"Joy Vose Kusuwa" - icon of Amai vaMwari. zvichireva mifananidzo

No wakakwirira basa pane kuunza mufaro vanochema. Shoko "kusuwa" mumazuva ekare aiva nechinangwa hwakafara kupfuura nhasi. It haringorevi chete zviitiko kusuruvara, asiwo kutambura kubva chirwere, uye kukundikana kuronga hwenyika, uye zvose isu zvino chidanai shoko "kunaka". Ndizvo mumiedzo iyi nematambudziko zvoupenyu, ruzere norugare, mufaro uye anonyaradza mufananidzo Mhandara "All Kwevanotambura".

Grace kuti akapa kuburikidza kwemifananidzo

Usati watanga kutaura nezvazvo, unofanira kutaura chimwe chinokosha chaizvo chokwadi - kwete icon pachayo anoita zvishamiso uye kunounza vanhu kuna Mwari nyasha, vanotaurwa maari Amai vaMwari. It pave kuburikidza zvifananidzo ake, vatinotaura kunyengetera kwaari. Pakati pavo vane kuzvidhori makuru, makatumidzwa chishamiso. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Mambokadzi Heaven pavari akasarudza, uye iye akanga zvakafadza kubudikidza kwemifananidzo izvi pasi nenyasha. Nokuti ichi tinokudza navo, asi havana kunyengetera, kwete mapuranga, akafukidza yakanaka layer asi ane mufananidzo mutsvene rabva pamusoro pavo.

Nokuti musoro icon, mune mubvunzo, taishandisa mashoko rimwe Marian stichera (chaiwo minamato chinyorwa) - "All Kwevanotambura". Lady wedu nezita iri akazviratidza Russia muna XVII remakore. Vatsoropodzi munyaya yayo iconography chaihwo kukanganisa zvikoro Western. Uyezve, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa pasina yaro zhinji seakatambudzwa (dzakasiyana) kumiririra kuroorwa vematunhu. Zvinogona kuonekwa kwemifananidzo nezita iri dzinokosha kusiyana.

Somuenzaniso, vanoratidzwa rive dzvene. In ekare recensions nhamba idzi hadzisi iripo, uye chete yakabuda kuzvidhori, akanyorwa pashure 1688. The tsananguro iyi sezvinotevera: mugore mufananidzo Mhandara "All Kwevanotambura" akaunza kunoshamisa ane chirwere Patriarch Joachim hanzvadzi - Euphemia. Kubvira ipapo yakatanga mbiri yayo, uye yevedza zano vakatanga kuita dimikira kutambura, saka kufunga rinoporesa nesimba mufananidzo.

Features zvakafanana iconographic tsika

Kwemakore, pane tsika chinoreva Virgin zvizere yakakwirira vamire dzinonzi mandorla - tote denderedzwa Kupenya. A kuziva chokwadi: chifananidzo chakadaro cho yechiKristu uye muBhudha art. Mumamiriro nimbus akadaro anorondedzera kwokufananidzira Kristu, neMhandara Maria uye Buddha. In iconography hwechiKristu kakawanda mufananidzo Kristu mandorla pamusoro icon "Kushanduka Chitarisiko waKristu" uye "The Kwepiri", uye muna Marian iconography - ". Nokufungidzira woWakaropafadzwa Mariya" icon

Mukuwedzera Virgin nenhamba, kutambura zvirwere, yava tsika rokuratidzira icon vatumwa, vaya vanoita mabasa tsitsi nokuda Mambokadzi Heaven. Uyezve, unogona kuwana dzakawanda achinetsa nemifananidzo yavatsvene, amire kurutivi rwerudyi uye kurutivi Musikana kuruboshwe. Pasinei chokwadi kuti icon "Our Lady Rose Anotambudzika" akazviratidza pashure kereke schism, waimira sezvo mhosva wakazikamwa kuchinja zvinhu Patriarch Nikon, zvakajairika zvikuru Old Vatendi. Kunyanya yakawanda payo paiva nemazita kwakaitwa Belarusian musha Vetka.

