Autism chakarondedzera vana. Autism chakarondedzera zvirwere

Autistic chakarondedzera - boka zvirwere inozivikanwa vachiberekwa kusagadzikana evanhu mukukurukurirana. Zvinosuruvarisa zvirwere izvi kakawanda vari chirwere muvana. Muchiitiko chino, zvinokosha kuti tizive kuvapo dambudziko iri nguva, nekuti nokukurumidza mwana vachagamuchira zvakafanira rubatsiro, chichavawo chikuru mukana akabudirira kururamiswa.

Autistic chakarondedzera: chii?

The chirwere kuti "autism" zvino pamiromo wose. Asi haasi munhu wose anonzwisisa kuti rinoreva uye chii kutarisira kubva mwana autistic. Autism chakarondedzera Zvirwere vari dzinoratidzwa dhefisiti evanhu nekuita, nematambudziko kuonana nevamwe vanhu, kukwana kuita kana kukurukurirana, dzisina kufarira uye propensity kuti pfungwa (yokudzokorora. zviito, zvirongwa).

Maererano nenhamba wakadaro nyonganyonga kukanganisa anenge 2% vana. Panguva iyoyowo vasikana nechirwere autism ndiyo 4 nguva shoma. Mumakore makumi maviri adarika, zviitiko kutyorwa zvakadaro yakawedzera zvinooneka, kunyange zviri kujeka kana zvokurwara chaizvoizvo kuramba vachiwanda kana kuwedzera chokuita nokuchinja chirwere nzira (makore mashoma apfuura vari varwere autism vanowanzokoshesa dzimwe diagnoses, akadai "schizophrenia").

The zvinokonzera autism chakarondedzera zvirwere

Zvinosuruvarisa Kugadzirwa autism chakarondedzera, chinokonzera ayo uye mukanyiwa mamwe mashoko zvevakomana kuramba kujeka. Masayendisiti vakakwanisa kuziva zvinoverengeka pangozi, kunyange mufananidzo chose mashandiro ose zvokurwara asi.

• Pane chinhu yedzinza. Maererano nenhamba, pakati pehama mwana autism vane zvinenge 3-6% vanhu vane imwe nyonganyonga. Izvi zvinogona vanonzi zvinyoronyoro zviratidzo autism, akadai stereotyped maitiro, zvinoderedza zvemagariro yokukurukurirana zvinodiwa. Masayendisiti kunyange vakakwanisa akangotaura majini nokuda autism, kunyange zvayo kuvapo haisi 100% vimbiso kuti kukura abnormalities ari mwana. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti autistic zvinetso kuva zvakaoma pamberi siyana majini uye mawa chiito zvinhu nechitarisiko kana zvemukati ezvinhu.
• Zvikonzero anosanganisira STRUCTURAL uye dzichipfekeka pfungwa zvirwere. Kuburikidza tsvakurudzo takazoziva kuti vana vane chirwere akadaro kakawanda akachinjwa kana kwakaderedza frontal lobes pakati cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, medial rwepanyama akafukidza. Zviri zvikamu izvi tsinga anokonzera kuteerera, nokutaura, manzwiro (zvikurukuru, imwe pfungwa nezvinoita basa evanhu chiito), vachifunga, kudzidza okufunga.
• Zvave zvichinzi kuti rinowanzoberekera pamwe pamuviri matambudziko. Somuenzaniso, pane kwave kukundikana nemavhairasi muviri (gwirikwiti, rubella), zvikuru toxaemia, eclampsia nezvimwe pathologies achiperekedzwa hypoxia uye fetus makemikari pfungwa maronda. Ukuwo, chinhu ichi hachisi yezvisikwa - Vana vazhinji pashure zvikuru nepamuviri uye pakusununguka kutanga zvikuru kupengereka.

Zviratidzo autism Early

Zvinoita here mangwanani rokuongorora autism? Autism chakarondedzera zvinetso zvakada kudaro kakawanda hunoonekwa mucheche. Zvisinei, vabereki vanofanira kuteerera zvimwe zviratidzo yambiro:

• Nemwana zvakaoma asimbise ziso kuonana. Haatariri muziso. Kwete, uye aida mai kana baba - mwana asingadi kuchema kana vanosiya, regai kudhonza mubato. Zvinogoneka kuti haadi anobaya, kumbundirana.
• Toddler anoda imwe chitoyi, uye pfungwa dzake kwazvo kunyura nayo.
• Pane kunonoka kutaura kukura - kusvikira 12-16 mwedzi mwana asingadi emit ari maitiro ruzha, angarega kudzokorora mamwe mashoko maduku.
• Vana vane ASD kashoma kunyemwerera.
• Vamwe vana vanoteerera nokukurumidza kuti zviwane, zvakadai inzwi kana chiedza. Izvi zvingava nokuda hypersensitivity.
• Mwana achiita zvisina kunaka kune vamwe vana, haatsvaki nhaurirano kana mitambo navo.

