Achiongorora zvaive zvakanyorwa pamapeji RSDLP. Russian Social Democratic Labor Party

Party, vachiisa basa kusunungura proletariat kubva kushungurudzwa parasitic makirasi, dzinozivikanwa mugumo XIX remakore chainzi Social Democratic. Uyezve Pfungwa nemhaka Marxism avete masangano ari echimurenga bapiro. Achiongorora zvaive "RSDLP" hunosanganisira sotsdekovskuyu wevacheche, asi mukutanga nguva yayo chiitiko yebato pachikuva yakanga zvikuru siyana zvetsika Marxism. It kubvumidzwa kuita mune zvakawanda zviri pamutemo uye chepamutemo siyana kutamburira ugandanga. In ichi kwaiva kutadza, uye inofanira jaya Russian Party of Social Democrats.

Kuunza RSDLP

Panopera 1895, zvakanga akasikwa "Union of Kurwira wokusunungurwa rwekuita kirasi", inova mubatanidzwa wevanhu Marxist mapoka kuti batanidza basa ravo. Makore chete pashure matatu pahwaro sangano iri akakwanisa kugadzirisa rwakafanana purogiramu bato uye kuzivisa panowanikwa rimwe bato. The havaoni zviri RSDLP yakatanga pfumbamwe vamiririri 'Union of Zvii "kubva St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kiev uye vamiririri bund (Labor Jewish Union). Zvino pakutanga chacho muna Minsk muna March 1898.

Panguva iyoyowo, uye paiva zita. Achiongorora zvaive "RSDLP", tsamba shanu, zvakajeka vakataura pamusoro echimurenga hunhu sangano, Social-Democrats ari akariposhera pakati vezvematongerwo enyika zvave rakafanana nerokuti kukuru Marxism.

"Iskra" uye wokutanga paradzanisa wakatsemuka

Zvakanditorera kwamakore maviri, uye bato vakatamira vachibva kuzivisa kuti chiito. Pakupera 1900 akabudisa pakadhindwa pepanhau "Iskra", rakapepetwa Lenin (Ulyanovym V. I.), achibatsirwa Plekhanov, Martov, Zasulich, Axelrod uye Potresov yokutanga. Nokufamba nhengo iyi akaratidza zvakakomba kuzvipokanidza tinosvika kuna nzira kuuya kirasi hondo. Musimboti kukonana rakanga pachinhu wepamutemo hondo uye kurerutsa kuti aifanira kupinda kwayo muitiro, uyewo chirango. Mamwe masoja vakati, dzimwe nguva shoshoma, rwakafanana dhinomineta hahwaikwanisa, vanorambana yakanga yava kuda kutanga, uye ayo initiator rakanga Vladimir Ulyanov, achiine zvikuru vaduku (matatu) munhu ane sparse ndebvu uye maziso ichipfuta. Akaramba kufambira, echimurenga sapakuparadzwa nheyo "nyika yekare" uye noungwaru nharo mutana Plekhanov, tateguru wokuRussia Marxism.

Split uye chitarisiko Bolshevism

Russian Social Democratic Labor Party makore manomwe imomo, vakatakura pachako pamusoro zviviri pakutanga, Plekhanov, Lenin imwe mhando. Asi hapana huchavapo nokusingaperi. Kukurukurirana uye kukurukurirana chete yakadzamisa kurwa, achivaita anopikisana, uye panguva II Congress of mubvunzo wacho tsitsi ndiani achaita pokuchinja, vamiririri bourgeoisie kana proletariat? Ndiani achava mushure hegemonic kirasi?

Lenin nevatsigiri vake akavhotera udzvinyiriri rwekuita mukirasi, uye akawana ane ruzhinji. Somugumisiro, sangano bato yakakamurwa, paradzanisa, decrypt RSDLP akaramba chete, asi zvichienderana nhengo rimwe mapoka maviri akanga vaisanganisa bukovkoy chidimbu "b" kana "M" iri kumativi mumabhuraketi. Avo vari panguva II Congress akavhotera muchifarira proletarian hegemony, vakava Bolsheviks uye vatsigiri Plekhanov kuti - pamusoro kudaro, Mensheviks.

