Global evolutionism sepokuwana paradigm hwemazuva rwokuzvarwa sayenzi

Global evolutionism, uye ano musayenzi mufananidzo wenyika - nyaya riri rwakazvitsaurira mabasa ake, vaongorori vakawanda. Mazuva ano zviri vakawanda vava nekuti mukati maro vanonzi kupfuura dzinokosha nesayenzi.

pose (nokudenga) Pfungwa yemhindumupindu anoratidza kuti nemamiriro nyika dzose hwakavandudzika. World zvinonzi sechinhu sangano, izvo anotibvumira kutaura pamusoro kubatana mitemo mukuru upenyu uye zvakasikwa kunokupa mukana 'maererano "kune munhu, kuti Nenyaya Iyi pamwe naye. Concept pose evolutionism, nhoroondo yacho, zvinokosha uye pfungwa munyaya ino.

prehistory

Pfungwa nyika ndeimwe anokosha ari European budiriro. In nyore siyana (Kant cosmogony Epigenesis, preformism) zviri muzana remakore rechi18 nesayenzi rakapinda achiri. Nechekare 19 remakore fung inogona hunzi remakore yemhindumupindu. Yokungotaura Modelling zvinhu, inozivikanwa pave, akatanga kubhadhara yakawanda nzeve pakutanga muna zvemaumbirwo, uye ipapo biology uye evanhu.

YaDarwin, tsvakurudzo Herbert Spencer

Charles Darwin ndiye akatanga kushandisa pfungwa yemhindumupindu mumunda chokwadi, saka nheyo ano yokungotaura zvipenyu. Herbert Spencer akaedza fungidziro pfungwa dzake pamusoro evanhu. musayendisiti Izvi zvakaratidza kuti shanduka pfungwa angashandiswa siyana nzvimbo nyika kuti murege anoenderana nenyaya zvipenyu. Zvisinei zimbabwe nesayenzi vakawanda havana kubvuma pfungwa. Evolving Systems yagara aionekwa nemasayendisiti somunhu anongoitika kutsauka, yakabuda somugumisiro omunzvimbo nenyonganiso. Yefizikisi vakaita kuedza wavo wokutanga kuratidza pfungwa iyi mhiri magariro uye sayenzi zvipenyu, akaisa mberi pfungwa yokuti chadenga chiri kukura.

Pfungwa Huru Bang

Data vakawana vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi ndikazvisimbisa kukundikana maonero ari mira zvakasikwa. Masayendisiti akawana kuti rave kutanga kubvira Big Bang, izvo, maererano kubvuma kwedu, akapa simba nokuda kwayo kukura. Pfungwa iyi akazviratidza ari 40s remakore rapfuura, uye muna 1970 pakupedzisira kusimbiswa. Saka, shanduka cosmology akapinda mharidzo. Pfungwa Huru Bang yekudyidzana kuchinja maonero sei nyaya iri muchadenga akasimuka.

Chete pakupera rechi20 remakore sayenzi vakagamuchira methodological uye yokungotaura midziyo kuti paumbwe imwe chete muenzaniso shanduka, kuvhurika mitemo mukuru zvakasikwa, iro integrally vakasungwa chidzoke zvakasikwa, zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, nyika, upenyu uye, pakupedzisira, murume uye nzanga. Universal (Global) evolutionism muenzaniso.

The chidzoke pose evolutionism

Mukutanga 80-ies wekupedzisira remakore, uzivi ano kwava kufarira kwatiri pfungwa. Global evolutionism vakatanga munyaya mukudzidza integrative mananara mune zvesayenzi, izvo chokuita Zvidzidzo matavi siyana dzinongoitika Sayenzi shanduka ruzivo. Izvi izwi akava wokutanga kurondedzera nokuchiva anoranga akadai zvemaumbirwo, zvipenyu, wefizikisi uye zvenyeredzi kuti kungotaurawo pamusoro Kushanduka zvigadziriswe kuti extrapolate. Kanenge, ichi ndicho zvinoreva pfungwa mubereko kwatiri pakutanga.

Academician NN Moiseev akataura kuti munyika yose evolutionism anogona kuunza masayendisiti kugadzirisa nyaya Rokusangana kuti biosphere uye nezvido zvevanhu kuitira kudzivisa zvakatipoteredza dambudziko rose. The Gakava chaiitirwa kwete chete nzira nesayenzi. Hazvishamisi, nokuti pfungwa pose evolutionism ane imwe pfungwa mutoro, kusiyana netsika evolutionism. Vapedzisira, sezvo ungayeuka, wakaradzikwa murugwaro Charles Darwin.

