganglia uye wakabva kwavari postganglioznyh fibers, zvakagadzirirwa kuvavarira nhengo. Izvi panotaura receptors muzvirongwa nhepfenyuro uye parasympathetic vachisiyanisa inzwi nemigumisiro. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, kusanganisira marwadzo ose anotsvedzerera tsandanyama, vasodilatation, vakawedzera secretion kwemasero, achidzikisa kwemwoyo. CNS Cholinergic fibers, izvo varipo vari Zvinoumba interneurons uye muscarinic synapses vari dzichiitika kunyanya cerebral cortex, hippocampus, chokumisa nuclei, striatum. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinowanikwa maduku nhamba. The nechepakati M-cholinergic receptors sei murau kurara, ndangariro, kudzidza uye kutarisirwa.