Lycopodium clavatum: upenyu kutenderera, mamiriro uye kubereka

Lycopodium clavatum (Lat. Lycopodium clavatum) chinowanikwa nemipaini uye mumasango yakavhenganiswa. Mutete miti yakasvibira herbaceous awo korona batana yakatesvera panyanga dzacho. Asi ichi hachisi Inflorescence, nekuti chikwindi - yepamusoro spore chirimwa uye haana Anotumbuka. Kubereka uye upenyu kutenderera zvakasiyanawo zvinhu chokuita vekare kwakabva boka. It ane uwandu zvinhu uye maumbirwo Lycopodium clavatum.

mupenyu he

In iri Paleozoic yaitonga Masango treelike horsetails, tsvimbo mosses uye ferns akafukidza yakakura expanses panyika. Nokufamba kwenguva, mapoka aya zvinenge kuti kupararira izvo vanoda mvura donhwe-mvura chimiro, akapa nzira kuna mamwe nezviripo zvinomera - gymnosperms uye maruva. Kwete kurarama mu hondo iyi kurarama muti tsvimbo mosses - lepidodendrons uye sigillaria, wasvika pane kukwirira 40 metres, asi ivo vakapa pave simba marasha vazvo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika .. Modern miriwo mhuri Lycopodiaceae dissimilar chitarisiko kuti akasvibirira zvinomera carboxylic, asi ivo nhaka nzira kubereka uye kukura kunoita yemadzitateguru avo ekare.

Sei chirimwa inonzi "Moss"?

Kubva panzvimbo kuda rimwe nzendo muupenyu kutenderera Lycopodium yepakutanga - prothallia - kutanga kukura zvinokambaira girini madzinde. On the mukomberedzo, vachiri vaduku, hapana spore-nokuumba hura, uye mhete nechepakati - akararama yake. Kunenge kuti Lycopodium clavatum zvinofamba kuburikidza musango. Izvi nokuda chinja uye kukura nhungirwa itsva. Feature yagara vakaona, uye necheSalvic vanhu vakapa "zvinoyangarara" chirimwa zita "chikwindi" (mujecha). Sezvineiwo kwakabva zita echiLatin genus Moss. Rinobatanidzwa ne shoko German "Bere kuti paw." Saka mazuva akare rainzi chikwindi muGermany. Muzana XVI remakore shoko rakashandurirwa Latin, raiva mugumisiro Licopodium. vanhu vakasiyana muzita chikwindi "Lycopodium", "wolfberry".

Features Moss

Original uye chaizvo yekare miti yakawanikwa mudondo mapazi ari Northern uye Southern Hemispheres. Shamhu Lycopodium, kuti izvo Lycopodium clavatum, akavapo mumasango ari Paleozoic makore anopfuura mamiriyoni 350 akapfuura. zviratidzo zvakawanda zvinoratidza kuti boka iri zvishoma nezvishoma kupera. Asi nemamiriro chikwindi ane zvinhu sangano yakakwirira tichienzanisa Moss. Anogona kusvika pakuzviziva muenzaniso Lycopodium clavatum.

The tanga zviratidzo:

• dichotomous branching;
• Phyllotaxy zononoka.

Zvinoumba dzakakwirira zvinomera Lycopodium:

• kusiyaniswa tishu;
• vachiwaridza herbaceous madzinde;
• Midzi chaivo.

A maitiro chinhu - mikrofiliya chokuita kwakabva mashizha kubva panyika hunde outgrowths.

Sechivako Lycopodium clavatum

All perennial (asexual Danho) anotarira fluffy kutsauka kubva seti mashizha maduku. Vane Linear-lanceolate, mumwe nokuguma zvikuru pfava chena bvudzi. Lycopodium clavatum ane refu uye mutete zvinokambaira madzinde. mhando iyi tambo mhenyu rinosvika kureba kubva 1 kusvika 4 m. Zvakavapo vachikwira divi vamhanyi (masendimita 50) kubva pairi. Taproot, panongova adventitious kuti chirimwa wanamatira pasi. Long matete namakumbo sparse mashizha kubva hunde kutungamirira thickening pamusoro kupukunyuka. Izvi yakatesvera panyanga dzacho rakaorera ane cylindrical chimiro, uye kusvika kureba 4 cm. Kazhinji akaunganidzawo nemapoka matatu kana mana maviri vashoma. The sinuses dziri sporolistikov sporangia. Mumwe nomumwe izvi pouches duku yakazara spores.

