Archaisms, historicism, neologisms: tsanangudzo, mienzaniso kushandiswa mutauro wokuRussia

Mutauro Russian zvine uye pusa nemashoko. Wokutanga ine mashoko, mumwe nomumwe wedu anoshandisa anenge mazuva ose, boka rechipiri kashoma akashandiswa kutaura shoko. Izvi zvinosanganisira archaisms, historicism, neologisms. Ongororo yavo kuitika "Mashoko endima uye lexicology."

Active uye pusa Mutauro

The Mutauro mutauro wokuRussia mune mamiriyoni mashoko. Nyanzvi dzemitauro agovane mashoko ose mutauro wokuRussia muzvikwata zviviri - basa uye pusa nemashoko.

For pusa Mutauro inosanganisira mashoko vakajaira munhu kana kucherechedzwa kwavari, asi kashoma kushandiswa. Heino kwadzo archaisms, historicism, neologisms.

Nokuti rinoita Mutauro ndiwo mashoko tinoshandisa kazhinji. Izvi zvinosanganisira nokubatana uye zvisazitasingwi, mashoko nawo isu kureva nyika yakatipoteredza. Iri ndiro zita fenicha, zvipfeko, zvokudya, mashoko kutsanangura ukama, mabasa, mazita, uye mamwe manzwiro zhinji.

mumwe munhu anoshingaira uye pusa Mutauro riri nomumwe uye anoenderana nezera, nzvimbo dzokugara, nyanzvi basa. Mumakore ose oupenyu hwedu anochinja inzwi raro kana mirayiridzo, zvichienderana zvinhu zvinoverengeka.

pusa Mutauro

Nokuti pusa Mutauro muri nderechinyakare uye zvitsva mashoko.

Pakati zvisingachashandi Mashoko kusiyanisa mapoka maviri makuru: archaisms uye historicism. Pavari ichakurukurwa pakutanga, funga tsanangudzo mashandiro kuti vanoita archaisms uye historicism, mienzaniso zvakafanana namashoko.

Mashoko idzva vanoumba mugove diki pusa kumahombekombe mutauro uye vanonzi neologisms. Next, tichaongorora tsanangudzo kwavo uye zvinokonzera kutaura.

archaisms

Kutanga nekukatanura zvisingachashandi mashoko - archaisms uye historicism. Archaisms - yechinyakare mashoko, Pari disused. Iri ndiro zita akwegura kana mazita zvinhu ano. Kazhinji kuuya kutsiva archaisms mamwe mashoko akataura zvakafanana pfungwa uye anoramba kuti chikare shoko. Ivo nomumwe vane ano nerokuti, mune mamwe mazwi, shoko fanano.

Zvichienderana nzira dzidzo, pane archaisms:

1. Lexical, vakanga yakatsiviwa mashoko vane midzi zvakasiyana. Mashoko aya anonetsa kunzwisisa vasingazivi kushandura kana chepakutanga ukoshi. Izvi zvinosanganisira mashoko akadai muromo - Miromo, munwe - munwe, muturikiri - mushanduri.
2. Lexical-shoko inotungamirwa. Pakadaro, ari zvekare uye ano shanduro zvakafanana mudzi, asi zvisingapindirani shoko-inotungamirwa morphemes. Somuenzaniso, waunoziva - waunoziva, vabati vehove - wehove.
3. Lexical uye phonetic - akasiyana ano shanduro phonetic zvakagadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, mudetembi - nyanduri, gistoriya - nhoroondo, Cipher - nhamba.
4. Lexical-kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro. Izvi zvinosanganisira archaisms kuti vachiri kushanda mutauro, apo kuva zvakasiyana nezvaanoreva. Somuenzaniso, shoko nyadzi kare kwaireva chiseko nhasi - nyadzi kana kunyadziswa.

Panoperera ino tichatarisa basa archaisms mumutauro wokuRussia, kunyanya mabhuku. Archaisms zvakanyorwa maduramazwi anozivikanwa "sharuka".

historicism

Historicism inonzi mashoko anoshandiswa kureva mashoko uye zvinhu kuti asati, asi haana hwedu. Historicism, mienzaniso iyo tinosangana inonyanyoshandiswa mumabhuku - mupurisa, kuti chezvitima, pud, uye zvakawanda. Izvi Dzidziso vari kutoitwa munhau mumabhuku uye yaMakoronike, mabhuku ekare uye nemapepanhau.

By historicism ndiwo mashoko anoreva paruzhinji nzira youpenyu, zita masangano, machinda nzvimbo, pamisara zvechiuto, zvinhu uye zvombo, akwegura dzakabatana, mari, uye zvemumba. Somuenzaniso: Mumwe tavern, nguvo, nuija, akarova jackpot, iyo lackey, meya, ari murwi.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti historicism havasi anoreva zvakafanana. Zvakakosha chaizvo kuti rangarira, sezvazvakaita mumwe zviratidzo historicism.

Shoko-historicism riri akaitawo kuti maduramazwi izvo waita anozivikanwa "zvisingachashandi", "IST" zvishoma. Uyewo kuwanikwa siyana maduramazwi historicism, apo iwe unogona kuona kwete chete zvinoreva shoko, asi tinyatsoziva mufananidzo chinhu kuti anomirira pfungwa.

Historicism uye archaisms: musiyano tichitarisa

Kazhinji vadzidzi uye vadzidzi, uye anongoti vanhu vasina ukama philology, mubvunzo unomuka: chii archaisms vakasiyana historicism? Musiyano chikuru ndechokuti zvekare - zvisingachashandi pakunzi chinhu kana pfungwa kuti achiri chipo muupenyu hwedu. Historicism zvinoreva pfungwa uye zvinhu zviri refu usingachashandi.

