"Angara" (booster): nokurondedzerwa uye run

Achibhururuka nzvimbo mumakore gumi apfuura mushure pakuparurwa rokutanga satellites vava saka kakawanda kuti paavhareji murume ari mumugwagwa shure kwavo kuona haisi nokungwarira zvikuru. In Earth muchadenga kuramba tenderera mazana mano zvinangwa zvakasiyana. The satellites zvinopa kukurukurirana, zvokuongorora, navigation, vari kushandiswa yokutsvakurudza, uye ave nomuzikamwi zvaiva nechokuita upenyu ano, zvakadai maserura, Laser vaverengi, kana hrs, izvo nezvizvarwa aigona chete hope noushingi.

Asi hazvizivi nzvimbo zvinhu kunodiwa kuratidza kutsvakwa muchadenga, uye rakanga mumabhizimisi chete ndicho zvifambiso akuitira autoenterprises, vendege, kutumirwa makambani kuenda njanji. Russia - nyika mutungamiriri hurukuro satellites vari pedyo-Earth nzvimbo. Space chitundumuseremusere "Angara", sokuti, huchakurumidza kuva mukuru chishandiso basa.

Pamusoro Centrifugal simba

Pashure pokuwa USSR, Russia iri pamutemo kunyimwa yayo huru cosmodrome, Baikonur ari munharaunda uye rava Kazakh. Kurishandisa Chokwadi, zvichiita, asi kuti unofanira ikozvino mari, uye wandei. Zvikonzero nei nezvekutanga Mapedhi wokutanga Soviet chitundumusere-musere dzakavakwa kumaodzanyemba kwenyika yacho, zviri nyore. The pedyo neequator ari cosmodrome, kunokonzera Centrifugal simba anokonzerwa vachishandisa kutenderera nyika yacho akabatana. Saizvozvowo, simba regiravhiti yokukunda chombo nyore inoda shoma fuel (mimwe mienzaniso: Cape Canaveral Guinea). kuvimba Russia panyaya dzimwe nyika, kunyange ushamwari chaizvo, ndiye zvisingadiwi. Cosmodrome "Plesetsk" uye "East" - kanda ichi chitsva Mapedhi kubva riri kutarisirwa mune ramangwana aite kanda. "Angara", chizvarwa chitsva inotakura chitundumuseremusere, kuti simba zvokuti muna muchadenga yezvokutengeserana zvinhu panguva latitudes kuchamhembe Baikonur.

CB basa

The unyanzvi Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva uye basa iri pamwe navo CB ( "Energy", Bureau ainzi V. P. Makeeva, "Energomash" uye vamwe.) Rave tasked kusika chisinganzwisisiki, nezvaanogona dzavo zvakatevedzana kuti chakarondedzera yamboshandiswa vatakuri. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirwa Ukraine "Purotoni", "Dutu" uye "Zenit-2". Vose mimwe idzi nzvimbo michina kwaiva kutsiva chitundumuseremusere "Angara". Technical zvechadenga rakasiyana-siyana nhau yakasiyana ukobvu uye kurema payload kuti muchadenga. Kuti vawane yose sezvakaita, dzaida itsva Conceptual nzira.

First Deputy Director General pamusoro SPC pavo. Khrunichev AA Medvedev munguva basa rake racho doctorate. Gare gare, akanga akatungamirira magadzirirwo chikwata.

The modular patani

Soviet vezvenhau kubvira pakutanga yakavakwa pamusoro modular musimboti. Panguva "Vostok" injini vakaiswa Mabhokisi mana dzakapoteredza Hull zvombo. Basa aisangova kuumba simba chaizvo gadziriro inokwanisa kutakura inorema nhumbi kupinda muchadenga pamberi vagadziri State Space Khrunichev Research uye Production Center. Vaifanira vagoronga mhuri motokari kuti kugona dzakasiyana chokuendesa pedyo-Earth nzvimbo zvinhu negurumwandira zvakasiyana. Saka pakanga dzakatevedzana "Angara".

Booster zvinosanganisira magadzirirwo ayo zvakasikwa module mu embodiments "hanga 1,1" uye "1,2 Angar". Three kana shanu pfungwa pave zvikuru kukwanisa makirasi hunotevedzana "Angara-A3" uye "Angara-A5". dzematongerwe Izvi zvinopa hurongwa mukana wokushandiswa uye anowedzera zvebhizimisi zvinogona yeRussian nzvimbo sangano, vane rusununguko kuva runoenderana uye ichengetedzwe mari.

Pane imwe musiyano sokuronga inokosha uye zvinobatsira, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva "Angara" - booster akavaka zvachose muRussia uye anouya chete mudzimba dzakabatana uye nemagungano. Recent zviitiko zvinoratidza upfumi profitability pakati yepasi pose uye kwesayenzi uchangamire Russian Federation.

zvekushandisa date

The chikuru indekisi - uremu, izvo zvinogona kuiswa muchadenga ive chitundumuseremusere "Angara". Technical zvatariswa kuvimba nhamba dziri kugadzirwa nokudenga modules ake. At simba kupfuura shanduro mutakuri (akatevedzana A-7, maererano neuwandu PA) panguva zvachose kurema pamusoro 1,100 matani payload matani 35. Izvi pamusoro sezvaaidya aigona kumutsa "Purotoni-M", kutangira Baikonur. Boka pakati ndiyo shanduro A-3, inogona kutakura matani 14.6 achiri anoyera 481 tani. Pakupedzisira, lightest chitundumuseremusere - "Angara", zvainyanya iyo dzinoenderana kwete chaizvo kura uye inorema zvinhu, izvo kazhinji vanoda kuratidza ari nzvimbo (matani 3.8).

