Alexander Schmemann: biography nemifananidzo

MuChechi yeOrthodox yemazuva ano, hapana nyanzvi inozivikanwa zviri nani, musayendisiti, mumishinari kupfuura Baba Alexander Schmemann, avo vakazvitsaurira hupenyu hwake mukushandira pfungwa dzechiKristu dzakakwirira. Nhoroondo yake yezvinyorwa uye yebhaibheri yakashandura pfungwa yevanhu vazhinji pamusoro pechitendero uye chiKristu. Anofarira hurumende yakakodzera kwete kwete chete pakati peOrthodox, asiwo pakati pevaKaturike.

Hama

Shmemann Alexander Dmitrievich akabva kumhuri yakanaka, uyo akamanikidzwa kubva muumambo hweRussia mushure mekuvandudza.

• Sekuru Nikolai Eduardovich Shmemann (1850-1928) aiva nhengo yeHurumende Duma.
• Baba Dmitry Nikolaevich Shmemann (1893-1958) akanga ari mukuru weuto reTsarist.
• Amai Anna Tikhonovna Shishkova (1895-1981) vakabva kumhuri yakanaka.

Alexander Schmemann akanga asiri mwana oga mumhuri. Twin brother Andrei Dmitrievich (1921-2008) ndiye mutungamiriri wechechi mukuremekedza chimiro chaamai vaMwari "Chiratidzo". Mukuwedzera, iye akatungamirira sangano reRussian cadets mukutapwa. Akashanda muguta guru reWest-East Exarchate rePatriatriate yeConstantinople, achiita semunyori we diocese uye mumiririri mumwechete weHatriarchate weConstantinople.

Hanzvadzi Elena Dmitrievna (1919-1926) vakafa mucheche, vasingaoni matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehupenyu hwemumiririri.

Nzira Youpenyu: Paris

Alexander Schmemann akazvarwa musi waSeptember 13, 1921 muEstonia muguta reRevel. Muna 1928 mhuri yakatamira kuBelgrade, uye muna 1929, kufanana nevazhinji vakabva kune imwe nyika, vakagara muParis.

Muna 1938 akazopedza kudzidza kuRussian Cadet Corps, iri muVerasle. Gore rakatevera akazopedza kubva kuRyceum yeCarnot. Muna 1943, paaiva mudzidzi weSt. Sergius Theological Institute muParis, Alexander akaroora hama yeArchpriest Mikhail Osorgin. Mudzimai wake Ulyana Tkachuk akava shamwari yakatendeka kwemakore mazhinji ehupenyu. Muna 1945, Alexander Schmemann akapedza kudzidza kubva kuSt. Sergius Theological Institute. Mudzidzisi wake uye muchengeti wekutsvakurudza kwakaitwa A. A. Kartashev saka hazvishamisi kuti musayendisiti wechidiki akatakurwa nenhoroondo yechechi, achitevera mutungamiri wake. Chirevo chake chakanga chakanyorwa pane unyanzvi hwepamusoro, zvichienderana nekuzvidzivirira kwake, akakumbira kuti arambe ari mudzidzisi pachikoro chekudzidzisa.

Mukuwedzera kune zvinyorwa zvataurwa pamusoro apa, akapedza kudzidza kuSybonne University. Muna 1946, Alexander Schmemann akagadzwa kutanga kumadhikoni, uyezve kuvapuritori. Nguva yekugara kwake muParis yaiva yakakura, kunze kwekuzadzikisa mabasa evapristi uye zvekuita basa, Baba Alexander vaiva mhariri-mukuru webhuku re diocesan "Church Herald".
Kunyange panguva yehupenyu hwake hwevadzidzi, akatora chikamu mubasa rehurumende yechiRussia pakati pevechidiki nevadzidzi. Pane imwe nguva akatoshumira semutungamiri wavo uye sachigaro wemisangano yevechidiki.

Nzira Youpenyu: New York

Muna 1951, Baba Alexander vakatama nemhuri yavo kuenda kuAmerica.
Mune nguva kubva muna 1962 kusvikira muna 1983 akatungamira St. Vladimir yemasheni yeminari. Muna 1953, mupirisita Alexander Schmemann akakwidziridzwa kusvika pachikwata che archpriest.
Muna 1959, muParis, akadzivirira chirevo chake chechiremba pamusoro we "Liturgical Theology." Muna 1970 akapiwa mukana wekugadzwa kwevashandi vepamusoro, yepamusoro-soro muChechi yevacheche (vakaroora) vafundisi. Protopresbyter Alexander Schmemann akaita basa rinokosha pakuwana rusununguko rwechechi (autocephaly) yeAmerican Orthodox Church. Akafira musi waDecember 13, 1983 muNew York.

Kudzidzisa Mabasa

Mune nguva kubva muna 1945 kusvika muna 1951 Alexander akashanda semudzidzisi wekereke yezvakaitika kuSt. Sergius Theological Institute. Kubva muna 1951, mushure mekukoka kwaakagamuchira kubva kuSt. Vladimir yemasayire yeminari, akatamira kuUnited States. Muchikoro ichi chekudzidzisa akapiwa nzvimbo yevadzidzisi. Mukuwedzera pakudzidzisa mumusinari, Schmemann akatungamirira sarudzo kuColumbia University, yakatsaurirwa munhoroondo yeEastern Christianity. Kwemakore makumi matatu akaita purogiramu yeredhiyo yakatsaurirwa kunzvimbo yeChechi muAmerica.