History kukudzwa mifananidzo

Zvakakodzera kugara munhoroondo icon. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kukudzwa yakatanga muna 1688 nokuporesa zvirwere hanzvadzi ateteguru Euphemia Papineau. Vanotaura vanoti akanga achitambura maronda unhealed parutivi rwake. Zvadaro rimwe zuva unonyengetera Euphemia akanzwa anoshamisa inzwi, achivaudza kuti zvichaita runoporesa mufananidzo Mhandara "All Kwevanotambura".

Ordynka vane Kuchinja chechi iri kutsvaka kuvake ichi. Mushure munyengetero pamberi pacho chishamiso zvinoitika, uye chirwere achirwara pazororo. Voice vaitiwo Euphemia achafanira kuita chishamiso ichi, nekurumbidza zita Mhandara Yakakomborerwa Mary. Nokukurumidza, icon akaendeswa kutambura, uye pashure munyengetero pamberi ronda rake vakatanga kuporesa nokukurumidza. Zvino musi October 24. Pakuita murayiro Mhandara Yakakomborerwa (zvaakanga anazvo inzwi iroro), Euphemia mukoma - Patriarch Joachim - akaraira kuti munamato basa mufananidzo "All Kwevanotambura". Icon of Amai Mwari akudzwa kubvira ipapo, pamwe chete nevamwe zvinoshamisa mifananidzo.

Pakati vagari muMoscow uye Russia zvose, nyaya iyi yakava nevakawanda kuvazivisa, izvo hazvishamisi - yayo huru hunhu aiva hanzvadzi Patriarch. akathist "Vose Anotambudzika" zvakanyorwa. Kunze kare kutaurwa mabasa vakaita "The zvakaedza icon", iro vaiudzwa zvose ezvinhu zvakaitika, uye wamambo tenzi-Painters akatanga pakubudiswa yake pasi. Zvinosuruvarisa zvakanga zvisingaiti kudoma izvo rikawira Chechi chitarisiko mifananidzo "All Kwevanotambura". Its kukosha nokuti Russian Orthodox Church yakakura, uye kushaya ruzivo pamusoro mangwanani nhoroondo yaro iri nzvimbo huru.

Gadzira Nyora pamwe mifananidzo uye kuenda kuna St. Petersburg

Uyezve zviitiko zvine chokuita kunoshamisa kuvake, anoreva 1711. Munguva iyi guru Russian rikashamiswa kubva kuMoscow St. Petersburg. I vakatamira ikoko uye mhuri yeumambo. Kubva zvinyorwa zviri pachena kuti hanzvadzi chamber Peter I - Princess Natalia A., vachisiya guru idzva, akarayira kopi icon "All Kwevanotambura". Amai vaMwari kuvake akaunzwa kuna St. Petersburg. Asi pano pane kusawirirana mune magwaro - maererano zvimwe zvinyorwa, pamahombekombe Neva akaenda kutevedzera uye chepakutanga zvisaririra muMoscow, kumwewo vanoti zvimwe.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pashure mbiri icon of Muponesi-Kuchinja Church, iyo vagadzwe wake kukudza muganhu, yainzi nevanhu "Skorbjashchenskoj" kana "Vose Anotambudzika" iri Ordynka. Zvinokuchengetedzai kutaura kuti kuti mifananidzo, izvo akasiya Muscovites Princess Natalia, wakange ari mukereke kusvikira Revolution. Zvadaro kutanga dambanemazwi.

Pashure pokuchinja chechi yakavharwa, ayo chivakwa waishandiswa nehurumende zvinodiwa. Pane shanduro kuti akachengetwa icon akanga akanyangarika mumakore akatambudzika nekereke uye mufananidzo zvino muchechi rakadzorerwa - kwakapiwa kwaari kubudikidza Patriarch seizvi Alexy I nyorai XVIII remakore. Asi pane imwe shanduro maererano izvo yepakutanga kuvake chishamiso vakapona makore kumukira uye zvino panguva yepakutanga panzvimbo yayo.

