Autotrophic zvinenge: STRUCTURAL zvinhu uye kushanda

Autotrophic zvinenge vanokwanisa vakazvimirira vaunze simba upenyu zvose zvirimo. Pavanenge vachiita transformations izvi? Ndezvipi zvinhu zviri kudiwa izvi? Ngationei.

autotrophs

Rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki "motokari" rinoreva "kuzvida" uye "trofos" - "zvokudya". Nemamwe mashoko, autotrophic zvinenge achiwana simba kubva kwemakemikari pezvakaitwa kuti kuitika mumiviri yavo. Kusiyana heterotrophs kuti zvokudya vakagadzirira chete Organic zvinhu.

Vazhinji vamiririri makemikari nyika ndezvaJehovha yechipiri boka. Animals, notumwe tupukanana mabhakitiriya akawanda vari heterotrophs. Dyarai zvinenge kubereka makemikari nyaya yavo. Nemavhairasi vari aivawo yoga umambo zvakasikwa. Asi zvose unhu zvipenyu, ivo chete kugona kubereka pachavo mhando dzavo nokuzvidzora gungano. Uyezve, kuva kunze hondo muviri, nemavhairasi vari zvachose isingakuvadzi uye regai zviratidzo upenyu.

zvirimwa

Autotrophic zvinenge zviri anonyanya muriwo. Izvi chavainyanya runoratidza. Organic zvinhu, kunyanya shuga monosaccharide, vanoumba iri nedanho photosynthesis. It unowanikwa chirimwa mumasero, mune kushandiswa organelles inonzi chloroplasts. Izvi dvumembrannye plastids ane uswa ruvara. Photosynthesis kuyerera mamiriro ndiwo pamberi chezuva, mvura uye carbon dioxide.

Musimboti photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide anopinda mitema masero Via chinokosha inotungamirwa - stomata. Zvinosanganisira ichibhabhamisa vaviri akasvinurira yokuita izvi. Therethrough uye gasi Exchange kuchiitika: carbon dioxide kuti anopinda muchitokisi, uye okisijeni kunotangira photosynthesis, - zvakatipoteredza. Kunze gasi, inova chinodiwa kuti upenyu, zvinomera vanoumba shuga. Vanoishandisa sechinhu chikafu chigadzirwa nokuda nedanho kukura.

Panguva imwe chete nedanho photosynthesis, zvinomera dzose kufema. Sezvo izvi anoshora zviviri pezvakaitwa zvingaitika panguva imwe chete? Hazvina nyore. Pfungwa afemeruke iduku zvikuru pane photosynthesis. Naizvozvo, zvinomera emit zvakawanda okisijeni pane carbon dioxide. Zvisinei, imwe nguva mune imwe kamuri achiaita yakawanda zvinomera, kufema kunova nyore. Chokwadi kuti okisijeni kuchaita kuderera uye carbon dioxide, nekusiyana, kuwedzera.

Kazhinji, photosynthetic zvinenge vane yemapuraneti kukosha. Pamusana kwavari, pane upenyu Panyika. Uye ichi hachisi rant. Handiti, upenyu hazvibviri pasina oxygen.

bakitiriya

Autotrophic zvinenge uye utachiona vari. Uye hazvisi nezvebhuruu-uswa algae, masero ane mutema ruvara chlorophyll.

Pane rinokosha boka zvipenyu - chemotroph. Achanamatira yakaoma Organic yeimwe kune nyore, izvo zvinogona nyura miti. Nokuparadzwa kwemakemikari zvisungo zviri dzinounzwa imwe simba rakawanda kuti chemotroph inoshandiswa zvokurarama nazvo zvavo. Izvi zvinosanganisira senitrogen-kutara, simbi uye nesarufa utachiona. Somuenzaniso, zvinenge izvi oxidize amoniya kuti nitrite - munyu pamusoro nitric acid, mumwe sarufa remubatanidzwa - kuti munyu pamusoro sulfuric acid, sulfates.

Asi kakawanda kuwanikwa pakati utachiona mhando heterotrophic zvipenyu - saprotrophs. Nokuti simba vari kushandisa zvasara zvipenyu akafa kana vavo metabolic zvinhu. Izvi Mabhakitiriya putrefaction uye chinovira.

Interesting ndechokuti zvakasikwa hakuna zvinhu kuti utachiona asingagoni rwakakamukana.

Autotrophic zvinenge havasi vanokwanisa rokuumba Organic yeimwe nguva dzose. Kakawanda iri hunhu mararamiro zvipenyu zvinosiyana. Zvadaro, azvaiitwa kuva hazviiti. Autotrophs mubishi yemhindumupindu dzakashandisa ichi kwavowo. Somuenzaniso, chimwe-celled mhuka euglena mutema panguva vanoshorwa nguva inokwanisa kudyika Organic zvinhu. Uye kana nderemagariro vari normalized, izvozvo anodzokera photosynthesis. Utachiona yakadaro inonzi mixotrophy.

Autotrophic zvinenge basa rinokosha zvakasikwa, kupa mamiriro ezvinhu nokuvapo mimwe umambo zvakasikwa.