Sezvambotaurwa, mumwe runoratidza - archaisms vari anoreva zvakafanana, historicism - kwete. Zvichienderana izvi nevamwe vaviri features, unogona nyore edza iyo muchikwata yakati chikare shoko.

neologisms

Neologisms - mashoko anowanika somugumisiro zviitiko zvitsva kana pfungwa. Vamwe nguva shoko iri neologism, gare gare zvinovawo obscheupotreblyaemym uye anopinda basa Mutauro mutauro.

Neologisms anogona zvose muka kubva kutanga zvigadzirwa, uye kubuda vanyori rezvipfuwo. Saka, munyori mashoko "atore musana chigaro" raiva F. M. Dostoevsky, uye shoko "indasitiri" wakatangwa muna mashoko pamusoro N. M. Karamzin. Pahwaro yokusunungurwa ichi Copyrights uye zvakafanana mutauro neologisms.

In siyana nguva neologisms mashoko akadai motokari, ane chitundumuseremusere, mumwe Laptop, tsamba uye nevamwe vakawanda. Kana kushandiswa neologisms runosvika yepamusorosoro uye zvaanoreva pachena kuti vose, mashoko iwayo vachangoerekana kuenda muchikwata obscheupotreblyaemyh.

Kana historicism uye archaisms yakanyorwa duramazwi chaiwo mucherechedzo, ivo neologisms kupinda maduramazwi chete pashure chikamu vanoshingaira ndiri mutauro hurongwa. Zvisinei, mumakore achangopfuura vari kutanga nyaya inokosha mumaduramazwi neologisms.

zvinokonzera

We vanoonekwa archaisms, historicism, neologisms. Zvino mashoko mashomanana pamusoro zvikonzero panowanikwa kwavo.

Zvikonzero kuchinja mashoko kubva zvinoshingaira kusvika pusa Mutauro achiri kunzwisisa zvizere. Uye kana historicism zvikuru kana zvishoma zvinonzwisisika, sezvo pashure kunyangarika pfungwa rinoratidza shoko rake achipinda kungotarisa mumucheto, kubva archaisms zviri zvikuru kuoma.

Kazhinji kunzi zvinotevera zvinokonzera archaisms: izmenija siyana evanhu, tsika zvinhu, akasiyana mitauro zvikonzero - simba mimwe mitauro, manyorero kukurukurirana, mutauro kuchinja.

Huru zvikonzero kwaita neologisms dzinosanganisira:

- siyana izmenemeniya munzanga upenyu;

- zvekushandisa mberi, kuti ndiye, pakuonekwa itsva midziyo, pfungwa uye zvakavapo.

Nhasi, neologisms vakawanda kwakabatana kukura kombiyuta sayenzi uye kombiyuta mapurani.

manyorero ukoshi

A mashoko mashoma pamusoro manyorero basa mashoko kungotarisa mashoko yomutauro wokuRussia. The anowanzodanwa kushandiswa mashoko anoita mashoko ari mabhuku.

Saka, kushandiswa archaisms zvinobatsira zvikuru zvakarurama recreate munyori rakarondedzera munguva dzinoratidzwa hunhu achibatsirwa pakutaura. Zvirokwazvo unofanira vakaona kuti vari kutaura vamwe vanotaurwa kunodzora munhu mashoko, somuenzaniso kupfuura ano, ari kutaura mumwe - mumwe, zvisingachashandi kana mutauro. Saka, munyori unoswedera mupfungwa uye munzanga mufananidzo chimiro.

Kudzishandisa mukutaura enhetembo kupa kupfuura yakatarwa, kutobaya coloring chigadzirwa. The satire archaisms inoshandiswa kuumba enyambo kana satirical zvazviri, zvichipa monyorora.

Kudzidza kuchikoro

Chikamu archaisms, historicism, neologisms vari kudzidza kuchikoro zvidzidzo mutauro wokuRussia uye mabhuku. Kazhinji, kujairirana shoko kirasi rikaitika rechishanu uye zvegumi mamakisi ari kudzidza Radel "Lexicology". Vadzidzi kudzidza kusiyanisa mashoko uye kuvawana vari magwaro akasiyana-siyana. Uyezve, kudzidza Classics, tatarisana ausingazivi kwatiri, uyo kare kubva kushandiswa jairana zvazvinoreva, mavambo.

Kudzidza kuYunivhesiti

A uwane sumo yezviri uye pusa Mutauro mutauro wokuRussia kunotangira panguva mumayunivhesiti kudzidza "Lexicology" chikamu. Kazhinji ichi riri rake gore rechipiri panguva rorusununguko Philology. Vadzidzi vanodzidziswa chii rakasiyana historicism, sei uye kupi anogona kuwana zvinoreva mashoko aya archaisms, kuti aitsaura sei maererano dzakavapo, kuona mashandiro nedzimwe ndima.

Vadzidzi vanogona kuita mashoko mashomanana vavo, dzidza kuwana kungotarisa mashoko mumagwaro uye kuritsiva, kuongorora kwakabva neologisms, zvikonzero kunyangarika mashoko ari kushingaira nevezvenhau zvinhu Russian mabhuku mutauro.

zvakawanikwa

In kungotarisa mashoko yomutauro wokuRussia chinosanganisira zvinotevera mapoka zviratidzo: archaisms - yechinyakare mazita mashoko uye pfungwa, historicism - mazita zvinhu uye mananara, vakabva yedu zvinhu, neologisms - Mashoko anoshandiswa kurondedzera pfungwa itsva.

Zvisingachashandi mashoko anoshandiswa mabhuku paainyora nhoroondo magwaro recreate zviri kuitika nguva zvinorondedzerwa chigadzirwa.