Petersburg Icon Musikana

Zvisinei, kutsanya mberi kuna St. Petersburg uye zvisaririra shure kuti mifananidzo, izvo akauya pano kubva Moscow, hanzvadzi namambo. Zvazvinosarira kujeka saka, chokutanga kana mumwe wawo, asi, pasinei nezvose, uye Moscow kuvake, uye hanzvadzi yake, St. Petersburg airemekedzwa zvakafanana zvinoshamisa. Izvi zvinosimbiswa nechokwadi chokuti, kutanga muna Prut rati 1711, mambo akarayira kuti amutore naye ave rubatso kudzivirirwa uto rokudenga.

Princess Natalia Alekseevna akaisa mufananidzo akaunzwa kwaari ari chapero yake mumuzinda, yaiva pamusoro Shpalernaya. Mumakore iwayo, paiva akakurumbira mwana uye hanzvadzi - Foundry Yard, apo chakakandirwa pfuti kuti mauto uye nokuda nezvikepe chikepe. Pakanga akasika muchiuto uye simba Russia zvoupfumi.

Natalia Alekseevna akaponesa hapana nzira kuutsvene. Muhoro mifananidzo, akaita nesirivha uye nendarama zvemapuranga, rwapedyo zvikuru akashongedzwa anokosha. Maererano netsika yakasimbiswa kuti vakaiswa zvisaririra zvevasande uye nezvimwe zvinoera. Nokufamba kwenguva, nevatungamiriri muchindakadzi yakaronga wake mumuzinda almshouse, iyo kereke uye akatevera afa muna 1716.

Kunamata kwemifananidzo madzimambo

Mushure mekushanda Catherine II kubatwa Kunyanya nokupfugamira kunoshamisa mufananidzo "Anotambudzika All". Icon of Amai vaMwari akamupa simba panguva chibhokisi chekorera kuti yakatanga muna 1768. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mambokadzi pakati wokutanga nhomba pamusoro chirwere ichi inotyisa pacharo uye mugari wenhaka pachigaro, nokuzviisa pasi muenzaniso vamwe.

Akanga kukosha chaizvo sezvo kubaya mumakore iwayo zvaiva utsva uye vakanga akakwazisa muvanhu nokutya uye incomprehension. Usati wasarudza pane kutama, Catherine II akasvika chapero pakati muchindakadzi Natalia. Prayer Icon "Vose Anotambudzika" akaisa wake chivimbo. Somugumisiro majekiseni chinoitirwa muenzaniso wawo, kwakaponesa mazana evanhu. Kutenda, itsva, kunyange kupfuura mupfumi muhoro kuvake akanga nokukurumidza akaita.

Paitonga muzukurukomana wake Alexander I, chechi imba iri Shpalernaya rakavakwazve zvachose mapurani L. Ruska, nokuti mifananidzo akasika rinokosha niche kurutivi rworudyi rwechikepe iconostasis. Nguva iyi ndiyo kusikwa mutsva, wechitatu panhurikidzwa muhoro nokuda icon.

Zvakange zvakaitwa zvinoshamisa rupo. Nokuti kwayo kugadzirwa akaenda vanenge nomwe makirogiramu endarama. Uyezve, nokuti kushongedzwa ivo kushandiswa vakawanda nematombo anokosha. Photo lithography pamwe mifananidzo, yakaitwa 1862, kuonekwa munyaya ino. The mari vakanga akaiswa zvisaririra zvevasande zhinji. Mushure yakatarwa rokugadza naro rave chakaitwa Metropolitan Grigory (Postnikov), muhoro akatora nzvimbo yake.