Global evolutionism, uye ano musayenzi mufananidzo wenyika

Pari vazhinji vanofungidzira inotifadza pfungwa kukudziridza mafungiro nesayenzi kutsiva. Zvikurukuru, yakanga pfungwa kuti munyika yose evolutionism vanofanira zvinoumba hwaro pamusoro yesayenzi mufananidzo wenyika, nokuti integrates sayenzi womunhu uye hunhu. Mune mamwe manzwi, zvakanzi akasimbisa kuti dzidziso iyi iri zvinokosha kukura nesayenzi yemazuva ano. Global evolutionism nhasi systemic chimiro. Sezvataona ne V. S. Stepin, muna sayenzi yemazuva, gadziriro dzayo dziri zvishoma nezvishoma kuva chikuru Fusion zivo. Izvi makirisito pfungwa azara anokosha mufananidzo wenyika. Global evolutionism, maererano V. S. Stepina, ari munyika yose tsvakurudzo chirongwa zvaraireva tsvakurudzo nzira. Pari kuti iripo mune vazhinji mushanduro uye dzakasiyana, dzinoratidzwa yakasiyana kwevari Conceptual elaboration: kubva achizadza hwemazuva hana zviine dzinofunga kuti uchida pfungwa, izvo funga zvakadzama yose nzira yemhindumupindu wenyika.

Musimboti munyika evolutionism

The kwaita pfungwa uyu yakabatana pakuwedzera miganhu sayenzi munzanga uye zvipenyu kugamuchirwa, shanduka kusvika. Kuvapo Qualitative unokwakuka mune zvipenyu, uye kubva kwaari evanhu nyika zvikurukuru chakavanzika. Inogona kunzwisiswa chete kuzvitutumadza kudiwa kuchinja kwakadaro pakati marudzi akasiyana rwemotokari. Nemamwe mashoko, kwakavakirwa kuvapo yemhindumupindu kwenyika akazotevera nzendo kare, zvinganzi vakafunga kuti ndiyo yose shanduka hurongwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti somugumisiro anotevedzana kuchinja vakaumba mamwe marudzi ose rwemotokari, kuwedzera munzanga uye zvipenyu.

Mashoko aya anogona kunzi sendarama mukuru Pfungwa chii yose evolutionism. Rondedzera muchidimbu zvinhu zvarinotaura. Izvi zvichakubatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani zviri pangozi.

zvinhu zvinotaurwa

Tiri kuziva paradigm kwakaratidzwa sei formalize vanzwisise uye chinokosha chezvinonhuwira yazvino mufananidzo kwenyika okupedzisira rechitatu rokupedzisira remakore basa nenyanzvi cosmology (AD Ursula N. N. Moiseeva).

Maererano N. N. Moiseeva, zvinotevera mazano zvinokonzera munyika evolutionism:

• Universe munhu chete kuzvipira dzichiri hurongwa.
• Development kuti hurongwa, shanduka wavo achitaura zviri munzira kukura kusiyana kwavo, kunzwisisa izvi hurongwa, uyewo kuderedza takatsiga yavo.
• Random zvinoita kuti itibatsire kukura, vanotozvikuvadza chipo muzvirongwa zvose-shanduka.
• Nhodzera muzvinhu zvakasikwa; kubva kare kuvimba chipo uye ramangwana, asi pachena havasi kunorondedzerwa.
• Nokuongorora simba zvenyika sezvo kusarudzwa zvechigarire, umo ezvinhu kubva dzakawanda rakapotsa siyana inoti anosarudza kupfuura chaiye.
• Kuvapo bifurcation pamusoro inoti haina kuramba, somugumisiro mberi shanduka anova chezvematongerwe nezvimwewo, sezvo munguva kuchinja pane anongoitika zvikonzero.

Zvose pfungwa pose evolutionism

Zvose zvinoita sokuti somunhu dzinongoitika isangano, Virtual pamusoro nguva. Global evolutionism - ndiko yokuti, sezvo rimwe kwacho anoongorora nhoroondo yose zvakasikwa. Yepasi pose, zvoutachiona, zvemakemikari uye munzanga-shanduka mune mhando kwayo kunoenderana vakazotevera uye majini.

