Korzhavin Naum Moiseevich, Russian mudetembi uye munyori: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Nyanduri Korzhavin - yakasiyana unyanzvi munhu, izvo zvinofanira kuva kuziva zvose connoisseurs mabhuku uye mukuru-kirasi maitiro. Zvinosuruvarisa mudetembi hazvina kunyanya kuzivikanwa kunyange munyika yokumusha kwavo, kunyange zvazvo mupiro wayo pave netsika mabhuku hwakakura kwazvo. Chikonzero ndechokuti zvikuru banal uye izezzhena - kusvinwa ukama hurumende. akanga Korzhavin Naum Moiseevich Ndiani? Nhasi isu kutaura pamusoro kupenya Russian nyanduri, munyori wemitambo, novelist uye mushanduri. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kubudikidza zvose ake okugadzira zvinhu azara pfungwa huru - pamusoro rusununguko womunhu munhu, tsika dzayo uye tsika.

ruzivo

Korzhavin Naum Moiseevich, vane Biography vachange kuiswa echiShinto akaderera zvishoma, akaberekwa muna 1925 muKiev. Zita chairo Nyanduri - almond. Akanga mumhuri yechiJudha. About vabereki matarenda munhu chaizvoizvo hapana anozivikanwa. mashoko All anokosha akadzimwa mumapeji kare ... Unonzi kuti amai vake vaiva chiremba wemazino, uye sekuru vake - tzaddik (murume aitya Mwari, vanenge mutsvene).

The mukomana, uyewo zvose vana vakaenda kuchikoro. Zvisinei, zvikoro guta guru racho havana akauya nezvaanoda ake, uye pamberi hondo akanga akadzingwa ikoko. Mudetembi pachake ari netsamba dzake inoti chikonzero chaiva vachinetsana Kumutungamiriri tsika.

youth

Nahum Korzhavin, vane nhetembo dzakakurumbira zvikuru yakamanikana madenderedzwa ari munyika uye kunze, pamwe hwake aiva rakajeka unhu. Kunyange hwake akaona Nikolai Aseev - anozivikanwa mudetembi, munyori uye weNobel of Stalin Prize. Murume uyu akatanga mune ramangwana Moscow mabhuku ezvinhu pamwe unyanzvi asi kuzivikanwa munyori. Nikolai Aseev aiva wokutanga uyo akaona ari muduku uye vanotya rejaya nyanduri, ane maitiro kuchaita kuroverera vose. It dzinongoita yaiitirwa Korzhavin sezvinobvira uchinyatsobatanidzwa uye miganhu kukodzera munzvimbo mabhuku ezvinhu muMoscow kuti rakanga rizere navanhu, kwete chipo chete asiwo kagodo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Korzhavin Naum Moiseevich kumbova inotya - aigara akapindura noushingi uye pachena vavengi vavo. Chokwadi, yaiva chimwe nei haapiwi aida, asi airemekedzwa.

Kuenda kukoreji

Kana vakatanga Great Patriotic War, almond akanga akabviswa guru. Kuchiuto zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti iye, sezvo akanga achitambura myopia. The mudetembi wechiduku vakatamira kuMoscow muna 1944. Chinhu chokutanga chaakaita chakanga kupinda mabhuku Institute Gorky. Asi jaya rakanga dzakanaka simba ravo uye haana kuisa bvunzo. Pasinei nokuti kuedza yakanga kubudirira chionekeso, hazvina kukanganisa kurwa mweya jaya. Haina ogorchilolo akangouya kwaireva kuti aizova nesimba kugadzirira uye achaenda mberi gore rinouya.

Kufanorongerwa Zvichaitika Muupenyu ichizviisa kuramba. Gore rakatevera, muna 1945, Korzhavin Naum Moiseevich zvechokwadi anoenda kuchikoro. A kuziva chokwadi kuti vavakidzani vake hostel vaiva vanhu vakadai Vladimir Tendriakov uye Rasul Gamzatov.

kusunga

Nokukurumidza paitonga Stalin rati pamusoro cosmopolitanism, iyo akabata uye yedu gamba. Muna 1947, mudetembi akasungwa. Iye anoyeuka zvakajeka kwazvo. Zvichida, zvakaoma kukanganwa zuva kana upenyu hwako husisina kumira. Kubva ndangariro Nyanduri Ndinoziva kuti zvakanga mangwanani, Rasul Gamzatov simba nehope ambonwa kamwe uye chete vakadanidzira kutya "Uripiko?".

