Thymus (thymus). Thymus - mamiriro. Thymus - nzvimbo

Nhasi isu vachakuudza pamusoro chii thymus (thymus). Uyezve, uchadzidza nzira nokuaina akati muviri, chii mashandiro anoitwa uye apo riri.

tsananguro

Thymus (thymus) - muviri vanhu lymphopoiesis, uyewo mhuka dzakawanda. Zvinoitika immunological "kudzidzisa", kuibvisa uye Kusiyanisa T-masero ari zvirwere.

Kutarisika Body

Thymus (thymus) - iri mupfupi muviri ane nyoro kusachinja-chinja, kuva pinkish-wachena ruvara aine lobed pemvura. In vana vachangoberekwa miganhu yacho anenge 4 cm, 5 - pakureba uye 6 - mu ukobvu. Thymus muvana angava uremu vanenge 15-17 magiramu.

Kureba muviri kunosvika kune kutanga kuyaruka. Munguva iyi miganhu yacho kusvika vakadaro kunonyanyisa tsika: kusvika 7.5 masendimita pahupamhi uye 16 - pakureba. uremu Its kunogona 20-38 magiramu.

With zera thymus (thymus) chaidzo atrophy, uye pakukwegura haana kumbosiyana kubva dzakapoteredza mafuta tishu. Mumakore 75, mukanyiwa muviri yakadaro ndiyo magiramu 6 chete. Uyezve, anorasikirwa ruvara rwayo. Izvi imhaka kuwedzera vayowo mafuta masero uye stroma. Saka thymus shwanu hunowedzera tsvuku.

The thymus shwanu: nzvimbo mumuviri womunhu

The thymus ndiyo pamusoro pechipfuva. Akaviga chete seri breastbone. Pamberi muviri pedyo kwachiri sternum kuti ufanane 4th costal shwashwa, uyewo nematehwe. Shure kwake kubata yokumusoro munharaunda pericardium, anofukidza kutanga zvikamu pulmonary tsinga uye yeropa, kuruboshwe brachiocephalic Vienna uye kutsemuka Arch. Kumativi ose pane mediastinal pleura.

Nemamiriro muviri

Zvino munoziva kuti thymus. Sechivako muviri ichi, isu funga ikozvino. Muvanhu, inoitwa 2-lobes, spliced mumwe kana kunyatsotevera pedyo. Rezasi Chikamu thymus rakafara, uye musoro, nekusiyana, yakamanikana chaizvo. Yokumusoro danda wemuviri zvakasimba nowenyika maviri-pronged neforogo. Chaizvoizvo, saka zita rayo.

Absolutely muviri wose akafuka chaiyo Kamudzira, iro rinoumbwa gobvu zvinyama (connective). Kubva kumurume jumper zvakadzama. Vachigoverana thymus kupinda zvidimbu.

Node, ropa zvitengeswa uye innervation

The ropa nerubatsiro nhengo rinobva thymic mapazi kutsemuka chematenga, thoracal tsinga (zvemukati), uye brachiocephalic hunde namatavi rezasi uye yokumusoro thyroid arteries. Panyaya venous water drainage, voitakura kunze kuburikidza mapazi brachiocephalic uye dzakawanda thoracal mutsinga.

The node runoyerera kubva thymus uye node parasternal tracheobronchial plexus.

Innervated thymus (mashandiro muviri ichi chichange kumiririrwa hereinafter) kuruboshwe uye matavi kurudyi ari vagus etsinga, uye tsitsi, izvo kubva stellate tsitsi nokusunungura mapfundo uye yokumusoro thoracal hunde kuti akaumbwa tsinga plexuses dzakapoteredza inosimbisa muviri midziyo tinobva.

The nemamiriro tishu

Thymic stroma ine zvachose kuti epithelium. Diverticula zvinobva kuna yechitatu dakashwa yokufeva, uye ipapo imere mune Anterior mediastinum. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, stroma ari nhengo chakaumbwa okuwedzera tambo (kubva 4th yegwara branchial Maberere).

Lymphocytes zvinobviswa hematopoietic hunde masero akawanda akatamira chiropa nenyere. Kazhinji, izvi zvinoitika muna rokutanga, trimester wechipiri.

Pakutanga iri thymus rinenge ndiro kuwanda masero siyana ropa. Kunyange nokukurumidza kwayo basa ipfupi kuti paumbwe T-lymphocytes. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mashoko thymus ane lobed marongerwo. Munyama uropi lobes kusiyanisa uye cortex. The yokupedzisira iri arikunze uye anotarisa sezvinoita rima panzvimbo. Uyewo ari cortex pane capillaries ropa uye arterioles.

Zvinofanira kunyanya kuzivikanwa kuti yezviri zvinoriumba unotora masero:

• hematopoietic lymphoid dzinza (kureva, uchikura T-lymphocytes);
• haematopoietic macrophage dzakatevedzana (interdigitiruyuschie uye dendritic masero, hwakanga macrophages).

