Trinity Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky Lavra: tsananguro, nhoroondo uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Kurutivi rwezasi-kumabvazuva pakati St. Petersburg, pedyo pamahombekombe Neva ndiyo nzvimbo hombe Holy Trinity Cathedral, imwe mapurani centre uye kushongedzwa of Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Ake anokudzwa hurukuro pamusoro yaizivikanwa uye pedyo vose Petersburgers. Zvava kuzivikanwa muguta, sezvinoita ngarava spire of Admiralty uye "kumutsa Russia nokuda yembudzi," The Bronze webhiza.

Yemamongi, akaberekwa murayiro Petra Velikogo

Zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti muna 1710, vanga vari confluence of Neva River muna Black River - sapamazuva akare yainzi ano rwizi Monastyrka - mambo Peter I akarayira kuvaka yemamongi rwakazvitsaurira kuna St. Alexander Nevsky. chido chake haana pfupi chero paangodira. Ndivo makore hondo Sweden, uye rubatsiro musande aive, zvikuru chiitiko akanga achiparadza pamberi yeSweden, paidiwa. The Kusarudza nzvimbo yokuvaka wemamongi kwaiva zvakaguma nevakawanda mazuva iwayo kururama kudavira kuti panguva ino, Prince Alexander akakunda kukunda kwake.

With "pasinei muvakidzani kuzvikudza" ake guta guru, King Peter akaisa ake chivakwa pamwero mukuru. hurongwa tenzi yambokurukurwa, mumigwagwa guta rwakatambanudzwa pasi izvo vasingaiti geometric hurongwa. Nokuti kuvakwa kwezvivako ehurumende, temberi uye dzoushe avakuru vakokwa yakanakisisa dzimwe ezvivako. Labor ezviuru serfs, vakadzingwa zvose pamusoro Russia, kubva Finnish anezvimiti anezvimiti vakasimuka Venice North.

In pakati basa, kana akavaka bastions wakakombwa uye yakanga ichangovakwa Admiralty shipyard pasi nezvikepe Russian rengarava pamusoro mvura yokutanga, Kesari vakapinda kudiwa rakasikwa muzinda pakunamata. Iye vakashuva chamber Petro vakatendeseka mamongi kure neguta ruzha nguva akanyengetera kutumira pasi chikomborero chaMwari vose zvaaiita. Uyezve, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, akanga ari pakati hondo yeSweden, uye kuyeuka musande, kamwe vakavakunda, chaiva kufuridzira varwi nhasi.

Kugadzirira kuvaka wemamongi

The itsva yemamongi mambo pachake dzinounzwa chikamu chikuru zvikuru chiri munda pamahombekombe Neva, kuwedzera naye vakanga anonzi yakakura kunyika iri Olonets mudunhu. Basa racho pamusoro mapurani kunzwisisa akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze makore maviri gare gare kubudikidza Italian murongedzeri Swiss kwakabva Domenico Trezzini.

Project D.Trezini

It pakutanga akaronga kuti zvakaoma kuti yemamongi zvivako, symmetrically akatambanudza pamusoro yose nzvimbo yaakapiwa kwaari pamahombekombe Neva, aifanira kuva mumwe kuzvidzivirira chivakwa kurutivi rwezasi-kumabvazuva guru muduku, saka yakanga yakavakwa pamusoro zvose mitemo nhare.

Connect wemamonk pamwe St. Petersburg akaronga yakagadzirwa mugwagwa kuburikidza musango mudenhere rayo, ainzi pamusoro urongwa se "Neva pershpektiva" - remangwana inonyanyoshandiswa neguta thoroughfare Nevsky Prospekt.

Architectural centre kuvakwa yemamongi aifanira kuva temberi, nzvimbo iyo chakataurwa muurongwa kubudikidza Trezzini, uye kubva yaakanga kutarisirwa kutanga lining Nevsky Prospekt. Kutanga chirongwa basa kutemberi vachangobva kusvika kubva kuGermany, vechiduku asi kare akahwina akakurumbira mapurani T. Schwertfeger, kuchitsigira mutsigiri ipapo mufashoni German Baroque maitiro.

rombo nani inotevera nguva

Ichi pakutanga, kwete hwakawanda huripo Trinity Cathedral Alexander Nevsky Lavra aiva mukuru chimiro, yakashongedzwa maviri shongwe bhero pamwe spiers pamisoro. Muna 1719 vakatanga kunzwisisa regadziriro basa. Chivako, izvo kwemakore gumi nerimwe, rakapera muna 1733, asi pasina nguva zvakava pachena kuti zvikanganiso zvakakomba vakasikwa nokuronga kwayo.

