"451 degrees Fahrenheit": kuongorora. "451 degrees Fahrenheit", Ray Bradbury: bhuku rinoongorora

Sayenzi yenhema ndeyemhando yakasiyana yemabhuku yakatanga muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe. Yakanga iri kukurumidza kufambira mberi kweukama hwakakonzera mazano akawanda anofadza mumafungiro evanofunga panguva iyoyo.

Chii chakaitwa nevanyori vezvesayenzi, pamusoro pei, pfungwa dzipi dzavaida kutitaurira? Chokutanga pane zvose, vakasika nyika dzinoshamisa dzehupenyu huri nani, umo vanhu vose vane mutsa, uye uswa huri kuibva, uye chipfeko chakange chapfuura kupfuura mhepo yezuva.

Kunyanya kujeka uye yakanaka utopia yakasikwa nehama dzeStrugatsky. Mumabasa avo vakatsanangura Nyika inoshamisa yeNonon - hupenyu hwehupenyu hwedu mumakore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri. Inenge isina mari yehutano hwemari, uye kushanda kuitira rubatsiro rwevanhu zvakashanda basa dzvene revanhu vose.

Nenguva imwe chete, American Ray Bradbury akanyora "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Bhuku racho rakasiyana zvikuru nemabasa asina kuitwa eSoviet science fiction. Iyi inozi is anti-utopia, ichiratidza rutivi rwakasiyana rwevatengi vevanhu: tsika yekuparara kwevanhu uye utsinye hwehutano maererano nevanhu vanopesana.

Ngatitangei rwendo rwokuenda kune nyika isingashandisisiki yeruzivo "451 degrees Fahrenheit"! Kuongorora, firimu uye maitirwo maviri emitambo yakabva mubhuku - verenga zvakawanda pamusoro peizvi.

Ray Bradbury ndeye mukurumbira wezvinyorwa zveAmerican science fiction

Uyu munhu anogona kutendwa kuti ndeyevanyori vakuru vemhando yake, pamwe naDhaniel Kiese naRobert Shackley.

Bradbury akararama makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri, ayo akanyora pamusoro pemabhuku mazana masere: nhepffupi, nhoroondo uye zvinyorwa. Basa rake rekunyora rinotaura nezvekufungidzira kwakanakisisa, ruzivo rwoupenyu hwakawanda uye husingaperi.

Kune vanhu vazhinji, muAmerican sainzi munyori wenhema anoziva mabhuku maviri: "451 degrees Fahrenheit" uye "Dandelion Wine". Basa rechipiri ibhuku rehupenyu hwemunhu anotaura nezvehutano hwehuduku. Yakapfuma mukutsanangurwa kwakanaka kwehupenyu uye hupenyu hwevanhu vari muguta duku reAmerica.

Basa rekuverenga-rakawanda kupfuura rose remuunyori ndiro "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Kuongorora kwebasa iri kunoratidzwa pasi apa. Iine pfungwa dzakawanda dzinofadza.

Bhuku rakaita kuti munyori ainzi aive 451 degrees Fahrenheit. Kuongorora kwevanhu vanoverenga basa iri vanotaura ivo pachavo. Mumwe munhu anoziva nhau, mumwe munhu anoita seanopesana nevanhu. Asi kusava nehanya nebasa iri harisiyi chero ani zvake.

"451 degrees Fahrenheit": tsanangudzo

Zviitiko zvinowanikwa munguva yemberi iri pedyo munyika yekwavo yeBradbury - muUnited States of America.

Munyori anoratidza hutongi hutongi hunotungamirirwa nevatengi vanofunga, uye hutsika hutsika hunenge hwakatsinhanisa zvachose mabhuku anoita kuti iwe ufunge. Uyezve, hurumende inobatsira kuparadza mabasa ekunyora.

Upenyu hwevanhuwo zvavo hunongorongedza basa chete uye zororo, hapana kungoita imwe nguva mabasa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mabasa ezvezororo anosanganisira kutarisa TV kana kutyaira kumativi eguta pamotokari dzemotokari. Kubva munzira iyi yehupenyu, vanhu vanobva vadzika zvishoma, vanovharika, vanorega kudanana, havana vana ...

