Age-chokuita macular degeneration: Zvinokonzera neMarapirwo

Save Kuona kupinda pakukwegura zvakaoma chaizvo. Kazhinji vakwegura kukwanisa kuona zvishoma nezvishoma akarasika. Izvi imhaka yokuti pamusoro nguva, zvose nhengo dzevanhu dzinotanga "kusakara". Mumwe wokutanga chokuita ziso tishu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chiono kuipa kubvira 40-45 makore. Izvi zvinoitika kunyange zviitiko apo munhu haana kare vaiva nechinetso chiratidzo upenyu. Madzerere kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Vazhinji vanhu vari kunetseka pamusoro "kure-kwehurumende", kureva, nekusagona kuona zvinhu zviri pedyo. Dzimwe nguva, vanokurukura zvinetso zvakakomba zvikuru. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvakadai tsanga, yemaziso, uye zvichingodaro. D. Chimwe chirwere zvakajairika runoonekwa kuti zera-chokuita macular degeneration. A yakafanana chirwere ngozi nokuti kungaita kuti wezvakaonekwa.

Pfungwa zera-chokuita degeneration of the retina

Age-chokuita macular degeneration (AMD) - munhu zvokurwara kuti anova nokuda chinopedza pezvakaitwa ari the retina ziso. nzvimbo iyi ine chokuita ne uropi (the peripheral chiri analyzer). Kushandisa retinal maonero vanowanika mashoko uye rokutendeutsa kuva Mifananidzo. Pazuva peripheral pose analyzer ane mapazi iyo unotora munhu muzvizhinji pakati receptors - tsvimbo uye pasikweya. Inonzi macula (yeyero panzvimbo). Receptors anoumba pakati the retina, zvinopa ruvara chiratidzo muvanhu. Uyezve, richiwanika munyika macula huve chiedza. With chikamu ichi, munhu chiratidzo vakasiyana nemazvo uye zvakajeka. Age-kufanana macular degeneration of the retina rakazouya degeneration yacho macula tishu. It kaviri kuchinja kwete chete ruvara layer asiwo midziyo kudyisa nzvimbo iyi. Pasinei nokuti chirwere chinonzi "zera-chokuita macular degeneration," rinogona kuva kwete vakwegura. Kazhinji zviratidzo Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga muziso wokutanga vanotanga kubatwa kwemakore 55. Nokuti chirwere wechikuru uye penga nokuda kokuchembera mberi zvokuti munhu anogona kurasikirwa zvachose kukwanisa kuona.

Age-kufanana macular degeneration of the retina kwakabatana zvakafanana zvirwere. Kazhinji zvokurwara ichi zvinokonzera urema uye urema. Zvinonzi rinoparadzirwa kuAmerica, Asia uye Europe. Zvinosuruvarisa, maperembudzi kazhinji chirwere mukupera nezvishoma. Muzviitiko izvi zvakafanira kushandisa kuvhiyiwa. Zvisinei, pamwe nenguva yokurapwa, uyewo Implementation kuti matanho zvinokwanisika kudzivisa kuvhiyiwa uye zvokurwara yematambudziko (upofu).

The zvinokonzera zera-chokuita macular degeneration

Kufanana zvose chinopedza urongwa, chirwere ruchigona kunonoka uye mberi rukova. The zvinokonzera chinopedza zvachinja macula of the retina angava akasiyana. The chikuru kwavari ndiko involution weziso tishu. Kunyange zvakadaro, vamwe vanhu vane chinopedza kuchinja kuitika nokukurumidza, ukuwo vamwe - zvishoma nezvishoma. Saka, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zera-chokuita macular degeneration nhaka (kuvabereki), uye kwakapararira munzvimbo nevanhu European mavambo. Zvinofanira kunzi zvimwe zvinokonzera njodzi: kusvuta, BP, kugara kuona zuva. Kubva ichi tinogona kuziva zvinokonzera macular degeneration. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