Zvikurukuru, hazvina zvakakwana yanyatsosimba pamwe pasi hwaakange amisa nheyo. Somugumisiro, paiva differential kugarwa nomunhu zvikamu Church, yaiva mhaka makatsemuka mu hwakavigwa mumakamuri ayo. Hwakagadzwa muna 1744, basa vakasvika pakugumisa kuti chaiyo ngozi pokuwa pakuvaka uye hazvibviri kushandiswa kwayo.

Complete dismantling wekereke rakatanga muna 1753 uye kugadzirwa achitungamirirwa State Patson Ivan Jakovljevic Rossi, namesake yaiva yakakurumbira Carlo Rossi, akatora makore maviri. Mushure wokutanga Holy Trinity Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky Lavra muSt Petersburg, yave namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara chose, akapedza makore matanhatu aiva chete chinhu pamusoro konekwa akakwidziridzwa panguva wemamongi zvakaoma.

Wemandorokwati Catherine II

Chikuva itsva kuvaka temberi ndohwaJehovha yaitonga Empress Catherine II, murayiro iro muna 1763 kwairatidzwa kukwikwidzirana Cathedral muzvirongwa. Rakanga wakapindwa vakawanda vanoda ezvivako iyoyo, akadai Yu. M. Felten, AF Kokorin, FF Wiest, S. A. Volkov nevamwe. Hakuna akapa basa haana kugamuchira chikuru tendero uye kuvaka racho shelved kwemamwe makore gumi nerimwe.

Chete muna 1774, apo mamwe sokunonoka zvaibvira - wemamongi yakavakwa, uye temberi nechepakati ikoko - Catherine II akarayira kuti arayire zvokuvakazve rakasikwa munhu Russian mapurani Ivanu Egorovichu Starovu. Basa hwokugadzira mapepa akatora makore maviri, uye muna 1776, pashure soro kufarirwa chacho, munyori waro akapiwa basa rokuvaka. Empress aripo panguva pakuzvichenesa kwenheyo Church. Pakarepo mushure kupemberera, akaropafadza, takatanga kushanda.

Kupera uye okugadza temberi

Mumakore mana, akasimuka kudenga mbiri mubhedha bhero shongwe. On mumwe wavo, kurutivi rwezasi, ukuwo chime vakanga yakaiswa, uye pamusoro mumwe, kuchamhembe, akamutsa trinadtsatitonny Bell, akanga wokutanga katsi wemamongi yakanda 1658. Pakazosvika 1786, pakuvaka mabasa apera vakawanda, uye mumakore mana Zvakatora kuita mukati kushongedzwa uye kubvumira nguva pakuvaka kwemvura, akagadza Church.

Zvakatora nzvimbo kujairwa yakatarwa pamberi dzakawanda Catherine Guru. Panguva iyoyo kubva pedyo Church of Annunciation kubudikidza tisanzwa pfuti sarupu Utatu Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky Monastery akatamiswa kuti kuchengetwa ikoko kusvikira iyoyo, sirivha yokunamatira umo reposed zvitsvene zvisaririra Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Temple - mumwe mutero magamba

Kubva panguva yaro kuvakwa Utatu Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky Lavra muSt Petersburg ndorwevaya muchikwata kunzi Kapitulna, kureva machechi ari Order wacho. Muchiitiko ichi tiri kutaura pamusoro Order of St. Aleksandra Nevskogo. Pakutanga Rakakwanira paanogumira akanga akaisa pasi yokumaodzanyemba, asi muna 1838 yakaguma.

Sechiratidzo chokuremekedza unokosha zvose paakavapa mubayiro ichi kwavari rinokosha mukamuri yakabatana Church Fedorov muviri rakaonekwa muna 1791, uye pashure pasuo retemberi paiva zvakazorodza hurongwa mufananidzo.

Pakutanga yaitonga zvachose kusatendera

Kubva Bolshevik utongi Trinity Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky Monastery haana kunzvenga muitiro nokudenga expropriation pfuma kuva nechechi. Zvose, maererano zviremera zvitsva, kunokosha, rakaitirwa mariri, uye chivako akapiwa pagore Renovators pacharo - vamiririri akazviratidza mushure February Revolution secessionist kufamba pakati vafundisi uyo akataura kuti "kuvandudzwa yeChechi" uye kuedza kuti vakwanise pamwe Bolsheviks.