Kuwedzera Kuchinja configuration, pane chimwe chinhu chinokosha chokufunga kuti kunowedzera makwikwi yeRussian vezvokutengeserana nzvimbo kudziongorora. The modular Magadzirirwo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore uye isingadhuri chokuendesa zvenhau kusvikira kanda nzvimbo. Rockets anogona kuunza kunyange njanji disassembled.

zvezvakatipoteredza

Kushandiswa heptyl sezvo huni rinorema motokari pavanoparidza zvikuru chepfu oxidants anosika ngozi kwezvakatipoteredza kusvibiswa nzvimbo kana petsaona kana zvimwe zvashata ezvinhu. Hwaro nomumwe yezvisikwa chitundumuseremusere Unit, chine keriya "Angar" RD-191 ndiyo injini uchishanda eparafini RG-1. The oxidizing mumiririri iri liquefied okisijeni, izvo yekudyidzana anowedzera yakachengeteka wegadziriro uye kuderedza migumisiro inokuvadza zvakatipoteredza. Pakazoti neimwe nya- module 212,6 kunotangira vaise.

patani

Conceptual magadzirirwo akanga zvatenderwa Yu. N. Koptevym, musoro Rosaviakosmos, uye aifarirwa Bazi Defence, uyo utongi hunosanganisira zvinhu KB. Basa vakaenda makore gumi, somugumisiro zvikabva akaedzwa. Muna 2008, moto kuvhenekwa dzibatane chombo module musi Chemical Engineering (FSE "SIC RCP"). Zvadaro, muna 2009, vakapfuura vanonzi "chando muedzo" macheki uye bhenji hydraulic hurongwa, mafuta vezvikwata vane mafuta zvinoriumba. Pakupedzisira, misoro uongororwe ose nodes URM "Angara" kwakaitika muna 2010. Booster akanzi operative. Hunobatsira zvose nemagungano paruzhinji uye hurongwa. Zvino pachikuva vaiva ndege nemiedzo.

Wokutanga kuedza kutanga

Chero chingava chaiyo Masvomhu, uye sei zvinobudirira kanda haana kubudirira vakapfuura pasi bhenji nemiedzo, chikuru uchapupu chero waivako nzvimbo michina. Zvakanga aronga kuti June 27, 2014 kubva Plesetsk cosmodrome vatanga "Angara". Booster yakanga isina kusvika muchadenga kusimudza Danho rechipiri pamwe muenzaniso kuti simulates ari payload pamusoro ballistic trajectory rokukurira 5.7 zviuru. Km uye kuwa pamamiriro munharaunda Kamchatka (the Kura bvunzo yacho). Kuti zuva kumbobvira zvaitika. Nokuti anenge gumi nemashanu maminitsi pakatangira zvoga zvichiongororwa maitiro vasati anopa mashoko pamusoro atadze kushanda zvakanaka pamusoro mafuta ezvinhu, kwakunoitwa nevezera donhwe damper oxidant. Prelaunch Countdown nguva yave amira. Zvichida President kweRussia uye atsamwa nokuti kukundikana ichi, asi zvinoita sokuti, akafara kuti akangwara ezvinhu wakavarambidza njodzi yakakura.

Muzvarirwo ndege

Mafuta leaked, kuti chitundumuseremusere waibvisa kubva kanda ikanyanya, uye pasi kwazvo kuongorora hurongwa zvose ungano uye bvunzo yakaoma. Zvakatora nguva yakareba kupfuura zvaaitarisira, saka pakutanga akavhunduka zvakare. Pakupedzisira, zvakatora nzvimbo, zvakaitika July 9. Ndege yakanga yakarongwa munyika dzose nzira. Pashure 43 masekonzi rimwe 4th miniti pashure kanda akachimedura kure uye yakawira Sea Pechora wokutanga danho. Danho rechipiri akatanga injini zvakare pashure 2 masekonzi, 8 maminitsi akashanda. 11 chik. Reset fairing yakaitika mumasekonzi 10 pashure yokutanga Danho kuparadzana. Kazhinji, zvinhu zvose zvakanaka kuti kupiwa kutevedzana chati. The yose kutizira Kamchatka akatora maminitsi 21.

Remangwana "Angara"

To dating kunotangira vaiva maviri, uye vose vakanga vakabudirira. Munguva wechipiri pazuva geostationary muchadenga kwakatangwa maviri savi marongerwo, riri ipapo pasi mafashamo mugungwa. Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, mumwe nadzurudzo raishandiswa nyore, kudiwa pakukurukura ari pedyo-Pasi nzvimbo matani 35 asi, kunyange chitundumuseremusere "Angara" Magadzirirwo A-7 mvumo.

Zvinogoneka kuti pashure kukurira munyika yose zvoupfumi, pamwe munyika muchadenga kuchasvika mutsva padanho kukura, pachava ISS idzva, kana ane pfungwa interplanetary kutiza. Mukupera nyaya, vezvenhau simba kupfuura achava chokufambisa, izvo achatora kupinda muchadenga ive spaceship huru pagondobwe paungano.

Panguva ino, basa riri kuitwa pasi advertising "chipenye" nokuda aigarira chinonyengera.