Kupfuura 8 months refu uye zvakaoma Korzhavin Naum Moiseevich mubasa Institute. Serbian State Security uye ushumiri USSR. Pakupedzisira, mudetembi akatongerwa. Special Musangano of MGB akatongera naye kuutapwa ave chinhu ngozi munzanga. Mumatsutso 1948 almond akaendeswa kuutapwa kuSiberia. Ikoko akagara mumusha Chumakov. Kwemakore matatu aakapedza ari kuKaraganda, kubva 1951 kusvika 1954. Pasinei chokwadi kuti upenyu haana kudaro, sezvo ndinoda jaya, haana kurasa kutenda pachako, muupenyu uye yemberi nani. Naum Moiseevich haana kutambisa nguva zvakakomba uye anorwadza kufungisisa nei zvaitika kwaari, sei kurarama pashure peizvi, pane ramangwana ... Akango vakararama uye aiziva nguva yake aizouya. Zvinofadza kuti paaigara kuKaraganda, iye kunyange kuendesa ndakadzidzira migodhi foromani kukoreji.

Mushure ruregero, iyo yakaitika muna 1954, mudetembi akakwanisa kudzoka kuna Moscow. Nechekare akanga rehabilitated pashure pemakore maviri. Nokukurumidza mudetembi akapora nenguva mabhuku Institute, kudzidza muna 1959.

Vadzokera Moscow almond aifanira chouviri. nyaya iyi zvakanga zvakakomba zvikuru, nekuti kumirira rubatsiro kubva zvimwe mapato ndisina. Panguva ino anotanga awane chouviri mushanduro. Nechekare munguva iri "nyungudika" akabudisa nhetembo dzake mumagazini chaiko. Hazviiti kuti ave mheni uye dizzying kubudirira, asi nanhasi kuverenga. Sezvo bhuku mumagazini vaiva sketchy uye haangotongi, mukurumbira chinokosha zvave zvakaoma kuita. Wide mukurumbira akauya munyori pashure racho enhetembo kuunganidzwa "Tarusa Pages" muna 1961. muunganidzwa idzva rakanzi "Makore" anobuda mumakore maviri. Iye ingasanganisira Ndima munyori kubva 1941 kusvika 1961. nguva ino zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo, asi zvibereko nokuda almond. Zvinofadza kuti muna 1967 kuti zvaakasika "Kamwe ramakumi maviri" akanga kufanorongwa mutambo mu masvingo Theater pakati K. S. Stanislavskogo.

Korzhavin mudetembi aiva nyanduri pamutemo kwete chete. Vazhinji mabasa ake zvakatobudiswa samizdat siyana mazita. Nokukurumidza mabhuku Korzhavina vakava wakarambidzwa, uye kuti iye akashanda yechipiri yezana Kuma1960, aishingaira akasimuka kuti "vasungwa hana" zvakadai, sezvo Galanskov, Ginsburg, Daniel uye Sinyavsky.

kuenda kumwe

Nahum Korzhavin, ane mabhuku zvino rarambidzwa, havana kuramba vakanyarara, uye kupesana wake hurumende kwira. Muna 1973, panguva inotevera kubvunzurudzwa, muchuchisi mudetembi akanyora mashoko mbudo kubva nyika, vachiti "kushayikwa mhepo upenyu." Where ndikaenda nyanduri? Iye vakagara Boston, USA. Maksimov zvaisanganisira panzvimbo ndandanda nhengo wedzero bhodhi iri "Continent" - a rokusika nzira Korzhavin uye haana kufunga kupotsera. Muna 1976, Federal Republic of Germany kana pane, kuFrankfurt am Main, iye yakabudiswa dzakaunganidzwa nemunyori, rakanzi "Nguva", uye muna 1981 - "Plexus".