Pakarepo zvinofanira kutaura kuti zviratidzo izvi hazvisi Mhedziso unhu autism. Kazhinji zvangoitikawo kuti makore 2-3, vana vanokura kazhinji uye ipapo Rungadzokera Shure zvaitika, vanorasikirwa kare vawana unyanzvi. Kana pane kufungirana, zvakanakisisa kunoona chiremba - chiremba chete anogona kuita munhu akarurama kuongorora chirwere.

Zviratidzo: zvamunofanira kuteerera vabereki vavo?

Autism chakarondedzera vana vanogona unooneka nenzira dzakasiyana. Today pachena nzira dzakawanda kuti vanofanira kuva nechokwadi kuti afunge:

• The chikuru chiratidzo autism ndiyo kutyora mumagariro mukukurukurirana. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi varege kuziva non-kutukana anonongedzera, regai tinzwe mamiriro, uye regai musiyano manzwiro evamwe vanhu, zvichiita nematambudziko pakukurukurirana. Kazhinji pane matambudziko neziso kuonana. Vana ava, kunyange achikura, haaratidzi kufarira itsva vanhu havabatanidzwi mumitambo. Pasinei kutyira vabereki, mwana zvakaoma kuratidza manzwiro avo.
• matambudziko Speech vari kuuyawo. Mwana anotanga kutaura zvakawanda paya, kana hazvisi zvachose (zvichienderana mhando kutyorwa). Nomuromo autism vanowanzoda mashoko duku, kuvhiringidzika zvisazitasingwi, nguva, shoko harinzwi uye zvichingodaro. D. Vana havanzwisisi majee, kuenzanisa, tora zvose chaizvoizvo. Echolalia kunoitika.
• Autism chakarondedzera vana vanogona kuratidza uncharacteristic zviratidzo, stereotypic masangano. Panguva iyoyo zvakaoma chokubatanidza kutaura nemasaini.
• The maitiro zviri vana autism chakarondedzera nyonganyonga - yokudzokorora. mapatani yokuzvibata. Somuenzaniso, mwana anobvamburwa inoshandiswa Kurumidzai kuenda imwe nzira uye anoramba kutendeuka zviende mumwe mugwagwa, kana kuenda itsva kuchitoro. Kazhinji akaumba vanonzi "tsika" Somuenzaniso, kutanga unofanira kuisa kurudyi sock, uye chete ipapo kuruboshwe, kana iwe unofanira kutanga kukanda mune mukombe shuga, uye chete ipapo kuzadza nemvura, asi chero zvazvingava, kwete vakutarisire. Chero yakatsauka kubva zano yakabereka mwana angaperekedzwa guru kutsutsumwa, kufufutirwa nehasha, hasha.
• Mwana anogona kuva dzakabatanidzwa nechitoyi kana asiri yokunyepera pasi. Games zvinowanzotaurwa kunyimwa nyaya mwana Somuenzaniso, haana kutamba hondo pamwe nemasoja nechitoyi, kwete kuvaka nematende kuti vamadzimambo, kwete akakungurutsa michina zvose pamusoro peimba.
• Vana vane autism chakarondedzera zvirwere vangatambura hyper- kana hyposensitivities. Somuenzaniso, kune vana vari sei zvakasimba kuridza, uye, sezvo dzatoona vakuru vane chirwere chakadaro, ruzha ruzha kwete chete wavo akatya, asi kunokonzera kurwadziwa. Ndizvowo zvinogona kushanda kune kinesthetic utetsa - mwana asingadi kunzwa chando, kana ndiEzekieri, haagoni kufamba vasina shangu pauswa, sezvo kubata tyisa ake.
• Hafu yevana zvakafanana nechirwere zvinhu zvinochengetwa achidya - Ivo zvachose kudya zvimwe zvokudya (somuenzaniso, tsvuku), zvinodiwa kuti munhu dhishi.
• Zvinofungidzirwa kuti autistics nhaka imwe shasha. Mutsara uyu kwakarasika. We zvikuru dzichipfekeka autistic njere rinowanzova paavhareji kana zvishoma kupfuura dzose. Asi kana nizkofunktsionalnyh zvinetso ingangodaro kunonoka kukura. 5-10 chete% yevanhu vane chirwere chakadai vane yakakwirira chaizvo siyana njere.

