Thyroid goiter

Follicles uye masero epithelial - ndiwo anokosha STRUCTURAL uye dzichipfekeka vezvikwata zviri thyroid shwanu. The chikuru chinoumba chinhu puroteni colloid - thyroglobulin. The rokuremekedza remubatanidzwa rinoreva glycoproteins. The biosynthesis pamusoro thyroid hormone uye vaparadzane kupinda muropa inotongwa thyrotropin Anterior pituitary (TSH), uyo kwetunhu dzinovhurika uye hwakaipa ne somatostatin tireoliberinom pituitary. Kana wevasungwa kuti ayodhini muropa thyroid kemikari pituitary mashandiro ipfupi uye yokushomeka - yakakura. Inosimudzira Kuwanda TSH chinokurwadzai pezvakaitwa amplification kwete chete iodinated kemikari biosynthesis, asiwo diffuse kana nodular hyperplasia isiri yekenza kuti munyama pamusoro thyroid shwanu.

Chirwere zvirwere thyroid yakaitwa kushandisa kurapwa, pathological uye nemakemikari uye morphological nzira. Zvinotevera wakagarira inobva Data vakawana zvirwere: endemic goiter, hypothyroidism, Graves 'chirwere, apo neapo goiter, prostatic bundu.

Graves 'chirwere kunoratidzwa ne hypersecretion pakati thyroid hormone diffuse hypertrophy yacho thyroid shwanu. Izvi zvokurwara kunoonekwa sechinhu majini yairevererwa autoimmune chirwere kureva enhaka. Kutsamwisa kukura goiter zvinotapuriranwa (yokuSpain, parainfluenza, inflyuensa), pharyngitis, tonsillitis, encephalitis, kushushikana, kushandisa ayodhini kugadzirira-refu. Maitiro nokuti chirwere riri diffuse (dzimwe nguva zvisiri pamutemo) kuwedzera thyroid cachexia.

Hashimoto inotaura autoimmune chirwere dzinoratidzwa maronda ari thyroid shwanu, kemikari usage nyonganyonga. Izvi fomu tireroidita dzinoratidzwa yadzikira kwetunhu mahormone (triiodothyronine, thyroxine) uye thyroid hypertrophy. zvokurwara Izvi kazhinji inyoreswe vakadzi pane muvarume.

Endemic goiter of thyroid shwanu - chirwere chirwere ichazivikanwa noku kuwedzera ari kwemakemikari anobudiswa omumuviri, kutyora ayo mashandiro, muviri, zvirwere zviri huta uye zvemwoyo nehurongwa. Kushayikwa ayodhini synergists (zingi, cobalt, mhangura, manganese) nekusazvidzora mhandu (calcium, strontium, kutungamirira, Bromo, magnesium, simbi, fluorine) kubatsira kukura chirwere.

Kunze ayodhini kushaikwa goitre kukura akaparirwa nokudya huru uwandu mishonga pamwe antithyroid yomuchipatara (goitrogens). Muchiitiko chino, zviri kuva hakuna zvinokuvadza goiter yacho thyroid shwanu. Refu ayodhini kushaikwa kwetunhu T3 uye T4 ipfupi. Nekuda nokukanganisika ndachinja mumuviri compensatory zvigadziriswe anosanganisira, zvikurukuru, vakawedzera secretion pamusoro TSH dzichiri prostate hyperplasia isiri yekenza (parenchymal goiter thyroid). Uyewo, kunowedzera adsorption pakati ayodhini kubudikidza thyroid shwanu (4-8 times), anowedzera kwetunhu kemikari T3, zvipenyu basa riri 5-10 nguva dzakakwirira kupfuura thyroxine. In ramangwana compensatory zvigadziriswe hatinyatsonzwisisi kubvisa zvinokonzerwa refu ayodhini kukanganisika. The kwemakemikari anobudiswa shwanu atrophied glandular rinenge cysts vari kuumbwa, adenoma, apo kuva connective zvinyama kuti ari kukura thymus hypertrophy yacho thyroid shwanu. Apo chirwere kuti "thyroid goiter" anetseka lipid, carbohydrate, mapuroteni, uye vhitamini uye chicherwa muviri.