Australia: Industry uye Economy

The nzira yokuva bhizimisi uye zvokurima yeAustralia haagoni kunzi nyore uye akachengeteka. Mugove kondinendi haana kusiyira zvakakomba dzoga, hazvina kukanganisa nyika hondo, uye okunze munzira dzose vakabatsira kuti kukura maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Kunyange zvakadaro, nyika vagara pasi pokudzora Great Britain, mupfungwa yakati, akaita kuti tisaita kukura. Ukuwo, kuti chinodiwa kutanga kuti paumbwe zvokurima akariisa indasitiri British, izvo anopa zvinhu Australia. Industry and kurima pamusoro kondinendi kunge wakashanduka-shanduka zvishoma nezvishoma, asi nhasi nyika mutungamiriri tichitarisa kugadzirwa mumaindasitiri dzakawanda.

Industrial okurima zvaidiwa upfumi

Nokuda kwayo nzvimbo uye nomupfumi deposits mari, Australia ane zvakawanda sectors akafukidzwa, zvose maindasitiri uye zvokurima mabasa. Pane kuva kuchiita Engineering, kudhinda, Whitehead Textile, mafuta achinatsa, simbi uye mamwe maindasitiri. Panyaya iyi, kugadzira indasitiri mu Australia anonzi imwe zvemberi munyika. Kutanga paminiti capita magetsi hwevanhu nyika dzose inoremekedzwa yokutanga nzvimbo.

Primary kwemauto uyewo haana kure shure, ichipa zvibereko wechipfuwo kumusika. Uyezve, kuchinja ekisipoti vagara ane pfungwa huru panotaurwa kuti nhamba akaitwa. Kazhinji, zviri okurima kugadzira, izvo guru zvemaBhaibheri kupinzwa Australia. Industries mu sectors zhinji hapana zvishoma vachishingaira unokupai mumusika nyika zvigadzirwa zvavo. Izvi zvinoratidzwa zvoupfumi okunze munyika, uye mari Kukwezva yekwataigara upfumi kuti dzimwe shamwari.

Total indasitiri unhu

Aitungamirira kwemauto munyika ndiwo indasitiri chaizvo, nokuti nzvimbo iyi inogarwa chetatu vemo. Anobudirira zvikuru kumatunhu inobereka siyana mabasa, simbi uye simbi, motokari, zvokudya, zvemakemikari, chiedza uye mamwe maindasitiri muAustralia, tisingatauri simba. On kunze kwenyika kuti bauxite uye marasha nyika pakutanga, uye romugove resimbi esimbi - yechipiri. Uyezve, makasimbiswa uye kuchera ndarama, aina unounza wandei mari mabhizimusi. About 35% kuti rokuAustralia kunze kwenyika ndivo nesimbi chikuru, mbishi zvinhu uye huni zvicherwa.

kuchera indasitiri

Zvichida ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvikamu zviri Australian upfumi. Region inosimbiswa vakawanda mhando chicherwa pfuma, kushandiswa izvo akabvumira hurumende kuva rimwe remasangano padombo munyika. Kunyanya, Australian indasitiri mugodhi rinonyatsotarira pokumuka yamabwe pamwe bauxite, opals, mangoda uye kutungamirira. Coal kuchera iri kuitwa, manganese uye nesimbi mhangura. Mukuwedzera, anobviswa zingi, sirivha, tini, nickel, tungsten, titanium nedzimwe simbi. Ndicho kushandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu kwakaita nyika kuumba simba uye metallurgia indasitiri. Izvi, Sezvineiwo, inoshandawo dzimwe sectors hwenyika yose Australia. munharaunda yacho rusununguko kubva kupinzwa zvikuru hwezvekukurukurirana pokumuka sectors matsva tichiregeredza yavo iripo mbishi zvinhu.

energetics

Hwaro simba zvinogona kuitwa nehurumende ndiyo marasha - black uye shava. Dambudziko chete kwemauto iri kushaya nourongwa negasi uye mafuta. Sezvo maindasitiri mazhinji Australia indasitiri zvinoda kushandiswa zviwanikwa izvi, vamwe mabhizimisi vari kusvitsa ne kupinzwa. Mafuta Makambani mumakore achangopfuura yekudyidzana vakawedzera bhuku kugadzirwa. Asi zvizhinji zviripo simba miti chakaita kuti TESy kuti vanomhanya pamusoro marasha. Metallurgical mabhizimisi uye kukura yokufambisa network zvinopa munhu ano kwezvivako simba zvinomera, izvo anowedzera kunyatsoshanda yavo.