1. Vascular maronda. Mumwe zvinokonzera kuti atherosclerosis pangozi anonzi arteries diki. Zvaipesana okisijeni hurukuro kuti munyama ziso ndechimwe chikuru zvigadziriswe pakati degeneration.
2. Kufuta.
3. Kushaikwa mavhitamini uye zvimwe zvicherwa. Pakati zvinhu zvakafanira kuramba retinal munyama vangazivikanwa: lutein uye zeaxanthin.
4. Nhamba huru "vakasununguka radicals". Ivo wedzera ngozi nhengo degeneration munguva kakawanda.
5. Ethnic zvinhu. The chirwere zvikuru nevakawanda vanhu vane chiedza ziso ruvara. Chokwadi chokuti kuvaRungu ruvara arambe achirema huri the retina, yakaderera. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, uye chinopedza urongwa kuva mhanyisa, uyewo zviratidzo.
6. Usava kudya.
7. Kuva zvakananga chezuva pasina unodzivirira Eyewear.

The zvokurwara rinowanikwa kakawanda muna vanhu vane nhaka kuremedzwa anamnesis (pamberi chirwere kubva kuvabereki vavo, vanasekuru). Muzviitiko zvizhinji maperembudzi chirwere ari munhukadzi vemo.

Age-chokuita macular degeneration: ari pathophysiology acho

Kufanana chinopedza kuchinja zvose, hosha ane yakaoma mashandiro okukura. Mukuwedzera, pathogenesis pamusoro chinopedza pezvakaitwa vachiri otadza zvakazara kuongorora. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pasi pokudzora rwakashata zvinhu zviri macular zvinyama kaviri kusingarapiki kwazvinoita. Most kazhinji zvokurwara kachitanga vanhu vane zvemwoyo chirwere (atherosclerosis, chirwere cheshuga) uye kufutisa. Uyewo, chirwere ari inenge nguva dzose kuwanikwa pakati kusvuta vemo. Nokuda blockage ari vascular pamubhedha uye zvokudya ziso rinenge dzichiri zera-chokuita macular degeneration. The pathogenesis chirwere anobva kutyora redox mwero. Mukuru pakuita izvi zviri reDare vakasununguka radicals. Izvi zvinhu zviri yakaumbwa muna macula nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Chekutanga, nezuva yeyero panzvimbo yacho the retina kunoramba vachibatwa okisijeni uye chiedza. Uyezve, munzvimbo iyi pane nesumbu mafuta acids, izvo zvinoodza oxidize. Chimwe chinokonzera pathogenesis zvirwere ichaongororwa kuti rakatanga the retina. Pashure pezvose, ziso izvi sechinhu peripheral hamvuropu analyzer uye zvakabatana muuropi zvakananga. Saka, zviri kunyanya inonyatsoziva "okisijeni nzara".

All izvi zvinoita predispose kuti chokwadi chokuti zvinyama yacho macula zvishoma nezvishoma thins. Somugumisiro radicals sero membranes vaparadzwa. The the retina anova unetseke chiedza. Nokupesvedzera ultraviolet uye michini nemwaranzi AMD ari kukura kunyange nokukurumidza. pezvakaitwa zvose izvi kutungamirira ndechokuti epithelium yacho macula anotanga "kurasikirwa" ruvara receptors kaviri atrophy. Kana nguva haagumiri kuparadzwa macula rinenge yokuzviparadzanisa kunoitika. The chokupedzisira danho iri chitarisiko scarring uye upofu kukura.

Age-retinal degeneration

3 oga siyana macular degeneration. kupatsanura iyi inobva morphological kuchinja zvichiitika retinal tishu. Kupesana kwakadaro unodiwa kuona mazano kwokurapa chirwere chacho.

