Aripiko Bheterehemu: tsananguro, nhoroondo, zvinokwezva uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Bhetrehema ndiro guta saka rekare, kusarudza musi chaiwo waakaberekwa nheyo dzaro kare asingagoni. Date izvozvo vanenge 17-16 emakore BC. Earth apo Bethlehem, PA zvakamboitikawo zvionera nharaunda (kumaodzanyemba kweJerusarema). The guta riri pamahombekombe rwaJodhani. MuBhaibheri, riri kunzi Efrat, paBheterehemu-judha. Asi zita iri, asi rinoreva nzvimbo yose, iyo iri zvino Bhetirehemu ano.

History weBheterehemu; wokutanga kutaurwa

Tsvaka apo Bheterehema, chii nyika, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti mune nharo mundima. On chikamu ichi munyika aiti nevaIsraeri uye Palestine. Inodzokororwa kusawirirana uchapupu. Nepo runyararo chibvumirano akabata guta Palestinian nhaka.

munharaunda guta ndokwenguva 5.4 mativi makiromita. Izvi ndima duku emakore vakakunda kakawanda. Wokutanga kutaurwa Mikoko shure 17-16 emakore BC kuberekwa Mambo Dhavhidhi azodzwa kuti ave mambo nemuporofita Samuel.

Basilica uye muHondo

Muna 326 zvakanga yakavakwa Chechi Kuberekwa, uye kubva iyoyo anotanga nhevedzano hondo pamusoro varidzi reBheterehema chokuita nyika yechiKristu uye akava mumwe zviratidzo kutenda. Muna 1095 Pope Urban II akaronga kuti Hondo yokutanga nechinangwa kukunda asunungure Jerusarema, Nazareta uye nokuBheterehema nokutonga Muslim. Chinangwa chakanga kubudirira muna 1099. In pekufa okukunda yakanga yarongwa Umambo Jerusarema, akazosvika kusvikira 1291.

hweOttoman kumwedzi

Kubva 16 uye 20 remakore, Bheterehema, Holy Land, Jerusarema vaiva hweTurkey. Pasinei vaMuslim nhaka, kuti vafambi yakawira panzvimbo tsvene takasununguka. Asi mumakore 1831-41, kuwana kuBheterehema yakavharwa Muhhamedom Ali (Egyptian Khedive), rakanga aidzorwa guta kwemakore gumi.

Russia vakapinda Crimean hondo pamwe hweTurkey mumakore 1853-1856, chikonzero chaiva kuramba yeRussian Empire kupa utungamiriri machechi echiKristu Munyika Tsvene.

The zvichangobva remakore rechi20

Muna 1922, Bheterehema mushure kwakaderera hweOttoman Empire akauya pasi protectorate Britain. Under UN chepasi cheguta ndokuwa muna 1947, uye muna 1948, Jerusarema uye Bhetrehema vakanga akatapwa Jordanians. Sezvo 1967 uye kusvikira 1995 guta pasi Israeli kuzvidzora. Somugumisiro pakati kwakadzama muna 1995, yakapiwa kuna Palestinian Authority, kwaakanga nanhasi.

Mugwagwa kuBhetrehema

The Palestinian Authority ari chikamu umo Bheterehema - kumwe akashanyira nzvimbo munyika. The guta haana wakapata basa rinokosha muupenyu mudunhu. Its ukoshi iri imwe ndege: kuberekwa munzvimbo ino yavakuru, kakawanda kuti yakaitika makore anosundwa nguva uye havatsananguri tsika uye zvokunamata upenyu ano.

misi Ancient vanonetsa, asi aikosha vairemekedza nzvimbo yokutanga rakamiswa mumugwagwa kubva kuJerusarema kuBhetrehema - Ndiro rinda Rachel. Zita romukadzi uyu anotaurwa muTestamende Yekare mudzimai tateguru Isaac vadiwa. Sheori ndiyo chinhu outorwa kuvaJudha. Munzvimbo ino, zvose chinoyambuka: uchigara raRakeri, riri pakati Bedouin kumakuva, izvo kunokwezva vaMuslim kukudza madzitateguru avo.

King zvebhaibheri

Munzvimbo pane Bheterehemu, akaberekwa mumwe wemadzimambo yakakurumbira - David. Ikoko akanga akazodzwa mambo. David akabatana kunyika yaIsiraeri, vakakunda uye yakatora kuJerusarema, akariita guta guru hwake. MuJerusarema, Soromoni mwanakomana waDhavhidhi akavaka temberi airemekedzwa nevaJudha vose.