pashure kuchinja

Pashure kugadzirisa munyori ndakava nomukana kushanyira Russia. Akava kuronga nhetembo kuverengwa uye kukurukura mabhuku creators nguva. The kekutanga kwakaitika muMoscow muna yechipiri yezana 1980 panguva pachavo kukoka Bulat Okudzhava. Mudetembi akataura Mumba cinema, apo paiva vakawanda vanhu: imba Yakanga yakatsvikinyidzana kurutivi balconies kuisa mamwe chair. Panguva apo Okudzhava uye Korzhavin pamwe wakauya parutivi, rose vateereri, kubudikidza zvarayirwa mutongi asingaoneki, akasimuka uye maoko. Zvisinei, zvakaratidzwa nyanduri akatambura zvikuru zvakawanda kubva pauduku hwake, saka aisagona kuona panosvikira yakadaro. Bulat munzeve yake, maitiro horo, pashure iyo almond zvinooneka kunyara. Usiku huno akaverenga nhetembo dzake uye mibvunzo vakanga vakawarira akasiyana zvikamu pechivanze, uye kuti akanga asiri mugumo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuverenga mabasa ake, aisagona bhuku, saka azviita nomusoro: chikonzero ndiye - chiratidzo. Kana totaura verenga chimwe chinhu kubva mubhuku kusvika padanho anomuka vatambi vakakurumbira uye verenga ndima yokutanga kuti Anobata ziso. Wokutanga akaratidza chido kuverenga nhetembo ari tenzi huru Igor Kvasha - mutambi pakati yemitambo "Contemporary". Yakanga vakatevera sutu uye nevamwe.

Vanechitsama mazuva pashure yakadaro abudirire kuita uye kugamuchirwa Korzhavin akashanyira mitambo wenhau Arkadiya Galinskogo. Vaitaurirana kwenguva refu uye vakafara kuti nyika inoshanduka. Pasinei neizvi, apo almond akati: "Handitendi mazviri." Personal kuyeuka uye kubvunzurudza ari munyori anogona kuonekwa muvhidhiyo firimu, 2005 "Vakasarudza Rusununguko", kutungamirirwa Vladimir Kara-Murza.

political maonero

Memories uye journalistic nyaya Korzhavina zvizere-shanduka kwake political maonero. Paaiva muduku, izvozvo vakaramba paitonga Stalin hurongwa zvachose, apo zvishoma mekuparadzanisa pfungwa yoMushandirapamwe. Zvapedzisira kudavira anobva kusiyana upenyu chaihwo uye komiyunizimu zvechokwadi. Zvinotaurwa nyanduri anodaro pachena chinetso uye kuzvidemba, zviri nezvokuti akaedza kupembedza Stalin akawana zviito zvake panopera Hondo Yenyika II zvakanaka. Zvinofadza kuti maonero aya vakaramba kunyange pashure yakakurumbira kusungwa. Asi pavaiva muutapwa Korzhavin akadzokera komiyunizimu uye dzairamba Stalinism.

Munyori pachake anoti yechiKomonisiti fungidziro akasiya muna 1957. Nokuti ichi chaiva kuenda kumwe yake kuUnited States paakanga kurudyi of political chakarondedzera (sezvinoita vakawanda vanotodzoka kubva Soviet Union). Mumabhuku aro, muvambi zvakajeka uye vakashinga akatsoropodza komiyunizimu uye zvose siyana gutsaruzhinji uye echimurenga maitiro uye vaishora Western "shamwari USSR". Sam akazvipa tsanangudzo "worupo kuchinja kana worupo vanotyisa." Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti gakava, "Russophobes" uye "Russophile" akatora nzvimbo yokupedzisira, vachidzivirira tsika yokumusha kwavo.

Nechekare muna 1990-2000, nyaya ake azere nokuzvidzwa kutsoropodzwa komiyunizimu uye yakakura liberalism. mabasa ake chaiko vakazara tsika dzechiKristu, uye inobudisa Russian tsika chetsika. Iye akaramba kuti tsika anofanira kutorwa kwete uwandu asi unhu. Work, havana pfungwa yakadzika yevanhu, ane zvishoma uremu, kunze yokuvaraidza kuverenga zvinhu muimba yokugezera.

Nahum Korzhavin, vane nhetembo vari zvinoshamisa, asi rakanga pamusoro kudanana uye chains-garde kuzvidza duku murume. Iye akaramba kuti mabhuku akasika vanhuwo zvavo uye vanofanira kushanda navo. Chete tsika kuti ane zvinoenderana inogona kunzi sezvo kugutsa mifananidzo kudiwa muverengi. Iye akaramba kuti kana pasina chido zvinoenderana, chinhu banal kuzviremekedza zvinotaura kuburikidza rezvipfuwo. Pachishandiswa zvinzvimbo izvi, iye revisited zvinokonzerwa nenguva "Silver Age". Ake vatsoropodzi vakambonzwa kunyange Blok uye A. Ahamatova, asi vakawanda ake ose akatambudzika Brodsky. In basa rake "Genesis" manyorero netarisiro shasha ", kana ngano mukuru Brodsky" Korzhavin zvikuru akatsoropodza kunamatwa nyanduri. Prose Nahum Korzhavina kunoda vainyatsotarisirwa kubva admirers uye nyanzvi basa rake. It kuonekwa prose chii mudetembi akanga chiduku pfungwa anogona zvakajeka.