Minimum chirongwa uye kufadza chirongwa - zvakamisa hurongwa maviri Russian Marxism

Izvi nyaya nesangano haana kurega kutora zvinonyatsorehwa chirongwa, rine zvikamu zviviri (zvishoma uye kunonyanyisa). Pamwero muduku zvikuru, pamusoro kudiwa Russian sotsdeki, ndiko kuparadzwa monarchist-muridzi murayiro, kuti Bourgeois chimurenga, kugovera nyika kuvanhuwo zvavo (mahara) uye urongwa kushanda kwemaawa masere kushanda zuva. Uye mune ramangwana loomed kuchinja zvikuru hombe muupenyu iyo proletarian aifanira kuva mudzvanyiriri. Ndicho vaifanira, iyo dzaona nokuda Bolsheviks. Humwe mberi mumagariro pfungwa kwete zvirongwa zvavo.

Wechinomwe Congress - Rubicon

Finished paradzanisa pakati Bolsheviks uye Mensheviks retatu, wechina uye wechishanu RSDRP kokorodzano. The Bolsheviks Mensheviks kudzingwa zvachose utungamiriri bato muna 1907. Panguva iyi, vakanga kurangwa, cohesive, uye kushingaira kukupfura, kuva, kunyanya, uye uto bapiro, anokwanisa kuitisa mukudhinda kwepachivande uye muridzi nzira anoparadzirwa. The Mensheviks unhu hwakadaro havagoni kuzvirumbidza, nokuti raakanga Papera akabhadhara.

Sotsdeki uye hondo

Party RSDLP akapona mumwe womukati kunetsana pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II. Panguva ino, Zvimiso "mutsetse pamberi" yakanga yakaoma, iye vabatanidzwa Bolsheviks muzvikwata zvitatu huru: ari internationalists, kuvenga kurwisana uye patriots. Kuti vanotsigira kuti kukundwa munyika yavo, uye chokwadi akava mutengesi, unofanira kuva inokosha unhu, hachisi wose anogona. Pano Plekhanov kuyambuka mutsetse uye vakakundikana. Lenin kuiona.

Social-Democratic Labor Party nepo Russian aigona kunzi chete pane muganhu hwaro. Bolshevik agitators akaita rakakura kuedza kunyengetedza masoja kuti Havarwiri nyika yavo, uye kuti vanozvibatanidza muvengi zvakakodzera, kuuraya dzavo vehondo. Hwakazara chete softness hwakaratidzwa "ropa tsarist hurumende" vakananga abatwa vatengesi. Kutaura zvazviri, njodzi kunyika Lenin neshamwari yake vaifarira zvakakwana, ivo raved pamusoro chimurenga nyika, izvo zvaiita kuti ave pedyo, asi chaizvoizvo hapana chakaitika.

Nei RCP (B) yaiva VKP (b)

Pashure mukutora simba muna 1917, Bolsheviks vaiva kusawirirana chakakomba evanhu-democratic kufamba, vane vamiririri vane zvishoma kukuru maonero inoitwa munyika dzakawanda, kuratidza "precariousness". Nzvimbo German, French uye dzimwe European Social Democrats kunge vakaratidza chido kushandisa pamutemo zvigadziriswe, muzviitiko, kuabatanidza pamwe pachivande basa, uye vanotsvaka kukunda kubudikidza kusimudzira vamiririri vavo mitumbi simba kuburikidza sarudzo. nzira iyi haina inogutswa Leninists, vakanzwisisa kuti kuna vanhu mukana rwokusarudza, ivo vaizova kashoma kuuya nesimba, nekuti uye akaita nevapanduki, vachipidigura dikidiki Government (iko ayo kumhanyisa hazviiti, nokuti akasikwa panguva isati sarudzo).

Achiongorora zvaive zviri RSDLP vakarega kutaura musimboti webato, uye kuti haisi kuvhiringidzwa nedzimwe shamwari, muna 1918, renaming zvakaitika muna CPSU (the All-Union Communist Party) pamwe hunokosha bukovkoy (b) pakupera kuti hapana chokwadi zvitambudzwe. Wokutanga tsamba abbreviations kusvikira 1925 rinoreva "All-Russian", uye pashure paumbwe USSR All-Union bato vakava. Akadaro kusvikira 1952, izvo chakaratidza kutanga yechirimwa paitonga Stalin gutsaruzhinji. Gore rino vaipinda ari XIX Congress, hwaakange CPSU (b) Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Communist Party, kare pasina tsamba duku mumabhuraketi. Raiva zita wekupedzisira Leninist webato.