Daniel Bernoulli: Biography, mapikicha, inobatsira kuti kukura dzidziso fungidziro

XVII remakore - zera chokwadi. In matavi mazhinji ruzivo mauto dzakabudirira pfungwa vezvitendero hwaro kuziva nyika chikatsiviwa evasingatombonamati nesayenzi. A yakasiyana Fani pakuitika - the Bernoulli mhuri, waiita akawanda masayendisiti nyika-kirasi. Mumwe mazita dzepamusorosoro iyi renyeredzi - Daniel Bernoulli. Kutambudzwa tarenda uye siyana kutsvakurudza zvido, iye wakange akafanana nyanzvi huru Renaissance. The chikuru chakanakira ake uye dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri kuti zvizvarwa ndiko kupa masvomhu sezvo zvakasikwa chishandiswa kutsvakurudza zvesayenzi - wefizikisi, kemisitiri, biology uye nevamwe vakawanda.

Masvomhu semhuri mashandiro

Madzitateguru mhuri Bernoulli dzaimbova kubva Flanders, kubva nzvimbo Southern Netherlands, iyo dzakazova chikamu Belgium. In Antwerp, kwaaigara mumwe kumadziteteguru yakakurumbira mhuri - Jakobho, vakatanga kushungurudza vatsigiri Protestantism, anosanganisira Bernoulli. Vakamanikidzwa kutanga Germany uye ipapo uende muBasel, apo vakagamuchira chizvarwa Swiss. Mwanakomana Jacob - Nicholas, uyo ari mazita muti mhuri yakasarudzwa mukuru, aiva nevana 11. Ndiye muvambi yaiva yakakurumbira kwemasvomhu hwedzinza. Mumwe wevana vaJakove - Johann - akadzidzisa paYunivhesiti yeGroningen. Izvi guta Dutch January 29, 1700, uye akaberekwa Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782 gg.).

Apo remangwana musayendisiti mukuru akanga 5 makore Johann Bernoulli nemhuri yake vakadzokera muBasel, apo akawana pambiru purofesa wemasvomhu. Shure kwokubereka munyaya inotungamirwa Daniel, zvakava pachena kuti akanga chipo hapana zvishoma pane hama dzake - Jakobho uye Nicholas Jr. Asi Johann Daniel vaifungidzira kuti zvinobatsira zvikuru - mutengesi kana mishonga - basa, saka, panguva kuomerera yake, makore 15 Daniel Bernoulli ndiye akatanga kudzidza mushonga paUniversity of muBasel, uye ipapo muna German Heidelberg.

Medicine uye masvomhu

Kufarira kudzidza inoyerera mvura uye gaseous Vezvenhau achiratidzwa Daniel, paakava mudzidzi yakakurumbira chiremba Chirungu William Harvey. Akanyatsoongorora familiarized pamwe basa racho nokudzidza ropa riyerere mumuviri womunhu - Harvey akanga pervootkryvatem guru uye diki kweropa.

Nokukurumidza Daniel Bernoulli akadzivirira kunyora nhoroondo uye vanoedza pambiru mudzidzisi. Nepo kusarudzwa musarudzo ari kwaiwanzoitwa nemijenya. The kuedza rejaya musayendisiti aiva kubudirira, asi ikazova mhosva yake kufarira kwemasvomhu zvebasa dzidziso mukana.

Muna 1724 Daniel vakatamira Venice kuramba vachidzidza anoshanda mushonga pa yakakurumbira chiremba Antonio Michelotti.

Daniel I.

In Italy, iye akarwara zvokuda kufa, asi akaramba tsvakurudzo yake. Akapedza yakawanda kuedza kuwana regularities ari maitiro mvura kana inoyerera kubva mudziyo uye achipfuura zvibereko pamuchinjikwa zvikamu zvakasiyana. basa iri kusimbiswa simba rake idzva munda wefizikisi, yaakakudanirai hydrodynamics.

Muna 1725 Daniel Bernoulli akakokwa nokuda Russian Empress Catherine I kutora pambiru musoro weDhipatimendi Mathematics panguva Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg. It akaverenga kwake, sezvinoita nyanzvi yakakurumbira hydrodynamics, mukusika kupindana namatsime Peterhof.

