Apo mufananidzo chena ropa masero vanhu?

muviri wedu - chinhu chinoshamisa. It anokwanisa kubudisa vose anodiwa zvinhu kuti upenyu, kutsungirira siyana nemavhairasi uye utachiona, pakupedzisira anotipa upenyu hwakanaka.

Apo mufananidzo chena ropa masero vanhu?

ropa Human ine kuumbwa zvinhu uye plasma. Leukocytes tiri mumwe izvi vakaumba zvinhu pamwe chete erythrocytes uye maplatelet. Vane Hauoneki, vane moyo uye anogona kufamba yakazvimiririra. Ona pasi maikorosikopu anogona chete pashure risati coloring. Mitumbi iri masoja yevanhu gadziriro, apo mufananidzo chena ropa masero, ivo kupinda muropa uye munyama. Vanogonawo kufamba takasununguka kubva nhumbi muimba munyama pedyo.

Leucocytes famba kunotevera. Zvaakanga pazvinhu mudziyo porusvingo, mumwe chena eropa fomu pseudopodia (pseudopodia), izvo anomhanyira rusvingo uye anobata nayo nokuda jira panze. Zvadaro akakudzvinya kuburikidza mutswe uye aishingaira chinoita kuti dzimwe masero mumuviri, achitungamirira "ndakagara" mararamiro. sangano ravo afanane kufamba amoeba (nemaziso chete-celled muviri kubva nyore chechetere).

The chikuru mashandiro anoita leukocytes

Pasinei zvakafanana ne leukocyte notupukanana, yavanobata dzakaoma mabasa. Dzinonyanya basa iri kudzivirira muviri akasiyana nemavhairasi uye utachiona, kuparadzwa masero nyanyisa. Leukocytes kudzingirira utachiona, envelop uye kuvaparadza. Izvi zvinonzi phagocytosis, iro rinoshandurwa kubva rinoreva Latin "unopedza chinhu masero." Paradzai utachiona kwakamuomera. At chirwere nemavhairasi nyuchi mumasero dzevanhu. Naizvozvo, kuti asvike kwavari, unofanira kuparadza chena masero eropa vane utachiona. Masero ropa nyanyisa chena dziri kuparadzwa.

Apo ropa chena masero vari kuumbwa uye vangani kurarama?

In achiita mabasa ayo, masero eropa akawanda chena kufa, saka muviri unobereka navo nguva dzose. masero eropa machena kuumbwa mune nhengo yomumwe zvirwere munhu gadziriro: mu ari thymus (thymus), mumwongo node nodes, tonsils, chirwatata uye ura lymphoid idzodzo (muna Peyer kuti makwapa akasvibirika). nhengo idzi dziri munzvimbo dzakasiyana nzvimbo muviri. Mumwongo zvakare nzvimbo mufananidzo chena masero eropa, maplatelet, masero matsvuku eropa. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti masero eropa vanoraramira anenge 12 mazuva. Zvisinei, vamwe vavo vanofa nokukurumidza chii chinoitika kana ivo irwa yakawanda hasha mabhakitiriya. Masero ropa Dead chena kunogona kuonekwa, kana paine pus, inova nesumbu pavo. Panzvimbo dzavo miviri vari dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri, apo mufananidzo chena ropa masero, pane masero matsva uye vanoramba kuparadza utachiona.

Panguva iyoyo pakati T-lymphocytes vane immunologic ndangariro masero kuti kurarama kwemakumi emakore. Ndakasangana lymphocyte Somuenzaniso, pamwe chikara zvakadaro, kufanana Ebola utachiwana - zvichava kurangarira kuti upenyu. Pamusangano yechipiri utachiona masero tinoshandurirwa lymphoblasts guru, iro anokwanisa muwande nokukurumidza. Ipapo vanova masero muurayi (muurayi masero), izvo isabudisa ngozi muviri Friend utachiwana. Izvi anoratidza kutapata kuti chirwere.

Sezvo masero machena eropa vanoziva kutanga utachiwana mumuviri?