Mukuwedzera, cortex zvinosanganisira masero epithelial mavambo, kusanganisira:

• stellate (thymus secrete soluble kemikari - thymosin, thymopoietin nezvimwe yokudzora ari kukura kwacho, Kusiyanisa uye kuibvisa T masero, uye basa mumasero dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri vakasimba).
• kutsigira masero (nokuda kwavari aumbwa "marangwanda" rinenge uye anonziwo kuumbwa gematotimusny chipingamupinyi);
• kletki "nanny" pamwe intussusception, apo lymphocytes kutanga.

Under Kamudzira muviri ichi vakawanda T lymphoblasts (fissile). More zvikuru iri achikura T lymphocytes, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma tama kuuropi fuma. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuibvisa zvavo zvinotora mazuva anenge 20. In iyi pane paumbwe uye rearrangement majini yeEncoding T-sero Kanotokonya. Pashure paizvozvo, ivo vanosangana kusarudzwa (zvakanaka). Nemamwe mashoko, kubata pamwe epithelial masero vanotanga kusarudza chete "yakakodzera" lymphocytes, co-receptors uye TCR.

Chinotevera ndechokuti kusarudzwa lymphocytes kunaka. Ndezvemhuri zvakananga riri pamuganhu chepfungwa maatomu akafanana. masero monocytic mavambo vari kutanga sarudza masero kuti vanokwanisa kutaura pamwe maantigen muviri, uye zvadaro chitanga apoptosis yavo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti medulla rine vakawanda T-lymphocytes (ichiibvira). Hazvina kubva pano anosiya muropa uye mugogara mumuviri. Cellular Zvinoumba nefuma rinotaurwa stellate, kutsigira masero epithelial uye macrophages. Uyezve, pane corpuscles Hassall uye efferent nhengo dzinobudisa nemidziyo.

Thymus: mabasa

Nei tichifanira muviri ichi uye chii basa nayo anoita pamuviri? Thymic mahormone akadai timalin, thymosin, thymopoietin, thymic humoral chinhu, jekiseni-kufanana kukura chinhu-1 vari polypeptides. Kana munhu hypothymism chichachengetwa, ane kutapata somugumisiro anyatsoona kuderera kuderera kuwanda T-lymphocytes muropa.

Saka, unogona zvakachengeteka kuzivikanwa kuti T-lymphocytes ari thymus kuwana ehupfumi zvakadaro zvinopa kudzivirira masero kuti ave mutorwa muviri (nokuda makuvaro siyana). The mangwanani kurasikirwa huru mashandiro ari thymus shwanu kungaita kuti chakaremara nokushanda masoja dzevanhu gadziriro.

Masero Epithelial of thymus lobes kubereka hormone kuti anoita kuchinja lymphocytes mu akati nenyere. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vakura kungava zvikuru kusiyana kutapata. Kazhinji, izvi imhaka Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga mune thymus uye dzimwe lymphoid nhengo. kutsauka ichi aigona zvakanaka kuva chikonzero kufirwa murwere panguva yokutindivadza mu pakuvhiya.

Nyanzvi dzinoti kuti thymus chinhu chinokosha nhengo masoja dzevanhu gadziriro.

chengetedzo

Thymus hormone secretion yavo nokudzorwa glucocorticoids, kureva vanonzi mahormone ari adrenal cortex. Uyezve, nokuti basa muviri mutoro mainterferon, lymphokines uye mainterleukin, zvinoberekwa masero siyana pamusoro zvirwere.

Possible thymus chirwere

muviri Izvi zvinogona pasi zvarakasiya akadai:

• Di Dzhorzhi urwere;
• Medac urwere;
• myasthenia gravis (kukura sezvo yakazvimirira chirwere, asi runowanzotaurwa nezvarwo thymoma).

Mukuwedzera, muna mifananidzo muviri kungaita mapundu akadai:

• thymoma, thymic aumba kubva muchitokisi epithelial;
• T-sero rwekenza yelymphoma, hwava kubva lymphocytes, uye avo Precursors;
• neuroendocrine anomera;
• pre-T-lymphoblast mapundu izvo dzimwe nguva vane chikuru localization muna thymus uye vanozivikanwa muchimiro hombe infiltration iri mediastinum, achiteverwa nguva imwe kushanduka kupinda neleukemia;
• isingawanzowanikwi bundu (tsinga uye vascular mavambo).

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti thymic mapundu angava nekuratidzwa chirwere nezvokushanda kwemakemikari anobudiswa neoplasia mhando 1.

Ndiani kuonana nokuda ongororo?

Kana pane fungidziro kuti maronda kuitika munyika thymus, unofanira pakarepo kushanyira Immunology uye oncologist. Inobva MRI data, X-ray uye CT scan pechipfuva, vanachiremba vanogona kuisa murwere yakarurama zvokuongorora uye taurira kurapwa (kuchinja kana zvomusejari).