Lyman Frank Baum: biography, zvisikwa. Mabhuku pamusoro penyika Oz

Ndiani asingazivi nyaya yeVolkov pamusoro pemusikana Ellie, uyo akauya kunyika yeMagic? Asi havasi vose vanoziva kuti, chaizvoizvo, basa raVolkov nderokudzorera kusununguka kweThe Wonderful Wizard yeOz, rakanyorwa naLyman Frank Baum. Mukuwedzera pane iyi nyaya, Baum vakazvipira mamwe mabasa gumi nematatu kubasa rose reOz, pamwezve, mamwe, akaenzana nemafungiro ezvinyorwa zvevana akabuda zvakare pasi pepeni rake.

Baum Lyman Frank: biography yemakore ekutanga

Frank akaberekwa muna May 1856 mumhuri yeCoper yeguta duku reAmerica muTittenango. Nemhaka yematambudziko emwoyo mucheche, vanachiremba vakafanotaura upenyu hupfupi kwaari - makore 3-4, asi, kumunhu wose akashamisika, mukomana wacho akazosiya hama dzake dzose nehanzvadzi dzake.

Nguva pfupi mushure mokuberekwa kwaFrank, baba vake vakave vapfumi uye vakakwanisa kupa vana vavo mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekukura. Vese vana Vana Baum vakapfuurira purazi remhuri, apo vadzidzisi vega voga vakashanda naye.

Pakutanga akavhara mumabhuku, Baum nokukurumidza akaverenga mabhuku ose makuru ababa vake, izvo zvakakonzera kuzvikudza kwake. Vanyori vanofarira vaBaum vaiva Dickens naThackeray.

Muna 1868, mukomana wacho akatumirwa kuuto rechiuto muPikskill. Ichokwadi, Frank akakurudzira vabereki vake kuti vamutore kumba.

Pane imwe nguva mukomana akagamuchira mhando duku yekudhinda yakagadzirirwa kusunungurwa kwemapepanhau sechipo kubva kuna baba vake nokuda kwekuzvarwa kwake. Vose pamwechete nehanzvadzi yake, vakatanga kubudisa pepanhau remhuri. Pepanhau remusha reBaumov rakabudiswa kwete zvinyorwa zvehupenyu hwemhuri, asi zvakare nyaya dzekutanga dzakanyorwa naFrank.

Kubvira pazera remakore gumi nemanomwe, munyori ave achifarira zvikuru philately uye akaedza kuparidzira magazini yake yakazvipira munyaya iyi. Gare gare akashanda semutungamiri webhuku. Chikumbiro chake chaitevera chaive chikafu chezvikwata zvakadzika. Baum akazvipira bhuku kune iyi nyaya - yakabudiswa, kunyange apo mukomana akatendeuka makumi maviri. Zvisinei, gare gare akazorora kumapiki uye akatakurwa nemitambo.

Upenyu hwehupenyu hwaBaum

Mushure mekunge imwe nguva nemitambo inofamba-famba, Lyman Frank Baum akasangana naVaMaris vakanaka mumakore makumi maviri nemashanu, uye gore gare vakaroorana. Vabereki vaFrank vaaida vakanga vasina kufarira mukwambo wekurota, asi pfuma yababa vake yakaita kuti vabvumirane nemuchato uyu.

Frank naMaud vaiva nevanakomana vana, avo vaBaum vaida zvikuru uye kazhinji vaitaura nhau vasati vambofunga nezvebasa rake. Nokufamba kwenguva, akatanga kutora zvinyorwa, uye pasina nguva akabudisa-saka akatanga basa rekunyora Bhauma.

Basa rakabudirira semunyori

Mushure mokubudirira kwebhuku revana vekutanga makore mashoma gare gare Baum akanyora sequel, "Baba vaGoose: Bhuku Rake." Zvisinei, achitarisa kuti vana vake vanokura sei, akaziva kuti zvakanga zvakafanira kunyora nhau yevana vakwegura, avo vakanga vasingachafariri kuverenga pamusoro pezviitiko zvehase mujeri rezvipfuwo. Saka pakanga pane urongwa hwokunyora pamusoro pemusikana Dorothy, uyo akazove ari munharaunda yenyika yeOz.