Kubva 1928 kusvika 1933 Holy Trinity Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky Monastery aiva akasiyana bazi wevafundisi, vakaburukira munhau se "nepominayuschie". Ichi boka revapristi madziro nezviremera Soviet uye kunamata kwavo mumunyengetero kuyeuka Metropolitan Segiyo (Stargorodsky), kushanda pamwe naye. Panguva iyoyo zvairatidzika sezvinoita zviduku zvokutsauka kubva kuchechi Charter inogona aionekwa nezviremera sezvo enyika chiito, uye kusarudza pamusoro payo, waida kuti akanaka noushingi.

Temple mu makore utongi hwechiKomonisiti

Asi muna 1933 Utatu Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky wemamonk, vane nhoroondo kunonyanya nzvanyira vane nhoroondo dzakawanda temberi uye yemamongi nguva, yakavharwa. Wokupedzisira basa yakaitwa ikoko musi 7 December. Chivako Cathedral kunozivikanwa somunhu Nyanzvi muchechi mapurani, kufanorongwa mumwe nhema centre. In haizopereri nguva yaiva panzvimbo yacho Church chaimbova District Housing Authority, mumwe yokuchengetera uye miziyamu. It yakaguma uye Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Trinity Cathedral akanga vakadzokera Orthodox vanhuwo muna 1957, asi chete kodzero kereke yeko uye proviso kuti vomunharaunda achaita, achizvibhadharira zvaanoda kuita zvose zvakafanira basa iri kugadziriswa ayo uye kudzorerwa. Sezvineiwo, mumakore kubvira kwayo kuvhara, hazvina kuparadzwa machena iconostasis Pinketi hama, iyo wakakurumidza zvikuru kudzorerwa kwetemberi. Kwapera gore, kana tapedza Paunotanga kugadziridza, chechi pakupedzisira vatsvene.

rumutsiriro laurels

The chaizvo chete Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra akanga vainzi sezvo yemamongi kusvikira muna 1989. Zvadaro zvakare isu kushandisa bumbiro uye akazivisa vanhu, uyo akamuendesa huru yaiona nembiru, dzakadai upfumi, kumaruwa WeDhipatimendi, ari sacristan, confessor, uye zvichingodaro. Panguva iyoyo vomunharaunda yakaguma, mutariri zvose remabasa Mutsvene Trinity Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Izvi zvakakonzerwa kurasikirwa kwavo mamiriro ane yeko chechi yakazvimirira. Pakupedzisira, zvose zvivako kuti dzakaisirwa kare kumonasitiri kunzwisisa akanga adzokera wemamongi muna 2000.

Temple - kushongedzwa mapurani kunzwisisa

Nhasi, St. Petersburg Alexander Nevsky Monastery mumwe huru nhoroondo Zvivako muguta, imwe mapurani nzvimbo uko kuonekwa Mutsvene Trinity Cathedral. Ichi chikuru rising kuvaka, iyo yakashongedzwa maviri akakura bhero shongwe, vaiona mumwe ounyanzvi okutanga classicism. Inside kwayo pylon matatu simba, achiudzawo zvose nzvimbo uye mupe mumwe cruciform chimiro, inotsigira chematenga meimba. Loggia chikuru mukova azviveza pabiravira matanhatu Doric pembiru.

Pamberi chimurenga ari Church ndiyo mifananidzo yezvipo ne Empress Catherine II, uye zvadaro yakatora ne Bolsheviks. Pakati pavo paiva mabasa vatenzi makuru vakawanda kare. Asi kunyange nhasi, Utatu Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky wemamonk, vane tsika ndeyemunguva XVIII remakore, ari yakashongedzwa basa aibvuma vatenzi youpfu hwemashiripiti. It richiripo pamusoro yokunyora nokudhirowa akaita Kvarengi kupendwa domes uye hwakavigwa mumakamuri. Pamusoro South uye nesuo rokuchamhembe riri reliefs kuratidza mifananidzo yacho Old uye Testaments New, mabasa hunoshamisa Russian muvezi F. Shubin. Special ngwariro kunofanira kupendwa masuo youmambo, chinoitwa nomukurumbira Artists I. A. Akimovym uye J. Mettenleyterom.

Izvi vanatenzi Mifananidzo uye sculptural kushongedzwa yomukati kwakavakirwa temberi zvakazara mberi mifananidzo mutsetse yatanga ne I. E. Starov. Trinity Church of Alexander Nevsky wemamonk, pasinei ose Nokurasikirwa chakakonzerwa namaneja navo kwemakore anosvika yokupanduka, aiva chepamusorosoro muenzaniso dzenhoroondo Russian Ndiwe XVIII uye XIX emakore.