Asi pane vashoma ve "vamwe" (vapikisi) vasina kugamuchira mitemo yemutambo uye vanovanza kubva kuzviremera, vachiramba vachizvichengeta ivo pachavo.

Ray Bradbury anoratidza kuti chero munhu upi zvake anogona kuchinja, chido chete chinokosha. Guy Montag, iyo protagonist yebhuku, muenzaniso mutsva weizvi: kubva pakusangana kwegomba muhurongwa, anoshanduka kuva munhu akazara, uye zvinokonzera izvi zvinoshamisa mamiriro ezvinhu ...

Basic Characters

Ndivanaani magamba akajeka zvikuru? "451 degrees Fahrenheit" izere nounhu hunofadza, tinonyora huru:

• Guy Montag ndiye munhu mukuru, mudzidzi wemoto. Muenzaniso wakajeka wekuti munhu chero upi zvake anogona kuchinja kana ari panguva yakakodzera munzvimbo yakakodzera.
• Mildred ndiye mudzimai we protagonist. Akabatwa nehupfumi hwehurumende - kutarisa TV kune mazuva ekupedzisira.
• Clarissa McLellan muvakidzani wemudzimai weMontague, anoremekedzwa, anoramba. Akarambidzwa chitendero chekushandisa. Aida zvakasikwa, aifarira kuverenga mabhuku.
• Brandmaster Beattie ndiye mutongi ane utsinye weMontag.
• Imbwa yegetsi irobhoti yesimbi isina simba, ruoko rworudyi rwevapfuri vemoto. Saizvozvowo akaiswa mujeri nekunhuwira kwevanhu, zvinokonzera mhuka kutyisa.
• Faber munhu akachenjera, akadzidzisa mabhuku kuna Guy Montagu mukoroji.

Yaiva vanhu vakanyanyoita iyo inoverengeka "451 degrees Fahrenheit" yakaisvonaka. Kuongorora pamusoro pavo vanoedza kuzvienzanisa, kuverenga nyaya pfupi.

Chirongwa chemaveli asati afa kwaClarissa

Ngatitangei rwendo runonakidza kuburikidza nemapeji ebhuku rinonzi "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Tsanangudzo yenyaya yacho ichave yakajeka sezvinobvira. Tichaedza kusapotsa nguva dzinofadza zvikuru.

Sei munyori wacho akasarudza kudana bhuku rake nenzira iyi? Ichokwadi ndechokuti 451 degrees Fahrenheit ndiyo inopisa iyo pepa inotanga kupisa. Basa rinoremekedzwa zvikuru ndiro moto. Hondo huru yekurwisana neuttopia - Guy Montag - ndiye mumiririri akasimba webasa iri: Anopisa mabhuku nguva dzose uye haaoni chero chakaipa nacho.

Pane imwe nguva Guy anodzokera kumusha mushure mekushanda kwezuva rakabatikana uye anosangana nemusikana muduku asingazivikanwi. Anoshanduka kuva Clarissa - waanogara naye pamba.

Pakati pavo, kukurukurirana kunotanga pamusoro pehupenyu ... Vanopinda nepakati pekukurumidza kumashizha emvura, Clarissa anoti anofarira kufamba oga usiku uye kubudisa kunhuwa kwakasiyana-siyana, dzimwe nguva kunyange kumirira zuva kuti ribude. Nokuda kweizvi, babamunini vake vanomutuka, vachimudana, asi haana hanya, nokuti rudo rwezvisikwa rune simba nguva dzose kupfuura kukanganisa kwemumwe munhu. Uyewo, Clarissa anoverenga, pasinei nekurambidza zvakanyanya kuvaridzirwa.