Muna 1900, chiedza chakabuda chekutanga chekufamba-famba kwenyika yeOz. Basa iri rakabva rawana mukurumbira, uye makumi ezviuru zvevana akatanga kuverenga zvinonakidza zvaDorothy. Pakuzorora kwekubudirira, munyori akabudisa nhau pamusoro peSanta Claus, uye makore maviri gare gare - kuenderera kwayo. Zvisinei, vaverengi vose vaitarisira bhuku idzva pamusoro penyika yezvinyorwa kubva kwaari, uye muna 1904 imwe nyanzvi yenhau ye "Nyika yeOz" yakabuda.

Makore ekupedzisira eBauma

Kuedza kubva kure nenyaya ye Oz, Baum akanyora dzimwe nhoroondo, asi vakanga vasingafariri vadzidzisi. Gare gare, munyori wacho akachinja zvachose kunyora mabhuku pamusoro penyika yemashiripiti. Pakazara, Baum akazvipira mabhuku ane gumi nemana kwaari, ayo maviri ekupedzisira ayo akabudiswa mushure mekufa kwemunyori akafira muna 1919 kubva pamatambudziko emwoyo. Zvakanakira kuti mhirizhonga yeOz yakanga yakakurumbira zvokuti kunyange mushure mekufa kwemuumbi wayo, vamwe vanyori vakatanga kushambadzira zvakanyanya. Zvechokwadi, vakanga vari pasi pepakutanga.

Summary of "The Amazing Wizard of Oz"

Iyo heroine yakanyanya yezvinyorwa zvakakurumbira zvikuru uye mamwe mabhuku akawanda ehupenyu hwaiva nherera Dorothy (Volkov akamutumidza zita rokuti Ellie). Mubhuku rokutanga, musikana ane mbwa akatendeka Toto anotakura dutu guru kuna Oz. Kuedza kudzokera kumusha, pakusimudzirwa sorceress ane mutsa, Dorothy anotungamirira kuEmerald City kuna Oza anoitonga. Ari munzira, musikana muduku anotanga ushamwari neScarecrow, Tin Woodman uye Cowardly Lion. Vose vanoda chinhu kubva kune wizard, uye anovimbisa kuzadzisa zvikumbiro zvavo kana shamwari dzichiponesa nyika kubva kune muroyi akaipa. Sezvo wakakunda matambudziko mazhinji, hero imwe neimwe inowana zvaanoda.

Nyaya yenyaya yacho "Nyika inoshamisa yeOz"

Muchipiri chechipiri, munhu mukuru ndiye mushumiri wechiroyi chakaipa Mombi Tip. Rimwe zuva mukomana anomhanya kubva kwaari, achitora pamwe naye hupfu hwemashiripiti hunogona kufema hupenyu kune zvinhu zvisiri zvisikwa. Sezvo asvika muguta reEmerald, anobatsira Scarecrow kutiza kubva ikoko, sezvo guta rinotorwa neuto revarwi vane chikwata nevanotaura vachitungamirirwa naGinger. Vose varikumbira rubatsiro kubva kuTin Woodman uye Glinda (muroyi akanaka). Icho chinopera kuti vanoda kuwana mutongi wechokwadi weguta-rakaparara Princess Ozma. Nenguva inoshanduka iyo Rudzi rweOzma, ruchidzurwa naMombi witch. Kudzokera kumeso echokwadi, mhandara neshamwari dzake vanowanazve simba.

Chirongwa che "Ozma kubva kuOz", "Dorothy uye Wizard muOz", "Enda kuOz", uye "Emerald City of Oz"

Musikana muduku Dorothy anoonekwa zvakare mubhuku rechitatu. Pano iye, pamwe chete nehuku, Billina, iri muMagic Country. Musikana anotya anodzidza nyaya inotyisa yemhuri yeumambo Yves. Achiedza kuvabatsira, akangofa akarasikirwa musoro wake. Zvisinei, pakusangana naChristine Ozma (uyo akauya kuzobatsira mhuri yeumambo pamwe neScarecrow naTin Woodman), Dorothy anokwanisa kubvisa kutuka kubva kumhuri yaYves ndokudzokera kumba.

