Mhedziso nevamwe Nature uye Technology

Pressure - nhamba yemabhuku wefizikisi, iyo inoratidza nhamba kukosha ukama hondo ndikaita kugamuchirwa chikwata chaicho pamusoro. Zvinofungirwa kuti ritungamirirwe simba ichi chaizvoizvo perpendicular pemvura nzvimbo. Kana SI gadziriro, iyo vabvuma rakakura Kishi nyika, simba nyaya Newton kana kilogram simba, uye nharaunda - mativi masendimita (millimeters, mamita), tinowana:

P = F / S = N / cm2 = Pa

Pascal - iyi ndiyo imwe mhando tsika (zvaishandiswa engineering wefizikisi). Kazhinji, tsika zvinoratidzwa muna MPa - megapascals. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti kuderedza zeros. "Atmosphere" kazhinji kushandisa izwi iri unyanzvi uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva. Mhedziso kumanikidzwa uyewo hama, kuyerwa mu "atmospheres" Pa, uye dzimwe dzakabatana.

In tsika, shoko rokuti "mhepo" ndiyewo mashomanana pfungwa: mureza uye michina. Standard, panyama kana zvakajairika muchadenga akasarudzwa se "ATM" (Ata) uye mureza ukoshi - 101325 Pa, rinoreva HG kumanikidzwa panguva wegungwa uye ari kudziya 0 Celsius. Unogonawo kuwana mashoko 760 mm.rt.s. (MmHg). Technical muchadenga ane chokuita rokuti mhedziso kumanikidzwa sezvo ane zvakasiyana tsananguro uye chikwata "AT" (ATI). The tsananguro inoti: "simba kuita perpendicularly pamusoro uremu (1 kg) pamwe rinokweva kumhanyisa (1g) noruvara paminiti chikwata nzvimbo (1 cm2)."

Kunewo vamwe:

Mhedziso kumanikidzwa - okuda akayera hama kuti kumhedziso razero - vacuum (Ata).

The hama kumanikidzwa - okuda akayera hama kuti mureza mhepo (ATM).

Kunwisa kumanikidzwa - kunogona vose kuva hama, kana kuva musiyano (psig).

Kakawanda munhu pfungwa kwakakwana, uye kumanikidza ari oga sezvo chete mhando mbiri. Kutaura zvazviri, musiyano zvinokosha rakawandisa uye havana hama kumanikidzwa. Izvi ndizvo zvimwe majana kutaura kuti vakajairana kushandisa nyanzvi imwe indasitiri.

Ngatidzokerei pfungwa kwakakwana kumanikidzwa. Sezvambotaurwa, chinhu Mhedziso chakarurama, kureva akayera kubva mumuviri razero. Zvakafanana chikero pamutsetse - iwe anoyera 0 uye zvikuru sei uchida. Zvakasikwa, dzidziso iyi haawanzopiwi kushandiswa mune Masvomhu, sezvo "mugungwa" nguva dzose nechekare pane kumanikidzwa. Saka, zviri nyore kuti kuyera naye. Somuenzaniso, tai kumanikidzwa motokari yako tenzi basa chiteshi anokuudza mumhepo (nokuti motokari inenge 2,2 ATM). Sepombi vane chikwata - mumhepo, asi neunyanzvi. Izvi imhaka yokuti kana uchishandisa chinokosha musiyano.

Oga, zvinonzi kuzivikanwa kuti mhepo nevezera pamwe pakakwirira, Chokwadi, zvinosiyana. Kuchinja kumanikidzwa kwakakwana uye hama conventionally dzose kiromita. Kuti vanokurondedzera, vanofanira kufunga zvose zvinoonekwa nevanhu: tembiricha, arambe achirema uye kumhanyisa rusununguko kuwa. Data izvi chimwe nechimwe mwero yakakwirira. Ivo waitsanangura iri tafura kwokudzvinyirira nokuparadzirwa napazvikomo, kana unogona kupiwa dziri calculators. ruzivo Izvi zvaibatsira zvikuru vagadziri ndege (LA). Sezvo LA ane nokushanda zvakawanda altitudes kubva 0 kusvika 12 km (mutakurwi). Uye, zvino, hurongwa zvose, michina uye injini basa ndege inofanira akagadzirirwa kufungisisa kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu akasiyana.

Munyika kushandisa dzakasiyana tsika, riri akayera sezvo kunyanyisa, uye Mhedziso kumanikidzwa. Zvose zvinoenderana Nzvimbo nharaunda uye kushanda. Below huru cheni kwokudzvinyirira dzakabatana:

1 Pa = 9.87 * 10-6 ATM. = 1,02 pa. = 1,02 makirogiramu / cm2 = 10-5 bhaa = 1,45 * 10-4 PSI =

= 7,5 * 10-3 mm HG = 0,120 mm.vod.st

Sezvinogona kuoneka, kumanikidza zviumbu siyana iwayo guru. Kubva Pamazita ino, Kishi nyika, zvikuru kakawanda Pa, ATM., Al., KG / cm2, mmHg

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kunofambira mberi uye zvachose kumanikidzwa inowanikwa zvakasikwa uye muitiro. Kunofambira mberi kumanikidzwa - nezvinodzvinyirira iyo kunoonekwa nokuda kushanda Urume aibuda (i.e., ayo dzinongoitika kumanikidzwa). Vose kumanikidzwa (kumanikidzwa braked parameters) - iri kumanikidzwa akayera zvakananga rukova (i.e. panguva braking pamberi chekubuda Switch).

Pressure kunechekuita murume yakakura kupfuura tembiricha, sezvo tembiricha kwevanhu muviri une imwe kuchengeterwa, uye kumanikidza - iduku kwazvo. Ndokusaka vakwegura uye vanorwara vanhu chaizvo kunzwisisa kuchinja kufurirwa. Nokuti zvine chokuita zvinangwa, mumwe kumanikidza rwokuyeresa mano - gauges kuti hydrometeorological - barometers.