Inonyanya kushanda

• "Chechi nechechi yakarongeka";
• "Sakaramende Yekubhabhatidzwa";
• "Nhoroondo yeAorthodoxy";
• "Mharidzo yedzidziso yezvematongerwo enyika";
• "Nokuda Kwoupenyu Hwenyika";
• "Mharidzo yezvidzidzo zvezvechitendero: Nzira yezvidzidzo pamusoro pezvidzidzo zvechikoro";
• "Makaramende neOrthodoxy";
• "Eucharist: Sacamende yeMambo";
• "Chechi, nyika, basa: Mifungo yeOrthodoxy kuMadokero";
• "Kutsigira kukuru."

Literary heritage

Nhaka yemudzidzi uyu inokwezva kwete vadzidzisi vekumba chete, asiwo inonakidza kune munhu wekuMadokero, nokuti anoziva iyo yekupedzisira neyokumabvazuva kwechechi tsika, iyo inobva mumurenje uye inodzokera kune anchorites ekare.

Pasina mubvunzo, iyo Western Western yechiKristu, Katurike, uye mushure mekubuda kwePurotesitendi, yakarasikirwa nehukama huno, ichitenderera kune tsika dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika, yakarasikirwa tambo yakabatana pakati pehupenyu hunoshamisa hwechechi uye zvinhu zvezuva nezuva. Izvi zvakataurwa zvakare naAlexander Schmemann.

Mabhuku aakashanda pane ainyanya kuzvipira mibvunzo yeitoriki, nokuti iri muLiturgy uye Eucharist iyo inoshamwaridzana nevanhu vakawanda naMwari, uye naizvozvo ichi ndicho chinokwezva muKristu uye chinova chinzvimbo chekuona nyika yake.

Mumabasa ake, Alexander Dmitrievich anonzwisisa kushanduka kwechitendero chechiKristu. Kubva mukutevedzera maitiro echirevo eEssenes uye vanyori kuhubatanidzwa hwehupenyu hwemitoriki muVIII yezana inosanganisira nzvimbo yakawanda yekuedza kwakasiyana-siyana kuumba kufanana uye kuvimbiswa kwemazwi echirairo. Anofunga nezvechimiro chechiKristu mumabhuku ake Alexander Schmemann. I "Great Post" - nhaurirwo yakatsaurirwa kungofanirwa kufungisisa kwehupenyu hwechiKristu, yakakonzera maonero akasiyana-siyana munharaunda yakadzidza.

Icho chete chiitiko chezvechiitiko ndechimwe chemashoko makuru eSchmemann wezvesayenzi. Kuongorora kwezvinyorwa zvematoriki zvinogona kubatsira vaKristu vemazuva ano kuti vanzwisise kunamatwa kwemazuva ano uye vanoratidzika nechinangwa chisingadikanwi chechiito ichi.

Kuparadzirwa kwemasayari

Muna 1973, kukodha kwokutanga kwakagadzirwa mubhuku guru. Protopresbyter Alexander Schmemann akaita izvi mushure mokuverenga tsanangudzo yaFyodor Dostoyevsky. Hama Brothers Karamazov. Mune diary yake, haangorondedzeri zviitiko zvake nezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana muhupenyu hwake, asiwo anotaura nezvezviitiko zvinowanikwa muhupenyu hwechechi panguva iyoyo yakaoma. Pasina mubvunzo, vatungamiriri vechechi vazhinji vakawana nzvimbo yavo mune zvinyorwa zvake. Mukuwedzera kune izvi zvose, mabhuku akabudiswa ane mafungiro pane zviitiko izvo mhuri yeSchmemann yakave nayo mushure mekubva kuRussia. Bhuku remasayari ake rakaitika muna 2002 muchiChirungu, uye muna 2005 minyorwa yake yakashandurirwa muchiRussia.

Maitiro asina kunaka

Hazvinganzwisisiki kuti chinzvimbo chaAlexander Schmemann chakatarisana neSoviet Union chakanga chisina hanya. Mumashoko ake uye kuparidzirwa, akaramba achipomera vatungamiriri vemunyika maonero asina kunaka nechechi yeRussian Orthodox. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mamiriro pakati peROC neZRPP ainge achinetsa.
Nokudaro, mabasa emunyori haana kukwanisa kupinda muUSSR.

Mamiriro acho haana kuchinja mushure mekuparadzwa kweSoviet Union. Nhamba yevabhishopu veOrthodox Church, vari veboka rakanyanyochengetedza, tarisa Protopresbyter Alexander Schmemann muhedheni uye vadzivisa kuverenga zvinyorwa zvesayenzi.

Muenzaniso unotyisa ndeyekudziviswa kwekuverenga mabasa ake paEkaterinburg Theological School. Bhishopi wekutonga Nikon akatengesa Alexander Schmemann anathema uye akadzivisa vadzidzi kuverenga zvinyorwa zvake. Chikonzero, icho chakashandira kutora chisarudzo chakadai, chisingazivikanwi. Pasinei nezvose, Alexander Schmemann, uyo maitiro ake anoramba ari muenzaniso wehurumende yehufundisi, ndiwo mutemo wehupenyu hwemufundisi.