mhuri

mudzimai wokutanga waiva munyori Valentin almond, iyo Elena mwanasikana. Mukadzi nyanduri rechipiri raiva philologist Rudo Rwechokwadi, muchato kubvira 1965 kusvika 2014, apo kukwegura akatora upenyu womukadzi. Zvinozivikanwa kuti nhasi Korzhavin nemwanasikana wake anogara Chapel Hill North Carolina.

chinokudza

Works Korzhavina (almond) Naum Moiseevich vakanga chiratidzo 2006 ane mubairo chaiyo "Nokuti mupiro mabhuku," "The Big Book" mubayiro. Uyewo 2016, Mandela akanga paakavapa ari "Mudetembi" National mubayiro.

ongororo okugadzira zvinhu

Mundima ino, tichaongorora mimwe nhetembo, iyo yatakapiwa Naum Korzhavin. "The Ballad nhau kushaya hope" nenzira chibhende chaizvo nzira hurukuro chii vainzi Lenin kuchinja. Nhetembo ndiyo inopinza chaizvo uye neushingi, hazvishamisi kuti nyanduri haana kubvumirwa kubudisa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti veruzhinji kwomusikirwo chisikwa ichi chakanga vose vaiva nehana, nekuti hakuna munhu akamboenda aibvuma saka kuseka pachena panguva simba. Chokwadi, nokuti ichi Naum Moiseevich tinoshandisa mabhii ikava matambudziko makuru, asi pemitsara vachiri kurarama, uye achaverengwa kumarudzi ramangwana, ndiani acharangarira zvikuru ushingiwo Korzhavina mitsetse. Pasinei yokuti ndima yokutanga rinonzwika kusetsa uye satirical, pashure kuverenga anoramba vamwe "aftertaste" iri wose uye njodzi. Zvinoshamisa kuti detembo iri rakakodzera nokuti nguva dzose ...

Nahum Korzhavin ( "Kubvira ndichiri muduku Ndaifarira denderedzwa") akanyora kwete musara zvakakomba chete, asiwo unyatsonzwisisa nyore. In detembo iri pamusoro Anenge achiti banal zvinhu, asi munhu subtext yakajeka oneka chaizvo. It kunoratidzwa ose basa nyanduri - mashoko nyore nyore manyorerwo, asi pfungwa yakadzika uye yakarurama nevanopinda mumutsetse wega. Sei makona, nei kunzwisisa maumbirwo upenyu? Sei izvi zvose, kana pane denderedzwa, kana kuti unogona kugadzirisa matambudziko murunyararo uye pasina vanotambura? Sei kuva munyoro uye mhando unovhunduka murume munyika duku Soviet Union, uye kana zvichiita panguva imwe chete kuramba munhu - ndizvo zvakataurwa mubvunzo kunopiwa Naum Korzhavin.

"Variations pamusoro Nekrasov" ndiyo dzakaunganidzwa "Plexus" yemunyori, yakabudiswa muna 1981 mu Germany. Nei tichifanira kuteerera kwakadaro shoma ndima? Sezvambotaurwa, Korzhavin - ari nyanduri, umo nhamba mitsetse uye vatambi asina kutamba zvachose hapana basa. Inogona kugumisa yakawanda mupfungwa mune stanza kana "rongedza" pfungwa dzavo mune ballad. Nhetembo inotiudza mukadzi Russian: nyore, vakashinga uye vakasimba. Muchiitiko chino, ayo National hunhu ( "kumisa bhiza kumhanya ...") tisingazvioni kusekwa, achiratidza kuti kwemakore, asi hapana inoshanduka. The mukadzi, uyo anofanira kuva mutarisiri pachoto uye musha kunyaradzwa, anoramba "kumisa mabhiza uye kupinda mumba unopfuta." Ndima iyi kwave vachinzwisisa kuti zvinoshamisa kudziya kunyange munhukadzi vateereri, waiva mumwe chikonzero chokufunga nezvebasa ravo munzanga. Ndyaringo uye kwakajeka Korzhavina kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuverenga nhetembo, asi anobata vamwe hungiso kwomweya.

