Rome Chechitatu - izvi ... Sei Moscow - the Third Rome?

kana mashoko kana pfungwa kazhinji evanhu vari yakavhiringidzwa muchifarira mubato kana dzidziso? Somuenzaniso, dzidziso mhembwewo Nietzsche kuti akakwana waMwari matiri. Iye akatungamirira Germany uye nyika ine hondo yenyika, uyewo pfungwa vakaenzana - kusvikira Hondo Independence uye ngochani kuzvikudza achimisa. Nhoroondo Russian akapfuma pfungwa dzakadaro; ivo mifananidzo inokukurudzira kukwira nguva dzose apo rudzi ari panguva yokuchinja. Rimwe dzidziso idzi - the ngano of Third Rome. Sei Moscow - the Third Rome, sei kurinzwisisa nhasi, kana tichizvininipisa mumongi akafunga kuti mashoko ake achava zvokufungidzira kwemazana emakore? Ngatitaurei pamusoro izvi nyaya yedu.

Ayakaita: tsamba Philotheus

Kare kare, panguva yokutanga emakore ari XVI remakore., MuPskov churchman Filofei akanyora nhevedzano tsamba. Chokutanga - chiratidzo chomuchinjikwa - iye yakanyorerwa Grand Prince Vasily, wechipiri - pamusoro venyeredzi - mudhikoni, confessor womuchinda. Yaiva tsamba rokunyevera pamusoro ngozi panguva: venyeredzi nezvevanyengeri uye muzhelozhtsev. Chikumbiro kuna gavhuna anodana ake "mutarisiri choumambo chechi" uye "mambo vaKristu vose", Moscow howa "umambo", iro vakaungana nyika dzose dzechiKristu, achiumba pano muzinda mumudzimu yeOrthodox - "romeyskoy umambo", Rome. Uye mberi: "Pali Roma rokutanga uye rechipiri; wechitatu nengoro yechina hazvizoitiki. "

Hazvizivikanwi kana Filofei muvambi pfungwa iyi. Maererano nedzimwe mishumo, Metropolitan Zosima tsamba vaiona dzidziso Third Rome makore 30 asati muPskov mumongi. Richirondedzera musimboti chete Zosima Moscow rinonzi "akatsiva weConstantinople." Kuti tinzwisise zvinorehwa vemachechi Russian, zvakakodzera vanoshamba kupinda munhoroondo iyoyo.

Nhoroondo mamiriro ezvinhu

Muna 1439 iri Patriarch weConstantinople akagumisa Rome Florentine Union, vachiziva ndiro rine chokwadi Papa uye kuchengetedza Orthodoxy chete chepamutemo mitambo. Yaiva nguva yakaoma nokuti Byzantine Empire: hweOttoman vokuTurkey akamira pamukova, kutyisidzira ayo rusununguko. Constantinople akanga achitarisira kuti rutsigiro kubva kumadzimambo Western pakurwisa zvisingaiti, asi rubatsiro kuzombouya.

Muna 1453, guta guru vakawira, tateguru uye mambo vakaurayiwa. Yakanga kuguma Eastern hweRoma.

Nzvimbo neChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia

Kusvikira nguva ino mutongi mukuru Russian chechi yomunharaunda nemadzimambo aigona nokuzodza chete tateguru - mumiriri Mwari panyika - uye chete muna Constantinople, ichi zimukadzimu dzevanhu yeushe kwaKristu. Mupfungwa iyi, Russian vakanga runotsamira muvakidzani wayo kumabvazuva. The Grand Duke kare kwakauraya wamambo rokuremekedza. Muna 1472, Ivan III kunyange takaroorana Zoe (Sophia) Palaeologus, mwanasikana wokupedzisira Byzantine yamambo. With payo, Ivan anhonga gondo sechiratidzo idzva wehurumende. Pamutemo, akanga kodzero kunyika yemadzitateguru - nhaka wake.

Kubva nemaonero vafundisi wokuRussia, pamwe aiva kusavimbika yeOrthodox, mumwe kubva pakutenda kwezvokwadi. Empire kubhadharwa nokuti nechisimba vaMuslim. Romeyskoe umambo - patrimony kwaKristu, uye nawo kodzero tateguru, akaenda chete yasara nhare Orthodoxy - Church Russian. Pano zvino pamire Third Rome - ichi umambo yepasi hwaMwari panyika.

Rokutanga uye rechipiri Reams

Maererano Philotheus, kutanga Rome - The Eternal ndiro guta rekare, iro rakaparadzwa IX remakore. muArabhu mushure kuparadzana machechi ari kumadokero nokumabvazuva. Latins vari yakazoona yanyura mumadhaka "manyepo Apolinarievoy" akatengesa nevatambi Kristu. Romeyskoe umambo vakatamira Constantinople.