mazita vatatu kwemifananidzo

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuwedzera mutemberi Shpalernaya nezvidhori mubvunzo, kwaiva mamwe matatu atora naye list, asi ivo vanoonekwa vakarasika. We chete kuziva kuti mumwe wavo ari anenge hapana musiyano kwavo iconographic zviri chii vakauya Natalia Alekseevna. Yakashongedzwa mari yake inokosha. Muna 1847 icon hwakatamisirwa vaiva Saint Euphrosyne chechechi muna Polotsk, uye nzvimbo yaro rakatorwa kopi akaita rokupenda PM Shamshina.

mamwe makopi On vaviri vanozivikanwa kuti akanga dzavo iconographic zvinhu. sezvamunoita kwavo kwaisanganisira inofananidza kutambura unotaura kwavo kunyora paya. Brushwork, yavakanga vaita, zvikuru mune kumadokero chikoro. Mumwe mifananidzo iri muimba yepamusoro muna maberere. rakanyorwa kwayo zvakabatanidzwa aizivikanwa panguva womufananidzo Fa Bronnikov. Mumwe akaitwa rukudzo ramakumi mashanu gore vavakezve temberi. Zvakanyorwa by the artist mungarava yemhangura, IA Tyurin.

Zvishoma Papera rakazova kugadzirisa yechechi, uye kubva ipapo rwakaparadzaniswa kunzi Skorbyaschinskoy. It aizivikanwawo sezvo Chechi "All Kwevanotambura". It kusvikira 1932, apo, pamwe nemachechi akawanda Russian akanga akavharwa. Pashure kuti akanyangarika pasina zvikasawanirwa uye kuchengeta nayo chokupiwa kuvake - waizopiwa Princess Natalia.

In St. Petersburg, mu chitarisiko Cathedral, pane mufananidzo kuti vakawanda vanotenda izvozvo ndiye rakarasika apo nokuvhara temberi Shpalernaya. Asi ichi, zvinosuruvarisa riri zvisizvo. Old lithograph yakaitwa kwemifananidzo aiva Princess, anova avo vasiri-nokuzivikanwa. Zvingangoita kuti Mutsvene Kuchinja Cathedral ndiye inoremekedzwa list, iyo, sezvo chikazozikamwa, akaramba inokosha zviruva kuvake pedyo Natalia Alekseevna uye hwakatamisirwa Cathedral pashure pakazovharwa imba chechi.

Icon pamwe groshikami

pane imwe kwavowo rakasiyana pakati Petersburg Marian mifananidzo. Inonzi icon "All Kwevanotambura" pamwe groshikami. Pane ngano kuti rimwe zuva, ari pakati XIX remakore, yava kurohwa Neva mafungu pamahombekombe pedyo zita zvomutengesi Kurakin. Ndivo zvomufananidzo yakapfuura vatengesi Matveeva, uyo prepodnos naye chipo chapero yakavakwa kukudzwa Tikhvin Icon of Amai raMwari Village bvarurwa pedyo Petersburg. Pane chapero pedyo St. Petersburg girazi fekitari.

Mukurumbira, mifananidzo iyi yaiva pashure dutu rinotyisa, hasha pamusoro guta July 23, 1888. The magwaro yasara kubva panguva iyoyo, zvinozivikanwa kuti mheni akarova kuti apinda chapero, dzakapiswa mukati masvingo uye pane mifananidzo. Most vakatambura Mug nokuda fundraising - ikavhuniwa zvachose. Rakaramba chete ari chapero ndiyo zvomufananidzo - chipo mushambadzi Matveeva. Uyezve, kana mheni njodzi yakadzikiswa tisingabatanidzi mari zvakatooma kutsanangura zvakasimba Akanamatira pose icon.

Kana akasvinudzwa pashure nedutu zvakakuvadza mukereke, vakaona kuti mufananidzo wemhandara tacked kwokutanga pakona pamusoro rwonzi kutaurirwa nokurova akawira pasi. Asi zvikuru unoshamisa ndechokuti chiso Amai vaMwari, nerima panguva pacharo chinoziva uye patsva. chishamiso ichi chaiva mugove zvapupu, nerunyerekupe nezvake akakurumidza kupararira St. Petersburg.