Stay musayendisiti mu Russia kwakaratidzwa nenjodzi - 9 months asvika St. Petersburg akafa nefivhiri vauya naye Nicholas munin'ina. Pasinei chakakomba morale kuti pamwe naye panguva yake yose kugara kune imwe nyika, Daniel vakaunganidza zvinhu zvawo huru yesayenzi basa - "Zara Dynamics", rakabudiswa muna 1738. It akagadzira dzinokosha zvokudya mitemo kuona yezvakaita inoyerera mvura uye magasi, vakagamuchira zita Bernoulli.

Kumusha anoita masayendisiti kuzviisa pasi nekukumbirira zvepamusoro muBasel, umo mune 1733 ndokudzokera Daniel Bernoulli. Biography rake kubva chokuita chete kuguta rino, kwaaigara uninterruptedly kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1782.

Ukama nababa vake

Kana muna 1734 Dhanieri akapa "Hydrodynamics" panguva mumakwikwi kuParis Academy of Sciences, zvikazooneka kuti muvengi wake baba vake. Academy asarudze aiva kubvuma, asi akaita hasha pamusoro chikamu mubereki. Daniel Bernoulli uye Johann Bernoulli rinoenderana akataura vakundi, asi ari munhu anotamba nemwanakomana wake sokuti yakare purofesa rinonyadzisa.

The ukama nababa vake Daniel akanga adziviswa, pasinei nechido kumisa mwanakomana wavo. Kana bhuku "Hydrodynamics" muStrasbourg muna 1738, iye zvakananga akawedzera kuti zita rake rokuti papeji "Johann mwanakomana." Asi mukuru Bernoulli akanga vasingawirirani. Kwapera gore, akabudisa bhuku rake "Hydraulics". Zvinonzi zvakananga yomusi izvozvo 1732, kuratidza pakutanga kwayo.

Daniel Bernoulli uye mupiro wake kukura dzidziso fungidziro

Mu "Comment St. Petersburg Academy" Bernoulli yakabudiswa pepa umo akaona mashoko, yainzi St. Petersburg gangaidzo. It chokuita mutambo, kekutanga akataura hwaDhanieri muzukuru - Nicholas: unokanda mari panguva N-nguva vawa "yeGondo" unounza mutambi kuhwina munzvimbo chitsama 2 simba N mari. Kwemasvomhu kukarukureta kuti mukana Kwokukunda kunotungamirira yaive kukosha, asi kushandisa pfungwa kunoratidza kuti remuneration kuita mutambo kuva finite ukoshi. At chisarudzo pamusoro gangaidzo Daniel inoshandisa yokutsiva tariro kuhwina mutsika uyewo ukama fungidziro uye pachake utility.

Chimwe chidzidzo chinokosha pamusoro Bernoulli munharaunda iyi kwakakonzerwa huru mune Daniel - wezvokurapa - uye zvitsva nemapazi sainzi, akarongeka nhamba uye dzidziso zvikanganiso. Akabudisa pepa iri kubudirira kubaya pamusoro nechibhokisi.

nhaka

Daniila Bernulli basa dzidziso differential equations vanokosheswa masvomhu "wakachena". A kwemasvomhu Physics - munda sayenzi, apo musayendisiti anonzi mumwe havaoni.

Izvi yefizikisi ngoro asi mitemo dzinokosha Urume emuchina, Bernoulli zvabatsira kinetic dzidziso magasi uye dzidziso elasticity, inova nyaya munhevedzano mabasa vibrating tambo. Modern aerodynamics iri inobva zvakawanwa akaita kuti nguva yokutanga Daniel.

Paris, Berlin, Bologna, St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, ari Royal Society - nhengo shamwari masayendisiti Daniel Bernoulli. Photo pamwe asian ake inoshongedza masvingo dzakawanda masangano yesayenzi kutakura zita rake, kusanganisira murabhoritari panguva Institute of Complex Systems kwemasvomhu Research pa MSU.