Masero mumwe munhu imomo interferon ezvinhu, inova chikamu tinozvarwa kutapata. Pakatanga utachiwana mumuviri induces kugadzirwa interferon - imwe puroteni fuma kuti kwete kunodzivirira asi masero utachiona kubva kupinda pakati wanda. Panguva imwe chete, interferon kusashanda muurayi lymphocytes, izvo mumwe mhando leukocytes. Kubva mumwongo izvo masero eropa machena kuumbwa, vasina kutumwa kune utachiona masero uye kuvaparadza. Zvisinei, vamwe nemavhairasi uye avo zvimedu totadza wakaparadzwa masero. Kunokurumidziswa nemavhairasi vanoedza munhumbi masero kunyange vasiri neutachiona, asi interferon inodzivirira masero aya kubva sumo yavo. Nemavhairasi kunze muchitokisi, hazvina musoro uye nokukurumidza kufa.

Kurwisa nemavhairasi vane interferon maitiro

Mune Kushanduka nemavhairasi vakadzidza kudzvinyirira interferon hurongwa, riri nengozi kwavari. A simba inhibitory zvazvinoita yokuSpain utachiona nhaka. Kunyange zvakawanda mwoyo ino ari immunodeficiency kwevanhu utachiona (HIV). Zvisinei, zvose zvinyorwa kuputswa fivha utachiona Ebola, izvo anenge kutigumbura ari interferon hurongwa, anosiya muviri pangozi anongoda akawandisa nemavhairasi uye mabhakitiriya. Kubva chirwatata, node nodes uye dzimwe nhengo chokuita zvirwere, apo mufananidzo chena ropa masero, vachisiya masero chero chitsva. Asi, musawana somureza pamusoro kuparadzwa utachiona, ivo vakaneta. Panyaya iyi vanhu muviri mupenyu anotanga anoora, pova muzvizhinji kuti zvine chepfu apwanyika midziyo ropa uye munhu bleeds. kazhinji rufu rikaitika vhiki chirwere chechipiri.

Uye kana paine kutapata?

Kana anorwara munhu, kana zvimwe kurwara uye akapora, ipapo akaumba kugadzikana vawana kutapata kuti inopiwa leukocytes vechigaro mapoka T-lymphocytes uye B-lymphocytes. Masero ropa izvi chena anogadzirwa mumwongo kubva aizotangira mumasero. Vawana kutapata hwapedyo pashure kubaya. lymphocytes ava vanonyatsoziva kuti utachiwana, waiva muviri, saka zvavanoita choumhondi pfungwa. The Utachiona kutonetsa kuti dambudziko iri simba.

Sei lymphocytes-vaurayi kuuraya masero kuva nengozi?

Usati kuuraya masero nengozi, zvinokosha kuwana nayo. Lymphocytes-vaurayi reba kutsvaka masero aya. Vanotungamirirwa vanonzi histocompatibility maantigen (maantigen zvinyama kugarisana) rakamiswa pamusoro muchitokisi membranes. Chokwadi ndechokuti kana sero aiva utachiona, ipapo sero kurwira dooms roga nhengo rufu, sokunge achikanda "mutema mureza", zvichiratidza kutanga utachiwana mairi. Izvi "mureza dema" kuda kuzozivisa utachiona, riri muchimiro boka mamorekuru yaiva pedyo zvikuru histocompatibility maantigen. ruzivo urwu anogona "ona" lymphocyte-muurayi. Mano ichi akawana pashure kudzidzisa ari thymus. Kudzora migumisiro kurovedza zvakaoma chaizvo. Kana lymphocyte haana vadzidza kusiyanisa masero utano kubva achishivirira vaizongoguma kuparadzwa. With ichi nyore kusvika chinopukunyuka chete anenge 2% kuti muurayi lymphocytes, iyo zvino kubuda kubva thymus kudzivirira muviri kubva mumasero ngozi. Kana lymphocyte zvakarurama chinoita kuti sero iri noutachiona, zvinoita akamunyorera "ngozi jekiseni", uye muchitokisi afa.

Saka, leukocytes basa rinokosha pakudzivirira muviri pathogenic yomuchipatara uye masero nyanyisa. Izvi duku aishanda nesimba varwi huru kuzvidzivirira - interferon uye zvirwere. Ivo massively kufa mukurwa, asi kubva chirwatata, node nodes, mumwongo tonsils, uye dzimwe nhengo dzose zvirwere, apo mufananidzo chena ropa masero vanhu kudzitsiva kubva yakawanda rekuUnited masero wakagadzirira, kufanana dzavo vamutangira, nokubayira hwavo nokuda ruponeso dzemuviri. Leukocytes nechokwadi Kupona kwedu zvokunze kwezvakatipoteredza, azadzwa akawandisa utachiona siyana uye wanda.