African Orange River - tariro uye kunaka kwekondinendi

South Africa inoshayiwa mune chero mvura, kusanganisira nzizi. Mvura iyo iripo munharaunda iyi iduku, uye yakawanda yegore rose yakaita seyendarira isina mvura. Zvisinei, kunyange pano apa pane nzizi refu uye yakareba. Iyo yakakura kupfuura iyo yose iri Limpopo, inozivikanwa neChukovsky, Orange River (iyo haisi iyo yakavharidzirwa nemarara kune marangi) uye Vaal.

Matambudziko ekushandura

Zita remvura iyi iyi rakapiwa naScott Gordon, uyo aiva chikamu cheDutch expedition. Zvisinei, haana kumboreva marara emvura yake. Rwizi rwemaruva rwakatumidzwa kuti rwupfuurire runyararo rwekutonga rweHolland rwemakore iwayo - Orange. Zvisinei, kunyorwa kwechiChirungu kwezita rezita reDynastic (Orange), uye rechiDutch (Oranj) rinorevawo maruva. Mushanduri, achishandura zita rorwizi muchiRussia, haana kupindira mumashoko anokurudzira eScotsman, ndiro rwizi ndokuva Orange. Kukanganisa kwave kunonzwisiswa nguva refu, asi vanhu vanotaura chiRussia vanoshandiswa kune zita reMuAfrica rwizi: kune zvikwereti, nhetembo uye kunyange ikatekiti nekutaura kwezita iri rwizi. Saka kushandura zita rechiremera harina kuva.

Rwizi geography

Rwizi rweAre Orange muAfrica ndiro rurefu rwomugwagwa (yakawanda se 1865 km). Kune rumwe rutivi, rwizi irwo muganhu pakati peNamibia nedzimwe nyika. Mhedziso yeRwizi rwaMerwizi iri mumakomo eChina, iri mumiganhu yenyika yeLesotho neSouth Africa. Uye matsime okutanga erwizi urwu ari pamitenusirwa yeGomo reMont-o-Sourz, pamusoro pemvura yakadzika pa 3160 m. Panguva imwechete inonzi zvakasiyana pamakomo - Sinku. Kuzadza chete nemitambo, Orange River inowana kodzero kune zita rinowanzoitwa. Mushure mezvose, inova yakakwana kwazvo mushure meizvi. Nenzira, dzakawanda dzezvinonzi zvibvumirano zvinogona kuregererwa muhuwandu hwekuzadzwa kweArime, sezvo ichinguva yemazuva, isina kudzika uye yakanyanya kuvimba nehuwandu hwekunaya. Mupiro unokosha pakuzadzwa kunoitwa chete neVaal naKaledon - ivo pachavo (neAfrica mitemo) haisi nzizi dzakadaro.

Kupedza ndiAtlantic Ocean, uko Orange River inopinda mukati. Chinhu chinonakidza chinogona kufungidzirwa kuti nzvimbo ye confluence yerwizi neAtlantic isango reNamib, iro rinoshandurwa rinoreva "Gungwa rezvikwama".

Mazhinji e "muviri" werwizi urwu muNamibia, South Africa uye muvakidzani-Lesotho. Kune imwe nzvimbo yemakumi makumi emakiromita mushure mokuzadza mvura nemafuta, Orange inofadza ziso nekukwirira nekuzara. Zvisinei, zvasvika panzvimbo dzakasviba, inonzwisisika inova isina kudzika. Mumwaka wakaoma, hazvisi zvakaoma kutsika, asi mukadzi wacho haazotonhese jasi rake (kana asina kupfeka jira rebhokisi).

Muchidimbu, Rwizi rweArkey runogonawo kuenzaniswa semwaka: kuzara kwayo kunonyanya kuenderana nemvura. Uye mugwagwa, uri munharaunda iri pedo neKalahari, unobatsira zvikuru kumvura yakasimba kubuda. Ndokusaka Orange River muAfrica isingasviki.

Nzizi dzakapoteredza

Kune rumwe rutivi rwokumusoro rweRwizi rwaMerwizi, Gwenga uye nzvimbo dzakasviba dzinotakura mvura yavo yeNoob, Kuruman, Mololo uye dzimwe nzizi dzisinganyanyi kuonekwa kupfuura iyo imwe chete Limpopo, Waal kana Orange. Zvisinei, pamusoro pezvose, izvi zvinomisa mibhedha, iyo inosvika nzizi chete panguva yemvura, saka vanogadzira geographer vanoshevedza ivo nguva. Hazvishamisi - nzira yemvura iyi inopfuura nepakati pezviwande zvinotyisa zvakanyanya - Kalahari, uko pasina nzvimbo yokutora mvura yezvivako. Asi nokuda kwemvura inonaya vanogona kuchengetedza zvinhu zvose zvinogona kupona mugwenga.

Iyo yakaisvonaka mvura

Nzvimbo inozivikanwa ndeyeAfrica Victoria Falls, iyo inonzi ndiyo yakakura, yakaisvonaka uye yakadzika muakondinendi ino. Zvisinei, iyi ndeimwe yemafungiro makuru akasiyana-siyana evanhu. Rwizi rwerwizi runoona chimiro chinoshamisa zvikuru icho chiri paki yepasi.

Mvura inonzi Augebis yakatumidzwa saizvozvo naFinn anonzi Vicar. Zita rechinhu chakafanana nevagari vemo - vaBoers - uye vakazove nyika dzakawanda. Augrabis - mvura yakakwirira kupfuura Victoria, uye mamwe mvura. Nzvimbo yepamusoro, kubva pamvura iyo iri mumupata yakagadzwa pachigaro choumambo, inokwira kusvika kumamiriyoni 146, uye kuvhara kwayo pachayo kunosvika pakadzika anenge mamita 200.

Mvura inonzwisisika isingazivikanwi iri nyore kutsanangura: pedo neAre Orange uye Augrabis inotyisa Kalahari inotyisa, inenge isingagoneki kunyange kune mafambiro akakodzera. Kunyangwe mumwaka unopisa, apo Rwizi rweArme runoshanduka ruchiita sango, kuswedera pedo negwenga kunyorera mvura inoparadza nemhaka yematombo asina kugadzikana uye anotsvedza. Uye mumvura yakakwirira mvura yose yemvura inoyerera ichibva isisvikeki nekuda kwemvura ine chisimba yemvura; Kunyange migwagwa yakagadziriswa inoshanduka ikaita dope rinotenderera. Saka kuverenga kunofadza kunganzwika zvikurukuru kune avo vakatarisa Augrabis kubva helicopter.

Kudyisa rwizi

Rwizi rwerwizi runopa zvikuru mvura, ndicho chikonzero ine "mafashamo emvura" mune mararamiro ayo. Kuparara kunowanikwa kubva munaNovember kusvikira pakuguma kwaMarch, nepamusoro pekusvika kwavo pakati pemusi waFebruary naMarch. Mune dzimwe nyika dziri kuedza kumutsidzira nyika dzinotarisirwa nekubatsirwa kweArisand uye mutongi wayo weVaal. Kubva kuma 66 ezana remakore rapfuura basa rekugadzira irrigation system riri kuitwa, rinofanira kuvhara mahekita makumi matatu ematunhu. Kupedzwa kwakagadzirirwa kusvika pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi20, asi kusvika ikozvino kugadzirwa kwekupedzisira hakuoneki.

Kunyange zvazvo Africa inonzi inzvimbo isina mvura yakawanda panyika, uye pane iyo pane nzvimbo yekunaka, nzizi uye mvura.