Ngatiyeukei izvo zvaiverehwa: pfupiso pfupi yeHondo neRunyararo naLobert Tolstoy

Munyika mabhuku kune maitiro ekugadzira, kana mavaverenga, hamuzokanganwi masimba avo uye kushanduka uye kutendeuka kwemaitiro emakore akawanda ari kuuya. Uye musangano unotevera navo nguva dzose inoonekwa seyokutanga. Nokuti basa rega rega rekudhiridza rinogara rakakosha, rinonakidza, idzva. "Hondo nerunyararo" yaVaRoma Leo Tolstoy yeRoma ndiyo inonyatsojekesa izvi.

Musoro, pfungwa, genre

Sezvo zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kunzwisisa chidimbu, "Hondo neRunyararo" ibasa iro munyori, mumashoko ake pachake, aida pfungwa yevanhu. Tolstoy aida kuratidza kuti, kana iri dambudziko, matambudziko anotyisa nyika yose, vanhu vake vakanakisisa, vagari venyika uye vanyoro, vanobatwa nekunzwa kwenyika maamai, vanonzwa uye vanoziva kubatana kwakakwana kwekuguma kwavo uye kuguma kweBabaland. Uye kunyange zvazvo ma heroes aLev Nikolayevich ari vanhu vakanaka, marisi eMoscow neSt. Petersburg, vazhinji vavo, mushure mekureba, kutsvaga kunorwadza, vanozviwana ivo, nzvimbo yavo yehupenyu, kunyanya pakati pevanhu. Nokudaro, ndiani asina kuverenga basa rose, kunyange muchidimbu muchidimbu che "Hondo nerugare" chichabatsira kunzwisisa kuti musoro mukuru wepikisi ndeye kubatana kwevanhu vose veRussia muHondo yePatriotic ya1812. Uye iyo musoro wehurukuro chiratidzo chekutsvaga chinangwa chehupenyu hwevanyori vanofarira zvikuru, mararamiro avo asina kunaka kusvika kumatenga ekunamata, rudo uye mufaro.

Rudzi rwemakumbo mana runofadza. Vatsvakurudzi-vatsoropodzi vezvinyorwa vanorondedzera seyano-epic. Uye muchidimbu "Hondo neRunyararo" zvinoratidza kubvuma kwetsanangudzo yakadaro. Iyi inove yeruzivo, nokuti mabhuku ehuwandu akawandisa, nhamba huru yevanhu vanobatanidzwa , pane zvakawanda zvakanyatsogadziriswa nhoroondo, kune dzakawanda nguva dzakanyanyisa nyaya, hurukuro yakakosha yenguva iyo, kuratidzwa kwemasimba ekuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwehuzhinji hwemasimba makuru uye hwechipiri, kuvapo kwevanhu chaivo vezvakaitika kare uye vanhu vanofungidzira. Kutaura zvazviri, munhoroondo yake Tolstoy akapa ruzivo rwakanyanya rwepfungwa uye rwezvemifananidzo yevose vehurumende yeRussia, kutanga naMambo Alexander uye kuguma nevashambadzi veSerf kubva munzvimbo ye Rostov kana Bolkonsk.

Nhoroondo iyi ndeyekuti chikuru, chinonyanya kukosha chebasa chiitiko chakakosha mumamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose sevanhu vose, nokuda kwenyika yose uye kune mumwe nomumwe arimo - Napoleon inopinda uye kurwisana nayo. Kurwisana kwekuti hondo isiri yakasimuka chete, kwete chete kukudzwa semudziviriri mukuru weiyo iripo, asiwo vanhu, avo vaiti vashandi veSerf vakamanikidzwa nehurumende.

Zvechokwadi, chidimbu "Hondo neRunyararo" haigoni kuisa uye kuratidza upfumi hwose, huwandu hwese hwemunyori wezvakanyorwa, tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwevarwi vake vanofarira. Mumuganhu wakaoma kudaro, tinogona kutaura pamusoro pavo chete mumashoko ose. Uye, zvakadaro zvakadaro ...

