Tinoedza kupindura mubvunzo zviri mabviro ecuneiform kwemifananidzo

Chii ecuneiform, nhasi vashoma uzivewo, sezvinoita mutemo, yakatetepa vanachiremba mumunda mutsika uye nhoroondo philology. Zvichakadai, nemhaka runyoro checuneiform, tinokwanisa kunyora pfungwa dzavo uye mashoko ari papepa. Saka, munyaya ino tichaedza kupindura mubvunzo chii matangiro ecuneiform kwemifananidzo.

Chii ecuneiform?

kunyora nechicuneiform aiva rekare mufananidzo kunyora umo tsotso zvikuru wakarodzwa pamahwendefa evhu akanga aiswa mamwe mahwendefa.

Sezvo rudzi tsamba zvecuneiform zvakatanga muna Sumerian mutsika. Izvi akabvumira kuchinjwa ruzivo nezvizvarwa uye vakabatsira ndechokuti nyika akatora aitungamirira chinzvimbo munyika yekare.

Uyewo, vanochera matongo vakawana akawanda mhando tsamba yekare, akafanana ecuneiform. ecuneiform ichi Persian, anonzi rechiUgarit, uye Cypro-Minoan syllabary.

The yakakurumbira nyika checuneiform

Achipindura mubvunzo pamusoro pane kwakabva ecuneiform kwemifananidzo kuongorora mamiriro zvokunyorwa kupfuura rakakurumbira uye zvakanaka vakadzidza Sumerian hweBhabhironi tsika.

mahwendefa wokutanga ecuneiform wenyika, aizivikanwa masayendisiti ano, zuva shure 3500 BC. e.

Pakati nzizi Tiger uye Yufratesi yava kugadziriswa zvose anozivikanwa Sumerian umambo. Yaiva mamiriro nevanhu vanogara muguta mitemo yayo, ane akapfuma tsika mabhuku anoumba ivhu pamahwendefa.

Pamahwendefa aya kunyora dzakasiyana mashoko: Aifananidzira mitemo mhuri Counts.

Icons pachavo vakawanda ukoshi vaiva pedyo vatambi. Zvisinei, havana kare akasarudzwa zvimwe anofambidzana kutukana uye vakanyanya zvimiso kupfuura hieroglyphs vekare vokuIjipiti.

Pfungwa nezvekwakabva ecuneiform kunyora mifananidzo

Nezvekwakabva ecuneiform kwemifananidzo kuMesopotamia ane hypotheses dzakawanda. Maererano nomumwe ndicho ndivo, kwakanga ecuneiform mifananidzo sezvinotevera.

Varidzi huru okurima uye anofudza Holdings vaifanira kuchengeta zvinyorwa pfuma yavo. Nokuti ivhu iyi, yakanga kwakapararira munzvimbo idzodzo, chaidzo Zvidhori, akadana zviratidzo. Zviratidzo vakanga kuumbwa muchimiro mhuka kana shiri, uyewo muchimiro tsanga, mazai, etc.

Zviratidzo dzakaumbwa wevhu, kuti chisimbiso chisimbiso wehondo oga, nokuti chete vaikwanisa kuwana zivo iyi.

Uyezve, pamwe pave mberi kwevanhu, pakava tsika kuzochera CONDITIONAL chiratidzo zviratidzo izvi pamusoro muvharo ane ivhu mudziyo, uye mudziyo wo kwakashanduka uye kukava nyore Hwendefa.

Vakachinja uye manyorerwo mifananidzo. Kudai vakanga unhu chemufananidzo uye vakanga zvakafanana neyemhuka, izvo zvinoratidza kuti vari ikozvino akasarudzwa ekuedzwa uye schematically achishandisa kudzvinya vave ivhu yakachena kana kunyange kushandisa chaiyo ingi kunyora rutanda.

Saka, tinogona kunzwisisa chii mabviro ecuneiform mifananidzo, zviri aimbova kuvake.

Unobva siyana pictograms maviri akapa shoko idzva. Saka pane ideography uye kushandisa zviratidzo. Somuenzaniso, kana zvabatanidzwa maviri Zviratidzo nokuda zai uye yehuku, zvaireva "kuorera uye zvakanaka." Ecuneiform Zvinyorwa zvakajeka zvikuru kuti tifunge chinhu chinokosha zvakadaro.

Zviya, manyorero ecuneiform, izvo akamuka Sumerian mutsika, vakakurumidza dzakapararira Middle East, mukusiyana kune Chinese uye muEgipita hieroglyphs. zviratidzo ecuneiform akanga nyore kunzwisisa, vanouita nyore kuyeuka uye kunyora. Saka nhasi unogona kudzidza chaizvo vazhinji ivhu Mahwendefa zvinyorwa izvi.

Nyanzvi dzemazuva ano vanodavira kuti runyoro checuneiform Sumerian aiva mumwe simba pamusoro reFenikiya kunyora, izvo zvaizoitawo kukanganiswa kusikwa rekare rechiGiriki arufabheti, iyo rudzi baba bumbiro zvenyika.

Gare gare, Zvisinei, kunyora uku kwave akarasika. kare akavata pasi, evhu, kana havasi negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore vakafunga nezvenyu masayendisiti European.

History achiongorora zvaive zviratidzo ecuneiform

Kudzidza mubvunzo zviri mabviro ecuneiform mifananidzo, haugoni nehanya dambudziko achiongorora zvaive pavo.

Kuedza decipher zviratidzo masayendisiti akaita muzana remakore rechi19. Zvinhu vakanga mucherechedzo Panhivi Papera nguva, uchinyora misoro hwevatongi vavo dhigirii.

Nokufamba matongo paicherwa matongo muBhabhironi rekare, kwete chete mienzaniso yakawanda ecuneiform akawanikwa, asiwo duramazwi mutsa, iyo akadzidza okumusoro makirasi nyika.

Nokuda Zvakawanikwa izvi, vakawanda evhu deciphered. Vezvenhau zvinopa kunokosha Data nezveupenyu Sumeria yekare. To musi, kuramba ecuneiform zvinyorwa undeciphered chete ivhu, vanonzi proto-Sumerian kunyora.