MuBhuku rechina, zvichienderana nekudengenyeka kwenyika, Dorothy, pamwe nemunun'una wake Jeb uye bhiza rakaputsika, Jim anoendeswa kunyika yemashiripiti yemirazi. Ikoko vanosangana ne wizard Oz uye kate Eureka. Kuti ubudise munyika ino isingadi nyika, heroes inofanira kukurira zvakawanda. Rwendo runoguma zvakare muOz, apo musikana ari kumirira shamwari dzakanaka dzekare dzinobatsira iye neshamwari dzake kudzokera kumusha.

Mubhuku rechishanu remakatevedzana, Princess Ozma aiva nezuva rekuberekwa, umo ainyanya kuda kuona Dorothy. Kuti aite izvi, akavhiringidza migwagwa yose, uye musikana wacho, achiratidza nzira yekuenda kutsika yakatumidzwa ainzi Shaggy, iye pachake akarasikirwa nenzira yake uye mushure mekufamba-famba kwezvinhu zvakawanda uye zvaaida kusvika kuna Oz kusvika kuOzma.

Mutsamba yechitanhatu yekutenderera "Nyika Oz" nekuda kwezvinetso papurazi, mhuri yeDorothy inoenda kunogara munyika yeMagic. Zvisinei, guta reEmerald riri mumatambudziko - riri kuedza kutora mambo akaipa, ari kuvaka chivande pasi pevhu.

Mamwe ose e nyaya pamusoro peMichawi Nyika yeBaum

Baum inoda kupedzisa epic "Emerald City of Oz". Akabva aedza kunyorera nhau dzevamwe mavhesi. Asi vaverengi vaduku vaida kuramba vachiita zvinyorwa zvevanofarira. Mukupedzisira, pakusimbirira kwevaverengi nevaparidzi, Baum yakaramba ichienderera mberi. Mumakore anotevera, mamwe matanhatu nhamba inobudiswa: "Shangu kubva kuOz", "Tik-Tok kubva kuOz", "Scarecrow kubva kuOz", "Rinkitink kubva kuOz", "Missing Princess yaOz", "Iron Tin Woodman kubva kunyika Oz. " Mushure mekufa komunyori, vagari venhaka vake vakabudiswa zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zviviri zvezvenyika yeOz: "The Magic of Oz" uye "Glinda kubva kuOz".

Mune mabhuku akawanda ekupedzisira, munyori akanga aneta nehurukuro iyi, asi vaverengi vaduku vanobva kumativi ose enyika vakamubvunza pamusoro penyaya itsva, uye munyori aisagona kuvaramba. Zvinoshamisa kuti kunyange nhasi vamwe vana vanyorera tsamba kumunyori, pasinei nokuti Lyman Frank Baum akafa kare kare.

Mabhuku pamusoro paSanta Claus

Kunyangwe nyika iri mukurumbira uye zita zita rokuti Baum rakagamuchirwa nekusingaperi kusingaperi pamusoro penyika yeOz, akanyora nezvimwe nyaya. Saka, mushure mokubudirira kweWonderful Wizard yeOz, munyori akanyora nhau yakanaka yeKrisimusi "The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus". Mariri akaudza nezvekuguma kwemukomana akanaka, akakurirwa neshumbakadzi uye nymph Nekil, kuti sei uye nei akazova Santa Claus uye kuti akawana sei kusafa.

Iyi nyaya inozivikanwa zvikuru nevana. Sezviri pachena, nyaya yakawanda yeBaum pamusoro peSanta Claus yakanga yava pedyo kupfuura nyika yeOz, uye munguva pfupi yakabudisa bhuku rinonzi "Stolen Santa Claus". Mariri, anotaura pamusoro pevadzivisi veKlaus uye kuedza kwavo kuputsa Krisimasi. Gare gare sangano rebhuku rino raiwanzoshandiswa mafirimu akawanda.

Nokuda kwehupenyu hwake hurefu kwenguva refu akanyora mabhuku anopfuura makumi maviri nemanomwe Lyman Frank Baum. Aya mabhuku akaonekwa nenzira dzakasiyana nevanhu. Kunyanya mukurumbira kwakamuunza iye chaizvo nyaya. Uye kunyange zvazvo munyori akaedza kakawanda kunyora pane dzimwe nyaya, uye akabudirira kwazvo, kune vaverengi vake, iye acharamba ari munyori wenhau weOz nokusingaperi.