Nezvokumutswa nezita raDhavhidhi inowanzotaurwa nezvayo ake zimbuya Ruth. Akapinda zvemadzimambo Bhaibheri nemhaka yaro tsvene uye rudo vamwene. Kudyisa mukadzi akwegura, Ruth akaunganidza muminda yaiva muBhetrehema, akaramba achitevera vacheki, kushanda murume aizomuroora. Mune emakore mashoma, uye pamusoro avo minda chete vachanzwa mashoko engirozi, bhosvo Christmas. Iyi nzvimbo yava kunzi "munda Vafudzi" uye rinoreva muguta duku kuBheti Sahour.

The huru udo

Nzvimbo guta reBheterehema, nhoroondo yaro iri yakafukidzwa chakavanzika. Tevera yekare chikamu munhau inogona yakavakirwa mubvunzo zvinyorwa uye sayenzi yezvinocherwa mumatongo. MuBhetrehema, Iisus Hristos akaberekwa, uye kuti nokududza chinoumba tsika guta rino mumaziso vatendi uye vanyori venhau dzakaitika. Chokuita kuwanikwa Kuberekwa muBheterehema mubako, guta akawana yose kukosha. Nokuti rutumba VaKristu vakarwa vaMuslim kwemazana emakore akawanda. NevaIslam kukunda akapa nzira yamadzimambo okumabvazuva. History anoziva tutemberi vakawanda pasi ropa hondo.

Muna 326, panguva behest of Empress Helena pakati Byzantium pamusoro mubako Kuberekwa yakavakwa Chechi Wokuzvarwa. Muna 529, chechi akatambura zvikuru kukuvadzwa vaSamaria vakapandukira Byzantine utongi. Mushure kudzivisa nokumukira, Kesari Justinian rakadzorerwa chechi, wokukudza kwakavakirwa temberi.

Kubva 1517 kusvikira pakupera World War Chokutanga, vose Holy Land, kusanganisira Bheterehema, vaiva hweTurkey. Asi vafambi pasuo Shrine haana yakavharwa, mutendi wose anogona kuuya kuzonamata asingadziviswi. Asi munzira yakanga kuchengeteka.

Muna 1995, nemhaka Nhaurirano inzvimbo Bheterehemu, vakauya pasi pokutonga Palestinian Authority. Saka kataundi historiallinen rakava musimboti dunhu duku.

Christian Enclave

Bhetrehema - uko pamwe vaMuslim nevaKristu murunyararo. Kutozosvikira munguva ichangopfuura (Makore 50 apfuura) guta raiva anenge zvachose Orthodox, asi zvino nhamba echiKristu vakatendeka masangano ungaderedza.

The chikuru nzvimbo Orthodox nyika - Church of Wokuzvarwa ane ndima huru. Zvakananga yakabatana yomukatikati dzemamongi matatu: Orthodox, Armenian uye Franciscan. Temple anazvo ne masangano matatu abate mabasa shure aritari huru vanekodzero vapristi chete Orthodox.

Mwoyo wekereke iri pasi peatari. Vachibayira kunge pamatanho yekare, nokusvitsa cavern, paburiro, unogona kuona sirivha nyeredzi, zvinoreva nzvimbo akaberekwa Kristu. Ndicho chinangwa chikuru pamusoro outorwa kwevaKristu pose. Kuti mukana kubata neKijuni dzechitendero vanhu vachiita rurefu.

Zvinoshamisa uye temberi pacharo. Akavaka emakore akawanda akapfuura kubva dzemakwiringwindi-akavezwa, anoramba mapurani yekare uye anotarisa zvakawanda sezvinoita nenhare, nguva dzose vakagadzirira kuzvidzivirira uye kudzivirirwa vechinamato dzavo uye navaranda. mabasa Recent kudzorerwa unotipa kuona dzimwe nzvimbo, mubatanidzwa wezvidimbu uriri, akaita pasi Emperor Justinian. Zvasara waMosesi kushongedzwa anogona kuoneka pamadziro, zviripo kupenda. Kupendwa mifananidzo Saints katyamadza uye kuwedzera manzwiro yevatendi, kushanyira temberi. Ekune mbiru achitsigira rakatenderera musi yevaKristu neshanu uye chokuita nguva Dzorudzidziso. Vari akashongedzwa mifananidzo, asi zvakaoma kufunga.