Chirongwa uye heroes

Pakati pekucherechedza komunyori uye nhoroondo yedu ndiyo nhoroondo yemhuri nhatu dzakanaka - Bezuchovs, Bolkonskikhs, Rostovs. Muchikamu chedu chiduku che "Hondo neRunyararo" tichaisa nyaya pamusoro pechimwe chavo - Pierre.

Bezukhov - vanokudzwa veRussia vanokudzwa. Vapfuma uye vanokosha kwazvo kwavari, Prince Cyril, kufa, anosiya zvose zvinoshamisa kune vana vake vasiri mvumo - Pierre, jaya, ane simba, anovimbika, asina kudzidza, akadzidziswa kune dzimwe nyika uye akatorwa ikoko seditious revolutionary ideas. Akange asina nguva yekuve munyengeri, sevamwe munyika huru. Mubasa rose hero iyi ichaita zvikanganiso zvakawanda, kunzwisisa kwakanyanya kuchauya kwaari. Anoziva kusava nekutengesa murudo, kusarura kuri muushamwari, kuora mwoyo mukutsvaga kwetsika, kune muridzi wemabasa. Zvisinei, tsika dzakachena dzaPaul, chido chechokwadi chekuva akanaka, kuunza zvakanaka kune vanhu, chido chechido asi chinopinza, chinonyanya kukosha, chichabatsira hero kuti azviwanire, kuti aonekwe sechiedza chakajeka chevanhu uye semunhu akanaka wemhuri. "Hondo uye Rugare" mune zvinyorwa zvishoma zvinokubvumira kurangarira zvikamu zvakakosha zvikuru muupenyu hwake:

• Kusvika muRussia, nhaka isingatarisirwi, kusanangurwa kwake muchikwata chepamusoro chinotenderera sePetro Kirillovich Bezukhov, kusakwanisa kusiyanisa zvigadzirwa zvenyika, zvinyorwa kubva kune chokwadi nekuvimbika;
• Rudo rwe "mutumbi akapfuma" Helen Kuragina, kuroorana nemudzimai uyu akanyangadza uye anonyengera;
• A duel naDolokhov, kushamiswa kubva pakuti iye aifanira kusimudza ruoko rwake kumunhu. Tsanangudzo nemudzimai wake, njere, kuora mwoyo mumhuri, vakadzi, pachake. Kusangana naBazedeev uye chido cheMasununguko;
• Kutanga ku Freemasons, rwendo rwokuenda kumativi avo ezasi, kuedza kugadzirisa kurongeka uye fiasco yakakwana;
• Musangano naChristine Andrew, kukurukurirana naye, kusanganisira hurukuro inokosha pamutambo;
• Kukurukurirana neRostovs, naNatasha, mufaro weAndrei uye kuzvidemba kuti iyi haisi yake yekupedzisira;
• Kudzoka kwemashoko aNatasha kuna Prince Andrew, kunyatsonzwira tsitsi kwekutambudzika kwake nekureurura kusingatarisirwi kworudo. Kusangana neRefet, iyo yaifananidzira hondo kwemakore gumi nemaviri;
• Kubatanidzwa mumhirizhonga yeMoscow, kurota kuuraya Napoleon;
• Kutapwa, kutyisa kwechirwere chekufa;
• Kuzvidzivirira pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaPlato Karataev, achizviziva sechibage chejecha muhupenyu husingaperi hwehupenyu, mweya waro usingafi, usingagoni kuiswa mumaketani;
• Hupenyu hunofadza, hwakabatana naNatasha uye kubatanidzwa mukuzvarwa kweDemembrist movement muRussia.

Mune dzimwe nzira, nekukura kwake pakunamata, unhu hukuru, Pierre ane chikwereti kuna Andrei Bolkonsky, shamwari uye mutungamiri, munhu anokosha zvikuru akatsigira uye akarayira hero pane nzira dzekupedzisira. Uye Natasha Rostov, uyo akajekesa hupenyu hwaPaul nerudo rwechokwadi, akazovawo iye rubatsiro rwemweya hwaakazove zvaakazova.