Hwakatanga mhemberero chokuti panguva behest repamusoro bhishopu, Metropolitan Isidor (Nikolsky) akatanga kunyengetera basa pamberi icon. Panguva ino, uye mishumo kuporesa kunoshamisa rokutanga, vakaita kuti minyengetero pamberi ichi kutsva nzira. Kubva zvinyorwa zviri pachena kuti pashure December 6, 1890 chakaitwa munyengetero Icon "vose Anotambudzika", mukomana Nikolai Grachev nemakore 14 vakagamuchira kuporeswa nepfari. Zvinotevera nyaya hwakanyorwa muna February 1891, apo-makore 26 Vera Belonogova atadza kutaura zvachose nokuda kwazvo huro, pakarepo akamuwana izwi.

Vashatisa temberi "Vose Anotambudzika" (St. Petersburg)

Wainamata mambo Alexander III muna 1893 vakapemberera munamato basa pamberi icon. Makore mashanu akazotevera, nemhaka yezvipo zvavo panzvimbo yakasarudzwa avakirwa ibwe temberi yake "Zvose Kwevanotambura". It mvura yaro yakaita rusvingo Neva River. Zvisinei, muna thirties ake, akatambudzika zvinoitirwa sezvo vazhinji temberi nyika yedu - zvakanzi kuparadzwa. Zvino pamusoro afanane chishamiso zvichengeteke chapel.

Sezvineiwo, ndakakwanisa kuzviponesa zvinoshamisa kuvake, uye zvino iye uyewo pamahombekombe Neva, mukereke Mutsvene Utatu, iri dzakakurumbira nokuda kwayo mapurani zvinhu anonzi "Easter keke uye Easter." Vachikudza ichi kuvake yakatarwa izuva rinokosha kupemberera - 5 August. Zviya, zita rayo yepamutemo St. Petersburg Icon "vose Anotambudzika" pamwe groshikami akagamuchira pamusoro pachavo mirayiridzo Patriarch seizvi Alexy II muna 1998. All akaita naye ipapo makopi mari kuratidzwa pendi.

Mazita, anozivikanwa nokuda zvishamiso

Zvinozivikanwa kuti zvishamiso zvizhinji zvava akakurumbira kwete chete mifananidzo, ayo kare ataurwa munyaya ino, asi akaitawo navo mazita. Maererano ayo iconographic mhando mifananidzo izvi kazhinji vadzokorore sezvo Moscow uye St. Petersburg kuvake. Vari dzakasiyana dzenyika yacho, asi tsika zvishamiso yakaratidza navo Bhaibheri.

Zvinofanira kuva pamusoro chemabhazi ichi. The kupfuura nomukurumbira kwemifananidzo izvi - Reshnovskaya. zita raro rinobva Reshnov mumusha, apo akanga inovakirwa temberi "Vose Anotambudzika" nokuda kwake. Maererano nengano, icon kubva rakarashika mumongi wakazvipira uye akapfuma - M. Savic. Pazvivako ayo uye temberi yakavakwa.

Zvinonzi musi wakatsaurwa chishamiso chakaitika - mwana nema minyengetero akaporesa mukomana, uyo akatambura kubva rutivi rwomuviri. The chaizvo kuvake siyanei nevamwe mifananidzo iri mhando. Koda chose makopi Zvisinei, "katsi mhandara", veko uye kunyange pakati admirers ake anonzi Icon "All Kwevanotambura". Kukosha vatendi ayo kunzwa chokwadi kurevererwa uye hanya, yakatumwa pasi Mutsvene Mhandara.