Nahum Korzhavin nhetembo zvakanyorwa pamusoro mukadzi vanyatsohuongorora, achiziva kuti kusimba uye akatunhidzwa hadzi hunhu. Muchiitiko chino, hazvigoni mhosva ndechokuti inokanganisa hwakapararira zvakaratidzwa mukadzi mumabasa ake. It harishandisi mabhuku chipo kugumbura, vanotuka kana kunyadzisa hadzi chechikadzi chero nzira. Iye chete anotarira pfungwa dzinokosha kuti aite vakadzi muka uye pachedu kuburikidza maziso zvakasiyana. Korzhavin Naum Moiseevich (sydäntä ndangariro ndima ndiyo yakanakisisa rutsigiro) kuburikidza zvose ake basa chaiko anotakura ipfungwa yakanaka pamusoro "kurota" somunhu inert uye pusa vanhu. zvakafanana Izvi zvinogona kuwanika anenge ose mabasa nemunyori.

Vamwe Ndima munyori shoma hanya autobiographical nguva. Somuenzaniso, nhetembo "Iwe pachako akaratidza zvinorumbidzwa kushingaira ..." anoudza yemunyori ukama mudzimai wake wokutanga. Zvinofadza kuti pasinei nokuti muchato wavo vakarambana, murume nounyoro uye tichimutya reminisces pamusoro wake aimbova mudzimai wake "musikana mano." Korzhavin Naum Moiseevich dzorudo aida kunyorera. Chaizvoizvo, hapana chinoshamisa ichi. Asi kunyange kana iye anonyora pamusoro mukadzi, mitsetse ake azere nounyoro kwakadaro uye akanyarara, rudo chinyararire, izvo anokwanisa chete akanakisisa varume. Kwete mitsara yakawanda kudaro munyori kuna mufananidzo vakadzi, asi nhetembo avo, vakaberekerwa, akafanira chemhando rumbidzo.

The guru mukana munyori uyu kuti iye, kusafanana vazhinji vezera rake uye vamutangira, vakatsvaka kuperedzera kuwirirana. Akanyora, kuti rokuvandudza muverengi, mumupe maparera kufunga. Handidi kutaura mazita chaizvo, asi vakawanda inonyatsozivikanwa vadetembi vari airemekedzwa mu Russian mutsika akatsvaka chete nokuzvidzora okuti. Izvi runoratidzwa chokuti basa ravo rakanga kazhinji hwokuzvikuvadza, anoparadza uye vachizvidza vakadzi. Pasinei chokwadi kuti aiva akanaka manyorerwo uye tarenda Nyanduri, vakashandisa izvozvo chete kuratidza maonero avo pamusoro nyika, apo Naum Korzhavin akashanda kuti vazadze muverengi nechiedza uye simba. Taura pamusoro izvi zvinogona kuva refu kwazvo uye nesimba, asi zvakakwana kutora dzakaunganidzwa Korzhavina nevamwe vadetembi (kunyanya "Silver Age") uye kuti kuenzanisa manzwiro avo pashure pokuverenga vaviri ndima. Heunoi bvunzo nyore kunzwisisa zvinorehwa okugadzira zvinhu Nahum Korzhavina uye kunzwa zvikuru nyika yake.

Achipfupikisa migumisiro ino, ndinoda kutaura kuti Korzhavin (almond) Naum Moiseevich vakabatsirawo zvikuru kuti kukura mabhuku uye tsika dzavo yokumusha. Uyu murume ane tsamba guru, iyo akaenda upenyu hwake hwose mberi pasinei. Sezvatakadzidza kubva nyaya, akanga ararama akapfuma uye refu upenyu, izvo kumurova gore negore. Kunyange uchisiya mabhuku nguva (apo achizviita - a mhosva), unogona kuyemura Korzhavin sechimwe murume akafamba chiremera zvakaoma uye minzwa yakadaro nzira imwe. Kutora uyewo kufunga mabhuku tarenda rake uye mupfumi nemagariro nhaka zvizvarwa zvaizotevera, tinogona kutaura kuti Naum Moiseevich - ndiye munhu aizova muenzaniso mukuru kusvikira kuchizvarwa muduku imwe nyika kuti anoda kukura vakashinga, akazvimirira uye vanhu vakasununguka.