Mhando Morphological chirwere:

1. Age-chokuita macular degeneration - nyoro chimiro: dzinoratidzwa pamberi exudate. Ipfungwa iyi kashoma kuwanikwa 20% nyaya. It kunoratidzwa kukurumidza mberi kosi. Kana munhu maziso ari kuderera nokukurumidza (mumazuva mashomanana), unofanira chifungidziro chirwere, akadai zera-chokuita macular degeneration. The akanyorova chimiro hwapedyo wakakodzera neovaskulyazatsii, kureva nechitarisiko vakawanda midziyo vatsva the retina. Kufunga kukuvara muchitokisi membranes, avo permeability inowedzerawo. Somugumisiro, zviri kuva edema uye ropa.
2. Age-chokuita macular degeneration - yakaoma chimiro: dzinoratidzwa kunonoka chokubuda. Mune imwe nzira, izvi mhando zvokurwara inonzi atrophy. Dry zera-chokuita macular degeneration kunoitika muna 90% wevarwere. Kana kuonekwa akacherekedza drusen - chiedza atrophy maronda, kukundikana ruvara layer kuremara ari epithelium.
3. Vanga chimiro macular degeneration. Zvinonzi vaiona kwokupedzisira padariro AMD. Ichazivikanwa epithelium yokuzviparadzanisa uye inotungamirwa connective zvinyama (vanga). Muchiitiko ichi kwaiva kurasikirwa wakakwana wezvakaonekwa.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, yakaoma muchimiro AMD anopinda pleural shanduro chirwere. Izvi zvinoitika kazhinji munguva vascular maronda, uye kunyanya - shuga retinopathy. Kuchinja kwakadaro zvinoratidza kudzikira mune for uye ndiwo mureza yokukurumidzira matanho.

Zviratidzo pazera-chokuita macular degeneration

Zvichienderana muchimiro AMD, zvingaratidza kuva nezvishoma kana nokukurumidza. Kazhinji refu chokuita nguva-macular degeneration haasiri ayo kuvapo vainzwa kwemakore akawanda. In akaoma chimiro AMD, retinal drusen kuonekwa pamusoro - zvikamu atrophy. Nokuda chiratidzo ichi zvishoma nezvishoma kuipa. To mukuru pamwero anotambura ruvara layer nekuti izvo nokupenya mavara zvishoma akarasika. Visual acuity vanogona kuchinja, asi chete zvishoma. The akanyorova chimiro macular degeneration iri kukura nokukurumidza. Mumazuva mashoma, chiratidzo anogona kuderera chaizvo, kunyange upofu. Nokuda mumatenhere ndokuwedzera Kamudzira permeability kuti ropa rinogona kuitika izvo kuoneka kuti kupfeka ziso. Zviratidzo kuchengetwa AMD:

1. Kushandura musiyano uye nokupenya mufananidzo.
2. Kuderera ari mumufananidzo acuity.
3. Yakarukwa, kukanganisa zvinhu.
4. Blurred mufananidzo.
5. The pakuonekwa kuona munda kurasikirwa.
6. Kusakwanisa kuverenga pasinei kupfeka magirazi.

Tiine zvishoma nezvishoma chirwere zviratidzo chirwere angava ndisipo kwenguva refu. Zvadaro pane zvishoma nezvishoma Kuipa nechepakati chiratidzo. Kana kutarira mberi kupfuura chikamu mufananidzo inofambidzana zvikanganiswe. Zvisinei, peripheral (divi) chiono hwaponeswa. Zvishoma nezvishoma, njodzi nzvimbo inowedzerwa.

In nyoro chimiro AMD uye upofu vanga anouya nokukurumidza. Kusiyana yakaoma-mhando degeneration, peripheral chiratidzo haawanzopiwi anobudirira zvabatwa. With nenguva Mabatirwo AMD, upofu kukura zvinogona akamira.

Chirwere pazera-chokuita degeneration of the retina

Age-chokuita macular degeneration inogona chirwere mukutanga nezvishoma. Saka, vanhu vachitambura kubva vascular maronda, anofanira ndiongororwe ane ophthalmologist 1-2 pagore. AMD chirwere inobva nhoroondo uye chinokosha kuongorora. vanhu vakura kakawanda vanotsutsumwa pamusoro pakuonekwa "kusvibisa" pamberi, akafanana bvungapfunga. Chirwere "macular degeneration" rinowanzoshandiswa kwakaisa kuderera vakadzi, kunyanya kana nhoroondo mhando 2 cheshuga, atherosclerosis. Kuwedzera kuongorora, akaita dungwerungwe ophthalmic bvunzo. Pakati pavo - nokuyerwa kutarisana acuity, perimetry, stereoscopic biomicroscopy.