Second Rome zvakasimba akanotaura XVI remakore., Zvino rakaparadzwa hweOttoman vokuTurkey vari kutsiva nokuda pakunamata kusavimbika. Pakuguma Florentine Union chaionekwa sezvo manyepo, kubva izvo Russian Grand Duke, gare gare King, aifanira kurinda Rus.

Rome Third - Moscow

Pasinei nemashoko enyika Philotheus kukarukureta? Chokwadi, umambo hwaMwari vanofanira kuva simba nechepakati simba uye simba mune dzakawanda munhandare. Asi kwete nehanya enyika mamiriro ezvinhu muPskov mumongi.

Mushure Church wokuRussia nhaka kodzero Byzantine Patriarchate, ndiko:

1. Kuzvitonga kuzere, iro Metropolitan haana kukotamira kuConstantinople, akagadzwa kubva vafundisi vemo, uye kwete kubva nevaGiriki.
2. mutongi Russian akakwanisa kuroora muchinda pachigaro choushe uye vanoti kudzivirira kwake.

Pfungwa Third Rome kwakaratidzei munyori mabhuku ouprofita - the Old Testament nyaya hwokumusoro mana enyika uye zvipenyu zvina. Chokutanga - yechihedheni - vakaparara mumazuva Egipita, Asiria, uye Europe yekare. The umambo rechipiri - Latin (Ancient Rome) Chokwadi muKristu wokutanga; wechitatu - Byzantium. Chechina - nyika - vokupedzisira, sezvo achaparadza kwaAntikristu pachake uye anotaura kuti kuguma kwenyika.

Mashoko ari mumongi kwaiva kutya Apocalypse kupfuura kuzvikudza kuwedzera yeRussian Church. Kana Moscow ruchakoromoka ndokuwa, kwete chiKristu - ichava kuguma vanhu. Naizvozvo muchinda, uyo akazodzwa Russian Metropolitan, vachifunga kuti kudzivirira kutenda vaMuslim infidels uye manyepo, kusanganisira chikatorike wechokwadi.

Sei kutora shoko Philotheus munzanga?

Kusiyana tariro munyori, vafundisi wokuRussia kuziva zvakanaka divi pfungwa: kudada noukuru. Rome Chechitatu - iri shongwe yose chiKristu. Hazvishamisi kuti kukwira Nikon kuti shanduko mune nyaya uye mifananidzo munzira dzose retold Monakhovo mashoko:

1. Novgorod "The zvakaedza chena cowl" (1600) inoti kare Konstantin Veliky akapa Metropolitan Sylvester chivharo - chiratidzo yakakwirira Ecclesiastical chinzvimbo. Russian churchman nekunyadzisa uye haana kugamuchira chipo, asi kakasaririra kuburikidza Novgorod akadzokera kuMoscow, uko zvakarurama akatora mutongi mutsva.
2. Mufananidzo korona Monomakh: sei kuRussia havana echitendero uye enyika yamambo achibuda, izvo vachipfuura pamurairo akazodzwa naMwari - wokutanga chevaux Ivan anotyisa.

Pasinei yaiva yakaoma nguva kubatana munyika Russian kupinda rakabatana Russian mamiriro, hapana pamutemo zvinyorwa, dzidziso yacho Third Rome asingaverengerwi kuridza. Possible pahwaro pamusoro, kugumisa kuti pfungwa yaiva mufashoni pakati vafundisi, uyo akatsigira rusununguko yeChechi, ropafadzo yacho. A refu chaizvo nguva , dzidziso iyi akanga asina enyika kukosha.

Third Rome uye Nikon

The chepakutanga inzwi Philotheus aiva. Kutsutsumwa kwete chete pamusoro vaMuslim, asi pamusoro pedzidziso Zvinonzwisiswa somunhu sainzi, uye chero zvakagadzirwa. Nikon nadzurudzo kubatanidza yezvechitendero aivawo kubva tsika. Nikon vatsigiri Habhakuki akaziva sezvo kwaAntikristu - yechina, kuchapedza rokupedzisira romeyskoy umambo.

Pamutemo Philotheus magwaro ose ngano uye nemifananidzo, izvo zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga akanongedza dzidziso yacho muPskov mumongi zvakarambidzwa nokuti akaratidza Mvumo mitemo yacho Old Vatendi '. The vaipikisa vakatsiva pfungwa iyi naye kuSiberia uye kure dzemamongi. Kusvikira ikozvino, kuzvikudza vanodavira kuti Third Roma - ichi chinhu yekare Moscow chechi yekare aripo kusvikira vava vapenyu - vamiririri vake vechokwadi uye chete.

Chii chakazoitika?