Kudyidzana nedzimwe nzvimbo unyanzvi

Evolutionism kunokosha pakuderedza ane evolutionarily-synergetic paradigm musayenzi ano. Haana kunzwisisa mune zvetsika mupfungwa (yaDarwin), uye kuburikidza pfungwa yezvisikwa (yose) evolutionism.

The chinangwa chikuru mubereko kwatiri pfungwa kukura ndiko uchitevedzera musiyano pakati siyana zvoupenyu. Vatsigiri ayo ritaure idzodzo zivo inogona extrapolated kune yose uye vaigona kubatanidza siyana zvimedu tasangana kubatana. chirango kwakadaro shanduka zvipenyu, wethermodynamics, uye ichangobva vakabatsira zvikuru yose evolutionism uye Mubatanidzwa.

Zvisinei, tiri kuziva pfungwa panguva rinozivisa kupokana pakati mutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics , uye shanduka nezvedzidziso Charles Darwin. Last inozivisa kusarudzwa ezvinhu uye zvipenyu, achisimbisa kurongeka, uye vokutanga - kukura randomization chiyero (entropy).

The dambudziko Anthropic musimboti

Global evolutionism rinosimbisa kuti kukura nyika rose nechinangwa kuwedzera STRUCTURAL sangano. Maererano nepfungwa iyi, nhoroondo yose zvakasikwa - rimwe basa dzokuzvikoshesa shanduka, kuzvicheka-kukura nyaya. Global evolutionism - nhungamiro rinoda kunzwisisa pfungwa zvakasikwa, ari yepasi pose kuti zvinhu zvakadzama. Pfungwa iyi ikozvino ane ichiita mabasa akawanda chiedza. Masayendisiti funga izvozvo aksiologicheskie, musoro uye methodological nouzivi zvinhu. The dambudziko Anthropic musimboti rinyanye. Pane achiri nharo panyaya. Pfungwa iyi hunonyatsobatana pfungwa pose evolutionism. Ari kazhinji sechinhu chinonyanya ano shanduro payo.

The Anthropic musimboti ndechokuti chidzoke vanhu kwakaitwa ivepo imwe huru-pamwero ehupfumi zvakasikwa. Kana vakanga vakasiyana, kuti hapana aizoziva nyika. Pfungwa iyi yave Arayirwa Carter B. makumi emakore akapfuura. Maererano naye, pane kuwirirana pakati nezvokuvapo ungwaru zvose uye ayo parameters. Izvi zvakazoita kuti idzidziso pamusoro mubvunzo sei parameters yedu nyika vari netsaona, sei vari interconnected. Chii chinoitika kana pane zvishomanana kuchinja navo? Analysis kwakaratidza kuti kunyange kuchinja duku inokosha chaiko parameters kuchatungamirira chokwadi kuti upenyu, uye, naizvozvo, pfungwa havangagoni zviripo zvakasikwa.

Carter akaratidza ukama pakati chidzoke yenjere zvose uye ayo parameters mune simba uye simba Pfungwa. The simba Anthropic musimboti rinotaura chete kuti mamiriro ezvinhu zvinowanika kwairi, haambozvipikisi kuvapo nomunhu. Strong Anthropic neBhaibheri kunoratidza ukama makasimba. Zvakasikwa, maererano naye, vanofanira kuva vakadaro kuti pane imwe padanho kukura, hunobvumira kuvapo vaiona.

coevolution

Dzidziso yose evolutionism kunokosha chaizvo uye kwakadaro chinhu se "co-shanduka '. Izwi iri rinoshandiswa kureva Danho itsva, umo kuvapo nomunhu uye hunhu inopindirana. Pfungwa co-shanduka kunobva pakuti vanhu, kuchinja biosphere kuti dzienderane zvavanoda, vanofanira kuchinja pachavo kusangana chinangwa zvinodiwa yezvakaita. Pfungwa iyi anoratidza pfungwa yokushanda chimiro zvakaitika vanhu mukufamba kare, rine zvimwe imperatives uye mutemo socio-rwokuzvarwa mukukurukurirana.

In mhedziso

Global evolutionism uye mufananidzo ano munyika - hot chaizvo nyaya sayenzi. Nyaya iyi akafukidza chete dzinokosha nyaya uye pfungwa. Dambudziko pose evolutionism kana kutsvakwa, inogona kudzidzwa kwenguva refu,.