Archaisms uye historicism. Mienzaniso kukosha uye

Munhu wese anoda kudzidza uye kukura, tichiedza kudzidza chinhu chitsva uye anobatsira pachavo. Vaiona Mutauro kukosha kuti kwete chete vagara chiyero erudition, asiwo kunogona kubatsira zvikuru zvisingatarisirwi ezvinhu. Munyaya ino uchadzidza pamusoro zvakaitwa archaisms uye historicism. Mienzaniso mashoko uye chechinyorwa zvinogona kubatsira zvikuru kuziva kuti mashoko.

historicism

Archaisms uye historicism - ndizvo zvimwe chikamu kwemashoko. Izvi zvinosanganisira inokuvadza sharuka mashoko. Mienzaniso: historicism - demo; archaisms - Zelo, ichi. By historicism mazita zvinhu kuti vakashandiswa madzitateguru edu, uye kuti zuva kunze mumamiziyamu. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "musket", inomira kuti chombo yekare yakashandiswa muna Russia emakore anoverengeka akapfuura. By historicism chinoshanda shoko "demo", unomirira mumwe mhando muhondo zvokuyamura. Hazvina chinhu raakashandisa kuti demo ano, asi mashizha maviri.

sei historicism

Chikonzero chikuru kuti chokwadi kuti pamusoro nguva mutauro akazviratidza historicism, aiva nokuchinja senguva upenyu amadzitateguru edu, tsika, sainzi uye tsika. Somuenzaniso, mashoko yakatotsakatika mhando mbatya -'s jasi, nguvo, bhachi - havachaoni kushandisa, uye izvi zvakaita kuti kunyangarika mazita avo kubva mutauro. Zvino izvi pfungwa dzinogona kuwanikwa chete ari munhoroondo rondedzero. Pane mashoko akawanda ari hatichisiri kushandiswa, uye zvino vava kunzi "historicism" muchikwata. Muenzaniso uyu - pfungwa yokuti zvimwe bata kuti serfdom muRussia. Pakati pavo - rendi, basa mitoro, ikwidzwe.

archaisms

chikamu ichi zvinosanganisira kurevawo zvinhu uye pfungwa kuripo kusvikira ikozvino, asi mazita achinja. Somuenzaniso, namadzibaba edu, panzvimbo ano "ichi" kutaura "ichi" uye "chaizvo" kwainge "kwazvo." Historicism uye archaisms, mienzaniso iyo inowanikwa mumabhuku mabasa mazhinji, haasi nguva dzose zvachose ne nemamwe mazwi, vanogona aoma kushandurwa chete. Somuenzaniso, imwe phonetic kana morphologically.

Sei archaisms

mhando iyi zvisingachashandi mashoko akazviratidza nokuti kuti pamusoro nguva chero mashoko ari kuchinja, Virtual uye wakafananidzwa nendimi. Saka, mamwe mashoko inotsiviwa nevamwe, asi pamwe chete nechinangwa. Ichi ndicho chikamu mashoko anenge akararama zvake, asi asingaiti chose inonyangarika kubva mutauro. Mashoko aya mudura mabhuku, zvinyorwa uye zvichingodaro. Kuumba nhoroondo ingano vanofanira kuva kukwanisa recreate pfungwa yeshoko yaitonga inorondedzerwa.

phonetic archaisms

To ichi mhando zvinosanganisira mashoko ano uye pfungwa zvakasiyana nhaka chete ruzha shoma, dzimwe nguva chete. Somuenzaniso, mashoko phonetic archaisms dzingasanganisira mashoko akadai sokuti "nyanduri", iro pakupedzisira rakavapo kupinda "mudetembi" uye "moto" akava "moto."

morphological archaisms

chikamu ichi zvinosanganisira mashoko zvazova yechinyakare wayo chivako. Izvi zvinosanganisira rokuti "ferocity" iyo akava "ferocity", iro chipauro "nekakutya" rakavapo kuva "huta", chiito "hupere", iro zvino inoti se "kukundikana" uye vamwe vakawanda.

kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro archaisms

Archaisms uye historicism, mienzaniso mashoko anowanikwa kwose kwose, kazhinji pakupedzisira kurasikirwa zvarinoreva zvechokwadi. Somuenzaniso, mazuva ano "kunyara," asati kwaireva hapana kupfuura "chiseko" uye yekare "vanhuwo" kwaireva chinhu chakanga chaitwa zuva rimwe (somuenzaniso, "vanhuwo nzira"), uye kwete "munhuwo".

panguva kushandiswa

Dzimwe nguva mashoko aya, zvisingachashandi, saka achinja kuti vanotanga kushandisa ukoshi itsva. Izvi zvinogona kutaurwa sei archaisms uye historicism pamusoro. Muenzaniso uyu - shoko "imba". Vamwe nguva kare rakaguma kushandiswa, asi zvino shure mufashoni. Kana yapfuura yaigona chete kubatanidzwa nemashoko akadai sokuti "wamambo" uye "monarchical", asi ikozvino kukura kwebasa kushandiswa kwayo yakura yekudyidzana. Zvino unogona kunzwa pamusoro imba yose loggers kana miners, izvo zvinoreva kuti basa iri nhaka kubva baba mwanakomana. Dzimwe nguva mashoko zvisingachashandi anogona kuwanikwa chibhende chechinyorwa.

chetevere okuti

Zvisingachashandi Mashoko kuramba kuva woshanda zvizere mumutauro sorutivi wakaiswa mashoko. Saka, tinochengeta vamwe historicism. Muenzaniso: Shoko "thumb" richiri kushandiswa mumutauro mu "usimbe" Mutsara wokuti, izvo zvinoreva kuti "gara shure". The chete zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro mudanga okuti "Vanorodza fritters," kureva, "yammer".

Degeneration VS Revival

Zvinoitika zvekuti mashoko nyanzvi dzemitauro kunge akamboda kutora historicism, akatanga kushandiswa nokuti kuti pfungwa dzinomirira, vakatanga kamwe zvakare kuti kushandiswa. Zvimwechete Zvingaitikawo kana akasikwa chinhu chitsva chiri chero nzira kufanana yechinyakare pfungwa kana chokuita nayo. Zvino mashoko aya asiri nowenyika historicism. Muenzaniso: a nerudo rwakadzama manheru, Ensign.

mhedziso

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunyange zvazvo vose pamusoro zvisingachashandi mashoko pane kungogara dura mashoko, ivo hatimiri kutamba rayo rinokosha. Kuverenga mabasa vanyori vakadai yokufeva sezvo NdiTolstoy, Dostoevsky kana Mayakovsky, anogona chaizvo kakawanda kuwanikwa historicism uye archaisms, uye kuti zvakarurama kunzwisisa pfungwa yokuti munyori aida kubudisa, zvinokosha kuziva kwavo kukosha. Naizvozvo, kana imi yawana imwe shoko yausingazivi, zvakanaka kureva chiremera duramazwi.