Mazita kuvake, ukurumbire muzvipatara uye nemajeri

Kwemazana emakore anoverengeka, icon "All Kwevanotambura" rinobatsira vanhu vakarasikirwa netariro yose kupora. Muenzaniso uyu ndiwo mufananidzo, riri muchipatara kungova Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Zvinonzi kumamwe icon wendarama muchipatara - Svyatosha Prince Nicholas, gare gare vakarumbidza vatsvene. Next Ngano anoudza kuti murindi chipatara kakawanda chaizvo muchipatara akavhiringidza mukadzi isingazivikanwi, uye varwere avo paaisvika, ndakakurumidza kupora. Paivawo mumongi, uyo airwara hosha isingarapiki uye kwava akagadzirira upenyu hwavo hwepanyika. Zvadaro rimwe zuva pamubhedha wake moonlight paiva mufananidzo vakasiyana Musikana. Murwere vakamuona uye nokukurumidza akaporeswa.

Sezvo Vologda mutorongo muchipatara vekare kwaiva chishamiso mufananidzo "All Kwevanotambura". Kukosha kwayo, uye ipapo kunoongwa. Vanhu anoteyiwa wake mhosva kana ezvinhu akapfigirwa, kupfuura ani zvake kubatsirwa uye kurevererwa Mhandara Yakakomborerwa Mary. Vagari veguta, airemekedzwa mifananidzo, akaita wake sirivha-gilt muhoro uye akatakura pamusoro mudungwe neimwe. Zvinosuruvarisa mufananidzo uyu nenzira inoshamisa haina akachengetedzwa nhasi, kunyangarika zvachose munguva Revolution.

Icon kubva Voronezh

Voronezh Theological chechi iri inozivikanwa zvinoshamisa kuvake. Pane ngano kuti mumwe anofungidzirwa Peter I, kufamba nechikepe parwizi Voronezh, akaramba kutaura pamahombekombe pedyo netemberi uye kunamata icon yaiva mariri. Iye kunyange aibvuma munhu anozvikudza chaizvo kutaura nezvazvo. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza dutu payakatanga, chinouraya uye zvikurusa varume, uye ake boka racho, akamutungamirira kupfidza zvechimbichimbi mashoko vakasungira chikepe pamahombekombe, kuti vakurumidze kuenda kutemberi. Mushure akatsvoda icon, dutu chishamiso amira. Icon ichi unoremekedzwa chishamiso. Kune zvapupu zvakawanda zvokuporesa zvakaitika kuburikidza neminyengetero pamberi paro.

Zvakaoma yokuverenga zvose zvinoshamisa mazita iri rakakomborerwa kuvake. Vanogara anoremekedzwa kuti vakavaka temberi uye makamuri. chapero ichi "Vose Anotambudzika" yakavakwa St. Petersburg muna 1915. Zvakanga zvakagadzirirwa kuti abatsire pfungwa kurwara vana uye yakavakwa pasi patronage pamusoro Empress Maria Feodorovna. Pashure pokuchinja, yakanga yakavharwa uye Re-vatsvene chete muna 1990.

Hazvibviri kuti kuyeuka pasi kwemifananidzo, iri Tobolsk. Information pamusoro wayo zvisikwa zvishoma, asi vatsoropodzi vanodavira kuti kunyora ake anogona kunzi kusvikira kumugumo XVI remakore. Mutemberi, icon akaiswa anokosha uye yakashongedzwa vakawanda marin'i, michinjikwa uye fuma, akapa nokuda vomuchechi pachiitiko matarenda kubatsira minyengetero. Characteristically, achikudzwa chaiyo, akanga ari muguta ravatengesi, pakati pavo kwainzi kiyi rakabudirira mune zvokutengeserana kuutakura kumashopu. Zvinosuruvarisa, mifananidzo iyi haana rakapona kusvikira nhasi. Kufanana nevamwe vakawanda, iye akanyangarika panguva chimurenga.

vatendi vakawanda mumusha mavo kuunganidza vane mufananidzo uyu anoshamisa. Icons mukamuri nguva dzose pave inokosha yakapoteredza. Kunyange vanhu vasinganamati kuona vane chitendero, vanonzwa kuuya kwavari yakaorera simba. It unoshanda tisingatungamirirwi manzwisisire atinoita. Asi kana mwoyo yomunhu kudziyirwa ne kudavira muna Mwari, chishamiso chakaitwa mifananidzo vari muchokwadi.