Vana vane autism hadzishandi zvose zvezviratidzo izvi - mwana wose ine yakatarwa ayo zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana inosiyana zvakaoma.

Kupatsanura autistic zvirwere (Nikolskaya kupatsanura)

Kutyorwa kuri autism chakarondedzera iri kusimba siyana. Uyezve, kudzidza chirwere ichiri sohunobishairira wakateverera, uye saka pane zvakawanda classifications zvirongwa. Pakati vadzidzisi nevamwe nyanzvi yakakurumbira kupatsanura St. Nicholas, ingotora kuva nhoroondo iri kururamiswa matunhu. Autistic chakarondedzera inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata zvina:

• Boka rokutanga kunoratidzwa kupfuura yakadzama uye dzakaoma zvirwere. Vana vane chirwere chakadai havagoni kutarisira pachavo, havana chikonzero zvizere co-kushanda nevamwe. Varwere nezvaunomuitira.
• Vana rechipiri boka anogona kuonekwa pamberi kwazvo kurambidzwa nemaitiro. Chero kushanduka zano (somuenzaniso, imwe mismatch iri senguva zuva kana marongero muoti) kungakonzera kurwisa yaiparadza uye Kuvhiringidza. Mwana rakanyatsojeka akazaruka, asi zviri nyore, yakavakirwa echolalia. Vana boka iri vanokwanisa bereka unyanzvi mhuri.
• Nokuti boka rechitatu kunoratidzwa kuva kunzwisisa maitiro evana kunogona vaneshungu kwazvo pamusoro chero nyaya, achipa Rwako Encyclopedic zivo kukurukurirana. Ukuwo, kuvaka miviri-nzira nhaurirano mwana zvakaoma, uye Chidimbu ruzivo pamusoro nyika.
• The boka chechina vana kare asingatani asiri mureza, uye kunyange vaingoerekana maitiro, asi seboka vanotya uye nyara, kashoma uende kuonana uye asingauyi tanga pakubata nevamwe vana. Vanogona vanoomerwa achiita.

Asperger kuti urwere

Asperger chirwere - mufananidzo mukuru dzichipfekeka autism. kutyora Izvi zvakasiyana kubva dzekare chimiro. Somuenzaniso, mwana chipo usingashandi kunonoka pakutaura kukura. Zviri nyore kuti vana vakadaro kuenda kuonana, anogona kuchengeta kurukurirano kuenda, kunyange zvazvo anotarisa zvakawanda sezvinoita kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura. Murwere anogona kutaura kwemaawa anenge zvinhu iye kutifadza uye kumumisa nesimba zvakakwana.

Vana havana kuyeuka kutamba vezera ravo, asi somunhu mutemo, itai unconventionally. Panzira, panewo panyama nenhetemwa. vana Asperger kuti chirwere kazhinji vane zvinoshamisa uchenjeri uye ndangariro dzakanaka, kunyanya kana tiri kutaura zvinhu kutifadza navo.

Diagnostics ano

Autism chakarondedzera kunokosha chaizvo nguva rokuongorora. Nokukurumidza zvikaonekwa kuvapo abnormalities ari mwana, nokukurumidza izvozvo zvichaita kuti atange kururamiswa. Early Kupindira kukura mwana kunowedzera mukana akabudirira socialization.

Kana paine mwana apa zviratidzo vanofanira kuona mwana chiremba wepfungwa kana neuropsychiatrist. Kazhinji, vana vari kuchengetwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana: pahwaro aripo zviratidzo nyanzvi inogona kuita mhedziso pamusoro pamberi hwomwana autism chakarondedzera zvirwere. Zvakakodzera uye bvunza vamwe vanachiremba, akadai ane otolaryngologist kuongorora murwere nzeve. Eeg kuona pamberi zvipusha foci, izvo kazhinji kuuya vaviri vaviri pamwe autism. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, akarayira nemagene miedzo, uyewo simba rinonzi magnetic resonance kuri (anobvumira kudzidza uropi mamiriro, kuona pamberi namamota uye kuchinja).