Kuongorora mamiriro midziyo rinoitwa fluorescein angiography fundus. Nokudzidza ichi, zvinokwanisika kuona mapazi yokuzviparadzanisa epithelium atrophy drusen, neovascularization. Zvisinei, nzira iyi paku Diagnostics ane contraindications uye njodzi. Saka usati wasarudza pamusoro zvatichaongorora kushanyira imwe ophthalmologist uye kuwana mazano ake.

How kurapa yakaoma chimiro macular degeneration?

Pamusoro kusimbisa nechirwere hwobva kutanga kurapwa pazera-ukama macular degeneration. Wakaoma chimiro chirwere kushoma nehasha, saka zviri amenable kuti zvinodhaka mishonga. Hazvina kubatsira kubvisa hosha yacho yose, asi kurega (sipidhi) mutoo kwemwedzi mishoma kana makore. Danho rokutanga kutevera zvokudya muna AMD. Yandakapiwa atrophic pezvakaitwa kuva nokuda kushayikwa carotenoids uye occlusion ropa nhumbi fundus, murwere unofanira kubvisa mafuta mhuka. Nokuti kudzivirira atherosclerotic maronda duku retinal arteries vanofanira kudya zvakawanda zvibereko, miti, miriwo. Uyezve, zvokudya zvichabatsira nekure kushayikwa kwemavhitaminzi uye zvicherwa.

Kugadzirisa vakasununguka radicals, Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vasapedza nguva vari zuva. Uyewo, varwere vanofanira zvinodya antioxidants. Izvi zvinosanganisira vhitamini E uye C. Kuti uvandudze ropa Kusasvika fundus inokurudzirwa kushandisa antiplatelet vamiririri, vasodilators.

Age-chokuita macular degeneration - nyoro chimiro: mishonga yezvirwere

Kana nemadhaka chimiro macular degeneration rinoitwa kwete yokurapa kurapa chete, asi kuvhiya. For nezvinodhaka, kuderedza ruvara rukoko of the retina zvinosanganisira "Lutein" mushonga uye "Zeaxanthin". zvinodhaka izvi nhengo boka antioxidants. Uyezve, Zvinokurudzirwa kudya zvokudya zvine zinc. Kana chirwere kwakasimbiswa somugumisiro chirwere cheshuga retinopathy, yaifanira pasi pokudzora hypoglycemic kurapa glycemic profile.

Kuvhiya nokurapa retinal degeneration

Imwe mishonga haisi kukwana, kana murwere chirwere "zera-chokuita macular degeneration." kurapwa chirwere vanofanira kubatanidzwa pamwe kuvhiya. Kunyanya nezvezvitadzo nemadhaka muchimiro AMD. Pari, anenge ose ophthalmic kiriniki wakaitwa Laser mishonga macular degeneration. Zvingava zvakasiyana. Pakusarudza nzira kunoenderana pachikuva uye kuratidzwa AMD zvokurwara. Pane zvinotevera nzira kuvhiya:

1. Laser photocoagulation pamusoro neovascular membranes.
2. "Vizudin" photodynamic husaberekana.
3. Transpupillary Laser termokorrektsiya.

Kana zvichiita uye hakuna contraindications, ishande ruvara epithelium transplantation, vitrectomy (ropa munzvimbo vitreous mutumbi ziso).

Kudzivirira pazera-chokuita degeneration of the retina

Matanho zvinosanganisira: zvokudya, uremu. Vascular maronda inokurudzirwa kusvuta kumbomira. Uyewo kudzivisa yakananga zuva vanhu vane chiedza ziso ruvara. Kuwedzera kudzivirira zvinoreva kushandisa mavhitaminzi uye kuronda zvinhu kusimbiswa.