The nemamiriro gametophyte

Lycopodium clavatum spores kukonzera kuti gametophyte, kana prothallia. Sechivako Lycopodium clavatum Panguva iyi hariwaniki pamusoro perennial chirimwa, sezvo tiri vajaira kuona. Sporophyte rinosvika pfuurei imwe millimeter mu dhayamita. It zarostok - kwekanguva chakajairika muupenyu chirimwa, asi zvakakodzera chaizvo. Kana kusawirirana vari yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu, ivo nguva refu havagoni kupa kuti pave muviri mutsva. Vakazvimiririra Sechipanji zvinovaka muviri nemaziso gametophyte asingagoni, iye anoshandisa "mabasa" ivhu notumwe. Kana kusawirirana nokukurumidza imere pamusoro pemvura, translucent zarostok inova rakachenuruka munyoro ruvara uye anokwanisa photosynthesis. The gametophyte dzinokura nokukurumidza mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. In dzidzo inokosha kuitika kurara gametes. Male - zai - huru uye immobile. Men - dzisingaoneki - diki, vakapakata flagella, uye nokukurumidza kufamba. Vakakura utachiona masero panguva dzakasiyana. Masero Men itamire mazai dzinoda mvura mumate. Panguva confluence kuti gamete muchangosangana kunoitika. The zygote anotanga kugovera, achipa pave nemasero uye nyama nezveramangwana sporophyte.

Lifecycle Lycopodium clavatum

Ngationei kuronda kukura muti kubva nharo kusvikira vakura chirimwa. "Lycopodium clavatum" Ndizvo zvatinofanira kazhinji kuona mumasango kana mufananidzo. The pouches, sporangia Spikelets zhizha woibvisa hombe rakawanda spores chakatodzana tsvuku upfu. Funga mamiriro guruva kunogona chete kuva pasi maikorosikopu. Chemical inoongorora kuratidza kuchikosha zviri izvi muriwo mafuta. Akadurura gakava muna July uye August, akatakurirwa nemhepo kuburikidza mumasango uye vari kuparadzira lycopodium. Muvhu, kumera kunotanga pasi zvakanaka ezvinhu. Kuvakwa zarostok-gametophyte, akafanana duku pizi-chinhu. Sexual kubereka clavate Lycopodium - imwe zvenguva Danho muhupenyu kutenderera, kuona magene kusiyana. Yatangwa gametes uye muchangosangana ikaonekwa nemaziso prothallia sporophyte. Chimiro Its kwatova zvinogoneka kuona mutete mutema hunde uye mashizha. Kutizira anongovangira chiedza uye shure - pasi muvhu. Moss Most inoparadzirwa vegetatively nzira - mumwe nomumwe chamboko ane ayo midzi, kukwanisa kurarama pasina amai chirimwa.

kushandiswa hunobatsira Lycopodium

In zvokurapa mafomu inoshandiswa chirimwa spores, aizivikanwa Lycopodium. The mbishi zvinhu inounganidzwa ari dzesango, achigadzirira mwana upfu uye Anti-bedsore. Lycopodium rine:

• mafuta;
• mapuroteni;
• polysaccharides;
• sitosterol;
• phenolcarboxylic asidhi;
• zvicherwa.

Folk varapi vanoonga ronda kuporesa nemano Lycopodium, pachii kutsva, frostbite. Miriwo ane Anti-anogumbura zvivako uye rinoshandiswa kuti zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana nadzo uye hurongwa. Chokunze chimiro mishonga kubva spores lycopodium rubatsiro eczema, mamota, herpes. Treatment zvinodhaka, Lycopodium yaifanira pamusoro zano uye pasi pokudzora chiremba.

zvezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa

Madzinde Lycopodium zvishoma nezvishoma "vakapararira" iri chikamu kutanga kumera muchikakavadzana. Kukwanisa inotungamirwa ravo chirimwa anooneka pasi 15-30-fung gore upenyu. Zarostok unofira danho inotungamirwa matavi uye midzi. Avilable clavate Lycopodium wayo kubereka vakatsunga nzvimbo nokuparadzirwa zvinomera. Undemanding kuti ivhu, inoda mvura mumate kuti pakusangana zvounzenza danho. Kwakadaro ezvinhu Moss inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakawanda uye nyika, kusanganisira Russia, Belarus, Ukraine. Chirimwa rinowanikwa zvikurukuru pamusoro jecha nevhu muchiedza mupaini mumasango. Kanenge - makawanda uye Deciduous. Mumakore hafu remakore nhamba Lycopodium shoma yekudyidzana. Rimwe dambudziko pamwe resumption ari kuwanda iri chokuita kunonoka paumbwe spore-nokuumba nzeve. Mumasango vegetative awo anogona kuwanikwa kakawanda kupfuura rokubereka. Mukuwedzera, kwete nguva dzose zvakarurama mamiriro ezvinhu spore kumera. Vanogona kufa kubva kupera mvura mumuviri kana makore regai pave gametophyte. Izvi chete chikamu zvezvakatipoteredza chokuita vakuru zvinomera Panyika. Inogona kudzokorora njodzi vavakidzani panyika shure muna Paleozoic - lepidodendrons uye sigillaria.

Kuparadzwa kwemasango, kuchinja zvokurima nharaunda mune inokanganisa zvepabonde uye asexual kubereka clavate Lycopodium. It abudisa kwayo nedziviriro anoverengeka US rinoti apo chirimwa anonzi chisingawanzowaniki vanoda kudzivirirwa.