Drug Mabatirwo autism

Autism hakusi amenable kuti yokurapwa kururamiswa. Drug kurapa inoratidzwa chete nyaya kana pane dzimwe zvirwere. Somuenzaniso, mune dzimwe nguva, chiremba anogona mishonga kugamuchirwa kweserotonin reuptake FIs. zvinodhaka izvi zvinoshandiswa sezvo antidepressants, asi pane zvakaitika autistic mwana anogona kubvisa wakawedzera kufunganya, kuvandudza maitiro, kuvandudza mano okudzidza. Nootropics anobatsira normalize ropa kuparadzirwa muuropi, kuvandudzwa yevasungwa.

In pamberi nepfari aishandisa zvinodhaka anticonvulsant. zvinodhaka Psychotropic anoshandiswa kana murwere ane kwazvo, chido tichibatwa yaiparadza. Zvakare, vose pamusoro zvigadzirwa riri simba chaizvo, uye mukana wokuti nenjodzi kupfuura dose chaizvo. Saka, chero zvazvingava havagoni kushandiswa pasina mvumo.

Correctional basa nevana autism chakarondedzera zvirwere

Zvokuita kana mwana wako yave chirwere autism? Correctional chirongwa vana autism chakarondedzera anoitwa nomumwe. Mwana anoda rubatsiro boka nyanzvi, zvikurukuru, namazvikokota wepfungwa, mumwe chiremba wechikadzi achindidzidzisa kutaura uye chinokosha mudzidzisi, namazvikokota chiremba wepfungwa, rinotenda ane physiotherapist (mu zvikuru nenhetemwa uye kushaya pfungwa varidzi muviri). Kururamiswa anotora nzvimbo zvishoma nezvishoma, basa iri basa. Vana vanodzidziswa kunzwa zvitarisiko uye hukuru, vakawana kuti kupindirana, kunzwa ukama, kuti vape, uye ipapo atange storyline mutambo. Vana vane autistic nyonganyonga akaratidza makirasi munzanga unyanzvi mumapoka, apo vana kudzidza kutamba pamwechete, kutevera patsika dzemunharaunda uye azobatsira mamwe maitiro mufambiro munzanga.

Chinangwa chikuru chemusha kutaura mishonga iri kugadzirwa kutaura uye phonemic kunzwa, mashoko, kurovedza muunganidzwa pfupi uye ipapo refu mitsara. Nyanzvi edza kudzidzisa mwana kusiyanisa mavara uye nemanzwiro kutaura mumwe munhu. Jacques akasandura purogiramu autism chakarondedzera zvinodiwa kindergartens uye zvikoro. Zvinosuruvarisa, kwete masangano ose rokudzidzisa (kunyanya state) anogona kupa unyanzvi nenyanzvi kushanda autistic.

Pedagogy uye dzidzo

The chikuru Basa chokuranga ndechokudzidzisa kudzidzisa mwana evanhu nekuita, kusimudzira kugona pamadiro vaingoerekana maitiro, ratidza danho. To musi, dzakakurumbira chinhu yemubatanidzwa dzidzo hurongwa, zvichireva kuti mwana autism chakarondedzera zvirwere chichange vakadzidzira ezvinhu normotipicheskih vana. Chokwadi, ichi "okusuma" zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuti vapinde mwana mukati chikwata, tinoda vadzidzisi ruzivo, uye dzimwe nguva muperekedzi (munhu ane dzidzo chaiyo uye unyanzvi kuti kuitwawo mwana kuchikoro, Rinoruramisa maitiro ayo uye monitors kudyidzana mune boka).

Kunenge kuti vana vane zvinetso zvakadaro vanoda unyanzvi mune unyanzvi kuzvikoro. Kunyange zvakadaro, pane vadzidzi autism chakarondedzera zvinetso uye nemasangano edzidzo. Zvose zvinoenderana mwana nemamiriro, nekuomarara zviratidzo, kukwanisa kwake kudzidza.

To musi, autism anoonekwa kuti chirwere chisingarapiki. Zvaifungidzirwa hazvisi zvakanaka kuti munhu wose. Vana vane havachanyatsogoni autistic chakarondedzera, asi neavhareji pamwero yenjere uye kutaura (kukura 6 years), pamwe kurovedza zvakanaka uye kururamiswa zvingabudirira vagone kuzvishandira mune ramangwana. Zvinosuruvarisa, izvi hazvirevi kuti nguva dzose kuitika.