Kana kuchera indasitiri mu Australia ndiro andinenge uye akazvimirira (kanenge pamusoro kupinzwa), yazvino simba, tichiona kwesayenzi features, zvinoda dzichifura chinoonekwa chemunhu nezvinhu. Hydropower reserves mishoma, asi kuti kugona kwavo kupa mashoma zvakakwana. Hydroelectric zvirimwa simba Anonyanyowanika riri pachitsuwa Tasmania uye inonzi Australian Alps.

Engineering uye mushonga indasitiri

Transport michini anganzi kuzvikudza nharaunda. The Kudeuka motokari nzvimbo dziri muna Adelaide, Melbourne uye Perth. Kugadzirwa zvokushandisa njanji kwezvivako rinoitwa muSydney uye Newcastle uye shipyards dziri muna Davenport uye Brisbane. Zvisinei, mashoko yakaoma miganhu weboka kugadzirwa haina kuchengetwa. Agricultural michini ndiyewo nheyo, pasina iro haikwanise kuita kwenguva refu, Australia. Industry, kuti bhizimisi kunyanya iri kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kunyika. Himpredpriyatiya zvakare kusimbiswa kumaodzanyemba chikamu kondinendi. Mafekitari kubereka acid, zvinoputika, fetiraiza nokuda zvokurima, chakaita zvokugadzirwa Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti uye epurasitiki makore.

chikafu kugadzira indasitiri

Zvokudya indasitiri chimwe chikuru sectors upfumi basa, nechinangwa Australia. Specialization indasitiri, sezvo dzatoona, hwakasungirirwa kuti dzokubudisa pamusoro yakatsvuka zvinhu uye mugodhi pfuma pamwe kwavo kugadzira. Asi kugadzirwa chikafu kunokudziridzwa zvakakwana. Izvi ndizvo zvinonyanya ichokwadi dheri uye dheri-canning miti, asi pane dzimwe mhando dzose bhizimisi zhinji.

On kumusika nyika kutarisana fekitari kushandisa doro, kurongedza dzimba, nyama-chiputiriso, furawa nezvimwe kugadzirwa, ishandiswe iyo yaipiwa pamwe yose Australia. Industry zvokudya zvekutepfenyura kare Inoziva uye akananga maindasitiri, kusanganisira fodya kugadzira machira. Kuwedzera pakupa dzakawanda kubvunzurudza, kuti fekitari rinofukidza uye kunze kwenyika. Ndosaka Australia rwuripowo mazita makurusa zvokurima bhizimisi okurima zvigadzirwa, pamwe Canada uye Brazil.

Agriculture Australia

Agricultural basa nyika siyana uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Pano zvakafanana yakatanga zvakanaka mhuka minda, chirimwa firimu, waini nokugadzira nezvimwe maindasitiri. Munguva yose musika of Agriculture sectors zhinji, apo inoremekedzwa nzvimbo yokutanga Australia. Agriculture uye maindasitiri, nemhaka pedyo kubatana, akabvumira nyika kuva mutungamiri iri kugadzirwa dzemakwai. Mukuwedzera, matunhu uye bhuku vazvo mukaka uye nechipo zvigadzirwa, shuga, nyama nemiriwo. In South Australia, raibudirira horticulture uye nekurima. nyika unodiridzwa kutipawo goho nedonje, fodya uye shuga sengere zvakanaka.

mhedziso

Australia akabata zvakasimba aitungamirira chinzvimbo pamisika pose kuti maindasitiri uye zvirimwa. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoita kuti izvi, asi pane nematambudziko zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, kurima mune dzimwe kondinendi risafambira mberi kwemvura uye murombo hwevhu, asi ndiko chete chikamu matambudziko munzvimbo ino, Australia. The Indasitiri anewo matambudziko ayo, asi kuunzwa michina mitsva uye optimized kushandiswa kupinza mbishi zvinhu kubatsira hurumende kutsigira kukura okuwana zvakawanda. Pasinei zvose nezvinetso, nharaunda anoramba mudanga inogarwa nzvimbo iri mazita vaitungamirira maindasitiri uye zvokurima nyika. Zvinobatsira izvi uye yokufudza upfumi, pasina pazviri pasingabviri chokuchengeta bhizimisi uye zvokurima, izvo zvikurukuru yainge maindasitiri (tichitarisa mari).