Izvi zvisingaiti zvinokonzera kupesana pfungwa muMontag: anoshamiswa nekusatya kwake uye mafungiro ehurongwa. Iko protagonist inonzwa kuti haasi kufanana nevamwe vose - haasi kunyanya kunetseka pamusoro pemapenzi eTV, iye anotya kutyaira nekutsvaga nemitambo yemitambo isingaoneki. Asi iyo inofungidzira kufungidzira, ine zvirangariro zvenyama zvehupenyu hwehupenyu uye hukumbira Montagu mubvunzo wakamuchinja: "Unofara here?" Anonyatsofungisisa pamusoro peizvi uye anotanga kunzwisisa nyika iri kune imwe nzira.

Achiratidzira kubasa, Montag inoshamisika vamwe vaanoshanda navo nekutanga kwekunzwisisa. Anokwanisawo kutora mabhuku akawanda kuti averenge. Mazuva maviri gare gare, Clarissa anofa: anorohwa neimwe yejet motokari inofamba nekukurumidza.

Mushure mekufa kwaClarissa

Guy anotora nguva yezororo, haachadi kupisa mabhuku. Hunhu hunonyanya kuratidza zvinoreva hupenyu hwake ...

Panguva ino Beatty anouya kwaari. Mukuru anoona kuchinja kwakaitika neMontag. Anodzidzisa kwaari kuti vanhu vose vanofanira kufanana semadonhwe maviri emvura. MaBhuku, zvisinei, anokonzera kusava nechokwadi, saka vanofanirwa kuiswa pamoto. Asi Montag yatochinja, haafariri mazwi aBetty.

Iyo nyanzvi inotaurira mudzimai wake kuti anochengeta mabhuku pamba. Anonyatsonzwisisa zvaanoita. Ipapo Montag inowana Fauber - mudzidzisi wake akachenjera wemabhuku mukoroji. Murume akwegura anoteerera kumuteerera uye anopa mazano okuchengeta mabhuku. Uyewo, muvambi anopa shamwari yake mutevedzeri muduku, kuburikidza kwavanogona kutaurirana ari kure.

Kudzokera kumusha, gamba rinosangana nevashanyi - shamwari dzomudzimai wake. Montag inosununguka kubva pamabatiro avo ebenzi uye inoshamisa - inodzidza ndima dzakadanidzira. Vakadzi vanoshamiswa vanopararira kumisha yavo uye vanoisa protagonist yemapurisa - vanotaura nezvekuwanikwa kwebhuku rake rakarambidzwa.

Montag inenge isingaoneki inosvika kushanda, iyo inosangana na Beatty ane flamethrower. Vanoenda kuimba huru yegamba: bhosi rinotyisa rinorayira Montagu kupisa mabhuku. Pane kudaro, munhu mukuru unouraya mukuru wehurumende yemoto uye imbwa yegetsi.

Pashure pezvose zvakaitika, Montag anosarudza kutiza muguta racho. Anoenda kumaruwa, anoshambira parutivi rwizi ndokuwana boka re vagabond-freethinkers. Iye zvino vari boka rimwechete!

Mangwanani akatevera vashanduki vakadzingirira vakafamba parwendo rwavo ... Vakapfuurira mberi nechekubva muguta. Freethinkers vakapukunyuka, mumwe nomumwe wavo akatakura mumusoro wake chinhu chinokosha chezivo uye chido chikuru chekuchinja nyika kuti ive nani.

Zvakakosha kudzokorora

Tinozviwana zvinonakidza kudzokorora kubva pane inoverengeka "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Zvinyorwa zvemunhu mukuru uye mudzidzisi wake anotiudza nezvemabhuku anobatsira muupenyu hwevanhu.

"Zvese zvaunotsvaka, Montag, zviripo munyika, asi munhu asina mano anogona kuona zana chete nemaziso ake, uye imwe makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe anodzidza kuburikidza nebhuku." Uyu mutsara ndeweiye akachenjera Faber, mudzidzisi weMontag.

Maonero ehurumende kubasa raBradbury

Zvinopesana nemafungiro evatsoropodzi zvakaita kuti inove "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Munyori uyu aive aine rusununguko kuburikidza nehuduku hwake: akarondedzera zvakanyatsorurama uye noushingi nzira dziri kuitika muAmerican society.