Zvaiita pfungwa Third Rome pamusoro uye neChechi anokanganwa, uye zvematongerwo vepamusoro. Asi yechipiri yezana XIX remakore yakapiwa patsva. Nezvokumutswa pokugadzwa Chigaro chaBhishopi kuRussia uye kuti vanhu Russian kudiwa vabatane pfungwa, Philotheus tsamba dzakabudiswa. Zvakava iripo pfungwa: "Moscow - kuti Rome Third", musimboti izvo zvakachinja zvishoma: yokutombotaura pedzidziso akanga abvisa, kusiya chete neshoko iri pamusoro vaMuslim.

Russian muzivi Vladimir Ikonnikov akanga aronga dudziro, kunosimbisa Imperial vainyepera uye dzematongerwe weRussia: Moscow pashure kuwa Byzantium kwakaitika yaro yakakodzera pane dzakawanda ukama, ndiko - Muponesi chiKristu uye vanhu, nokuda "Roma yechina kwete." Izvi kwayo munhoroondo basa, ayo basa, pamusoro hwaro ichi, ine kodzero yokuva umambo hwenyika.

Tevera Kushandurwa dzidziso

Kubva iyoyo Third Roma akadana Russia sezvo nhare pavanhu, Kutaura basa rake guru. Kunyanya kusimbisa pfungwa uye ndikaedza Slavophiles panslavinisty. Soloviev Somuenzaniso, vaidavira kuti Russia ine basa rakakura kubatanidzwa East uye West, vaKristu vose pasi auspices pakati neChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia. Wezvenhau Ivan Kirillov akanyora kuti dzidziso Moscow sezvo Third Roma, ichi ndicho pfungwa Russian norudzi yokuzvitonga, asanyanya, iyo nyika vasina nguva yose iyi. VaKristu Orthodox havafaniri chete kubatanidza ose pamapatya avanhu, asi yarova Ottoman Empire, kuti haisi akarwisa kutanga. Munguva kusunungurwa hondo muBalkans pfungwa akava akakurumbira zvikuru pakati pavanhu.

Kubvira ipapo shoko Philotheus Wakazova enyika, veMweya uye ecclesial kukosha akadzingwa.

Munguva Soviet,

Fungidziro yakapirikirwa dzakasiyana panguva paumbwe Soviet wehurumende, asi pamwe veMubatanidzwa Stalin vakanga vakadzidza, akadzidza yaMakoronike uye ngano. Zvinonzi vakaratidza kuti pfungwa romeyskoy Kingdoms chokuita chete zvokunamata.

Izvi zvinonzwisisika. Mukuru Soviet Hurumende haana kuda vamwe dzidziso, kuwedzera mukukunda komiyunizimu munyika dziite marudzi pedyo. Zvino chitendero rakarambidzwa. Tales of muPskov mumongi kunyange zvakabviswa kubva mumabhuku.

nhasi

The Soviet Union yakaparara, vanhu vakatendeukira kuna Mwari uye vakatanga zvakare kutarisa nhoroondo yacho zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika paRussian nzira. tsvakurudzo zvose uye mabhuku amutswa kubva Philotheus kuna Berdyaev uye Solovyov, achitsanangura nei Moscow - the Third Rome. In zvose nhoroondo mabhuku sezvo enyika dzidziso akaenda kuti kubvira dzazvino akaratidza vanhu Russian mugwara okukura. Vezvourudzi kamwe zvakare kutaura Russian basa munhoroondo yenyika.

Zvisinei, chitendero nhasi anosiiwa vanhu, munhu wokutanga munyika kazhinji muchechi, akasuma Orthodoxy zvidzidzo muzvikoro uye mumayunivhesiti, kuteerera Patriarch, achitora nedzenyu zvingaitwa. Ungava sei kushamiswa kuti pfungwa iri Third Rome Western masayendisiti enyika kakawanda tsanangura kunzvimbo Russia iri dzakawanda munhandare!

Saka Panslavism, Bolshevism, Soviet expansionism, Russian National pfungwa, nzira yechokwadi, munhau basa - izvi zvose anotsanangura pfungwa Third Rome, akatsanangura mumongi Filofeem mumakore 1523-1524. Ingave rechina mufundisi weChirungu ainzi aiziva kuti mashoko ake achawana navanopinda kushanda? Kana Paunoongorora akapoteredza (izere mashoko kurekodha), uye nhoroondo ezvinhu, tinogona kuona kuti enyika makuru Hue mune dzidziso imomo. Chete ezvitendero, chezvinyorwa, kutya nokuda rusununguko kereke uye nesimba Russian Church. Zvisinei, kwemazana emakore akawanda Philotheus shoko asi tsitsi vadzvinyirirwe nevaya vaizobatsirwa zvakasiyana, uye akawana mumwe zvaanoreva. nhasi vanofanira sei kunzwisisa "Moscow - Third Rome"? Kungofanana nevamwe vanhu vose pamusoro enhoroondo pfungwa, mumwe nomumwe anofanira vakazvimiririra kusarudza kana anonzi inogadzirwa nguva, kana kuti kutsanangura dzidziso yazvino hunowanika.