Christian dzinoyera

Bethlehem, apo mubako Kuberekwa, imwe zvebhaibheri nzvimbo shoma. Ivo vari kufarira kwete chete kune Mapilgrim vakatendeka, asi mumwe munhu nyaya inokosha. Pano unogona kuwana kana kusaratidza nedzimwe dzidziso. Vakadzi vazhinji kuita outorwa kuna Milk cavern. Inside payo, masvingo vari chena. Maererano nengano, muna Grote Mariya naJosefa achangoberekwa Kristu kuvanzika masoja aHerodhi kwamazuva makumi mana.

Pedyo Chechi Kuberekwa ndohumwezve asingakanganwiki nzvimbo mubhaibheri - kubako reBheterehema vacheche. Maererano nengano, vakadzi vake akaviga vana vavo, asi havana kugona kuponesa. By zvarayirwa naMambo Herodhi akanga euthanized anenge 14,000 (maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana) vacheche makono. Order rupedze vana Herodhi vakapa yakafanira rakafanotaura kuti mukomana, remangwana mambo waJudha uye zvimuparadze. In dzakadzikira bako pane chechi duku avaka catacombs wegadziriro. Ndicho mukuru chivakwa mukristu vasara dzakakwirira yakatanga muzana remakore rechitanhatu.

dzimwe zvinokwezva

Uyewo ari pedyo reBheterehema muri madziva Solomon - reservoirs huru kuunganidza mvura yakachena. Mvura mavari vakauya samostokom, uye kwava wakakwana zvokuti fascinates nhasi. Dhori vachiri kushandiswa chinangwa chahwo yokudiridzira.

Uyewo kuziva mufambi kushanyira Herodium - guta yakavakwa naMambo Herodhi mugomo nomunhu. Chikomo hunopfuura muguta, kuyeuka perishability guru dzomunyika. Zvaidavirwa kuti gomo iri guva ramambo, asi Zvakafukunurwa kuitwa 2005, mwoyo vateveri dzidziso iyi. makawanikwa sarcophagus, asi hapana Zvisaririra kwakawanikwa mauri.

nhasi

Modern kunechekuita upenyu guta, asi kupfuura zvose zviitiko chokuita kukosha kwomudzimu zviitiko pano. Today Bethlehem, uko vagari vanenge 25 000 zviuru yakazaruka vakundi zvose. Vanhu vanoshanyira rive kuziva, uye chinangwa pakunamata. The kunetsana weIsraeri uye kuPalestine, zvishoma nezvishoma inopfungaira munharaunda iyi hakutadzisi kushanyira nzvimbo pane Bheterehemu.

The guta haana akararama vazhinji. Sezvo makarekare akaramba chakayerwa mararamiro vemunyika. The kwezvivako yose, services uye madiki Kugadzirwa vaifarira kukura kuti vafambi uye vashanyi. Vazhinji vanogara - the namaParistina vaMuslim. Vari kumba kusvika 80-85 muzana zvachose kwevanhu muguta. Vamwe vagari - vaKristu zvemasangano akasiyana.

Nzvimbo kuBheterehema (Palestine nyika), edza kuti kudzivirira kurwisana kwemauto, nekuti huru purofiti kunobva vashanyi. Kuvimba mushanyi aibuda anoita namaParistina zvarisingazivi, kubudirira webasa, zvokutengeserana uye mamwe mabhizimisi.

ngozi Kuonekwa

Vakawanda vanoti guta reBhetrehema muIsraeri - taundi rokumusha kwaJesu Kristu. Izvi ndezvechokwadi nemashoko yechiberekerwa Muponesi muBheterehema nokunyengera muguta kuva Israeri. Bhetrehema ndohwaJehovha Palestinian Authority uye Jerusarema riri maawa maviri kure. Kuti vasvike kune nzvimbo guta anogona kuva kuburikidza panzvimbo. Kazhinji vane kumira mumutsetse, izvi nokuda mutsika vechinamato uye vachiongorora magwaro.

No anokosha mapepa mvumo yekupinda haina kunodiwa: chete zvatinosiita chiratidzo yokumwe mugari iri pasipoti. Kusecha nguva nenguva akavharwa kwemazuva akawanda nokuda ichi kuoma mamiriro ezvinhu Palestinian-Israeli pabonde. Asi vakawanda, muchikamu ichi pamuganhu Palestinian Authority uye Israeri, zvinhu zvikuru akadzikama.

uri kana kushanyira guta kuenda dzinoyevedza kana kuenda mberi youtorwa, yakanakisisa sarudzo yaizova nzira: weBhetirehemu - Israel. Details yeguta kuchaita nzvimbo dzose kufamba mairi, saka nguva mberi kutenga kadhi Bhetrehema.