Muna 1967, bhuku rekutanga rebhuku revadzidzi vepakati nepasekondari rakaitwa. Asi nemashoko mashomanana: anenge makumi manomwe nemashanu zvakataurwa nemunyori akashandurwa, vazhinji vezvinyorwa zvevanyori vaidanana zvakashandurwa nemashandisirwo. Aya mazwi haatambudzi kana akashandurwa, asi anonyatsojekesa chinangwa chezvinoitika. Uyewo, vatori vakasarudza kubvisa zvidimbu zviviri zvemashoko pamusoro pekutsoropodza kubvisa pamuviri.

MuSoviet Union muna 1956, makopi okutanga ebhuku rinonzi "451 degrees Fahrenheit" akanga atengeswa. Kuongorora kwaiva kwakasiyana kwazvo: kubva kune chido kusvika kune zvakaipa zvakanyanya. Pasinei nemafungiro evatsoropodzi, bhuku iri muUSSR rakanga risina kurambidzwa.

"451 degrees Fahrenheit": kudzokorora kwefirimu

Nhoroondo yacho yakaita kuti pave nekusununguka pakati pevanhu vanovaka. Kare muna 1966 mifananidzo "451 degrees Fahrenheit" yakabudiswa. Iyo firimu yakawanda kwazvo pasi pebhuku, asi nokuda kwekufarira, zvakakosha kuona.

Mutungamiriri ndiye Francois Truffaut. Basa ra Guy Montag rinoita Oscar Werner, Clarissa anotamba Julie Christie. Uyu mutambikadzi ane unyanzvi asingazivikanwi, anozivikanwa nebasa raLaura muHollywood kugadziriswa kwe "Doctor Zhivago." Asi mufananidzo webenzi haana kumukodzera. Yakagara ichizivikanwa kuti mabasa evanhu vasinganzwisisiki nevasina maturo anonyanya kupiwa kune vanhu vakafanana muupenyu.

Uyewo mumutambo mamwe mazviri akachinjwa. Maererano nebasa rebasa racho kwakanga kusina ukama hwepakati pakati paClarissa naGuy, vakanga vari shamwari dzakanaka, uye pakati pebhuku heroine inowanzoshungurudza.

Mumufirimu, musikana anoramba ari mupenyu. Mifananidzo yekupedzisira ndiyo kubatanidza kubviswa kwevanhu vanyori vari mumaruwa, kwavanobatana neboka revashori.

Kuteerera kwakabhadharwa kuna Faber - anyanzvi, anofungidzira uye munhu chaiye vagabond, akazvipira kune tsika dzake.

Ndinoda kutarisira kuti mumwe mutungamiri anokwanisa haazoregi "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Iyi firimu ichaita kuti iwedzere kutendwa uye iri pedyo nehuwandu hwebhuku racho. Izvi zvingava chipo chikuru kune vose vanoda mafungiro uye zvisikwa Ray Bradbury.

Kufungisisa mune unyanzvi

Zvinotyisa, maererano nehutano hwekurwisa utopia, kwete kungoita "451 degrees Fahrenheit", asiwo ballet inogadzirwa. Basa rakadaro rinokakavadzana rakaunza chido chechokwadi chekushanda pazviri kubva pamitambo yakasiyana-siyana yemitambo: kubva kuBallet choreographers kusvika kune vatungamiri vepakati.

Ballet yemazuva ano mumabasa maviri

Choreographer Snezhana Zdor, pamwe chete neboka reKrasnoyarsk Opera neBallet Theatre, vakasika bhanhire rakanaka uye rezvemaviri rinowanikwa mumabhuku "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Izvo maitiro akafanana - an anti-utopia, pfungwa ndeyokuti munhu anorota pamusoro penyika inotyisidzira yenguva yemberi, yakafanana neyo faira yebhuku racho.

Nyika ye gloss, bhaubles uye kubwinya zvinoshamisa. Vatambi vanovhiringidza kumimhanzi nenzira yezera idzva ... Maitiro uye zvechitendero zvinangwa zvezvifananidzo zvakasarudzwa uye mavhidhiyo anosiya pasina munhu asina hanya.

Mukurwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya ose, pane kuchinja mukuzivikanwa kwaGuy Montague - hazvina musoro kune zviitiko zvinenge zvichiitika. Anoshandisa maitiro emukati uye anosarudza nzira yeanopikisa.

Mutori wenhau, uyo anoita basa raClarissa, anonyatsokodzera mufananidzo uyu musikana akacheneswa ane maziso anobwinya uye kutaura kusingazivikanwi.

Vatsoropodzi havana kusiya kusava nechinangwa chevatungamiri (Snezhany Zdor naGrigory Oksanych - munyori wezvakanakisisa zvakagadziriswa) -kubatanidza chiitiko chinonakidza nemimhanzi yerudzi kuti uite ballet "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Kuongorora kwevateereri kunoratidza kuti pfungwa yacho yakaruramisa.

Performance

Izvo zvinyorwa zvekubudiswa kwebhuku iyi yakaitika muna 2007 pamwe nekubatana pamwe kweFrench neRussia. Adolf Shapiro anobva Et Et Cetera Theatre akakoka mushanyi weRussia Boris Zaborov kuti vabatane. Chibereko chekushanda kwavo chaive chiitiko chinoshamisa pane zvinyorwa zvebhuku "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Zvinyorwa zvishoma zvichishandurwa, asi unhu hwekugadzirwa hahuna hunovhiringidzwa.

Shapiro anonyanya kuzivikanwa uye haana chokwadi, saka anotenda kuti izvo zvakanyorwa mubhuku zvakatoitika. Izvo zvakazoita zvinonakidza zvikuru: mutsotsi, nhau yorudo uye ... ray ra tariro. Akaita basa revatambi vakakurumbira, kunyanya French.

Nzira dzinofadza pamusoro penyaya inozivikanwa

1. Munguva yeSoviet pane vasungwa vaiziva nemoyo mabhuku akawanda aidiwa, kusanganisira inoverengeka "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Mitsara kubva kwaari yakazozivikanwa nehama dzavo neshamwari. Avo, ivowo, vakaramba vachiparadzira bhuku raidiwa pakati pevanozivana navo, pasinei nekuongororwa kwakashata kwevamwe vanotsoropodza nezvazvo.

2. "451 degrees Fahrenheit" - nhau yakafuridzira vanhu vazhinji vakasika. Somuenzaniso, muna 2002, firimu "Equilibrium" yakafuridzirwa mumhando yekurwisa utopia. Russia rock band Aria yakabudisa Symphony of Fire. Nyaya yacho inotora mibvunzo yakakurwa munharaunda yeBradbury.

3. Munyori akadhinda bhuku rake rakanakisa pane imwe nyanzvi yekudhinda, yakakodzwa kubva muraibhurari yemunharaunda.

4. Bradbury akave akafananidzira muzwi rakanaka remashoko aya: kusati kwatanga kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, akaratidza zvakajeka. Semuenzaniso, redhiyo "shell" uye 3D teknolojia (mapepa eTV muzvivako uye zviduku zviduku zvinotakura).

5. Nhamba yekutanga yevhidhiyo "451 degrees Fahrenheit" yakaitwa mumagazini "Playboy".

6. Kusvikira zuva ranhasi, anti-Utopia Bradbury isimboti chisingataurikiki. Vanhu vanoenderera mberi kuverenga inoverengeka, kurukurirai iyo paforamu uye pikota pamikana yose. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti chikonzero chebhuku racho chakakosha kusvikira nhasi. Iyi tsika ndeyekusimbisa kwekuti vanhu havana kurasikirwa nekwanisi yavo yekuratidza, kurangarira nekuratidzira kwehukama hwakanaka hwemweya.

Basa "451 degrees Fahrenheit" nderimwe remhando dzakanakisisa mumhando ye dystopia. Ichava chinonakidza kune munhu wezera chero ripi zvaro, nokuti anotaura mumutauro wakajeka pamusoro pezvinhu zvakaoma: pamusoro pekusangana kwevanhu uye kushandurwa kwemunhu kumunhu.