Avant-gardinism muzana remakore rechi20 kuvegura: vamiririri, mienzaniso

Kutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri kwakaratidzwa nezviitiko zvakawanda zvezviitiko zvakakura: hupfumi uye mapeji ezvematongerwe enyika enyika, sayenzi nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvaive zvichichinja. Art haana kuramba ari kure: mberi-gardism mukupenda, cinema nemabhuku zvakashandura pfungwa chaiyo yezvakanaka uye maonero evanhu pamusoro pacho. Mitsva mitsva yave yashandurwa chaiye, iyo inoramba iine simba rayo panyika kunyange ikozvino.

Chii chinonzi mineard?

Muzana remakore ramakumi maviri remakore, mamwe maitiro ekuongorora akaoneka nemafungiro matsva mundima yehudhi. Zita ravo raive ndiro izwi rokuti "avant-garde", mumutauro chaiwo kubva kuFrance, zvinoreva "shumba yakakwirira." Iyi pfungwa itsva yakanga yakasiyana nedzidzo uye yakaramba ichitsika tsika dzemazuva ano. Vamiririri ve-avant-garde mukupenda vaitenda kuti mhedziso ndiyo iyo nzira yekugadzira, uye kwete chigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Murume akatendeuka kuva chinhu chishandiso. Avant-gardenism muzana rezana remakore rechi20 rinogona kugoverwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana: futurism, surrealism, abstract art, pop art, dadaism uye op-art. Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemazuva iwayo ndezvekuparadzanisa kwemafomu uye zvinoreva zvekunamata, rusununguko rusununguko rwokutaura mukubatana nesayenzi, kuongororwa kunosvika pakuita.

Emergence uye kukura

Nhungamiro mutsva yava chibereko chekusaziva kwakagadzirwa nekusawirirana kwezvakanaka zvezvakanaka uye zvinoreva zvemuMweya zvinowanikwa mariri. Unyanzvi hwemhizha, hwakaderedzwa kuongororwa - ndiyo iyo inosiyanisa mberi-gardism mukupenda. Vanyori vakaita maitiro anonyadzisa uye vakasika zvisina zvazvinobatsira pakuona zvishandiso, kusimbisa pfungwa huru dzezvino. Kusvikira kuderera, chiitiko chacho chakachengetedza kusava nechomukati, izvo zvinoita kuti mutaridzi ave dambudziko - richakwanise kuparadzanisa chokwadi kubva pamagariro ekufungidzira here? Muzvino maitiro avant-garde iye zvino uye anoedza kudzokera kumitambo yekare, zvichida kuchinja zvinoreva chirevo chepakutanga.

Vamiririri vakasiyana

Mufananisi wekufananidza mberi-garde Duchamp akazivisa chigadzirwa chake chigadziko chakanaka, akaiswa pachigadziko. Andy Warhol akasika zvinyorwa kubva kumata. Muzviito zvakadai, zvinotaridzika kuti mberi-gardyasi yakasiyana sei nekupenda uye kuvezwa kubva kuzvino-zvinokosha-chekutanga chekuita zvekutonga nekunyengedza, kusaregerera chikoro uye matambudziko, kushandisa nzira dzakanakisisa dzekuseka vanotsoropodzi vakadzidza uye kwetewo tsika dzakasununguka.

Fauvist boka

Imwe yemitemo inonakidza iyo yakaratidza kusati kwasara mumapurisa yaiva Fauvism. Boka revateveri rakapikisana neImpressionists uye chido chekuwana maitiro ezvisikwa. Chimiro cheFauvists ndechokushandiswa kwemashoko anonyanya kushandiswa, kukanganisa kwetsika. Vhidhiyo vakapikisa bourgeois tastes uye salon art, vachigadzira nyaya dzakakosha. Vamiririri vanosanganisira masters akadaro saRaoul Dufy naMarche. Iyo yekupedzisira mumabasa ake yakabva kuFauvism kusvika kuRealism - mumutsara "Notre Dame Cathedral" akakwanisa kunyatsobudisa mumvuri wemvura yeSeine, zvinyorwa zvekuvakwa kwechechi yepamusoro uye kunhuhwa kwemhepo, kugadzirisa zvinyorwa zvayo. Vanyori Vlamin, Freese uye Muchato vakaramba kurondedzera kune chokwadi, Andre Derain akashandisa primitivistic zvirongwa. Zvakaipa, mifananidzo yakajeka yakasikwa naGeorges Rouault. Pasinei nehuwandu hwekubatana, vaFauvists vakanga vasipo kwenguva yakareba sangano uye vakakurumidza kuputsa.

Henri Matisse

Mukadzi wechiFrench, nokusingaperi akabatanidzwa munhau yehudhi, akazova mumwe wevatenzi vaikosha avo vakaisa mberi-gardin mukupenda. Mifananidzo yaMatisse inoratidzira pfungwa yake yekusika yekubudiswa kwemavara uye simba pamigero. Akatenda kuti kupera muzviitiko zvakawanda kwakafanana nemimhanzi inomiririrwa nemanomwe chete, uye akaedza kuratidza muhupenyu hwake kubva pane zvaakaona.

Mukutanga kwemazana makumi maviri nematatu Matisse akatakurwa nemifananidzo yeAfrica, maitiro ekugadzira chiArabic uye maJotcuts maJapan, ayo akazviratidzawo mubasa rake. Mifananidzo ye tenzi inozivikanwa nemumvuri wakaoma: yakadzika bhuruu, emerald, yakafuma yellow. Mabasa anozivikanwa zvikuru anosanganisira kuvezwa:

• "Dhani", yakasikwa pasi pemafungiro emwaka weRussia weDaaghilev muParis neGreek vase painting.
• "Mimhanzi" nemufananidzo wekuimba uye kutamba pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhando.
• "Ihove tsvuku" ine simba guru remavara uye yakagadziriswa planari yekuvakwa kwechifananidzo nekurambwa kwemaonero nekudzika.
• "Snail", rimwe remabasa ekupedzisira, rakagadzirwa kubva muzvidimbu zvepepa, rakambove rakanyorwa muvaraidzo yakarurama.

Abstractionist Kandinsky

Iyo yakajeka kupfuura yose yeRussia avant-garde yokupenda inomiririrwa nemuiti uyu. Kandinsky akafamba zvikuru uye akafuridzirwa zvose muRussian Middle Ages uye mumutauro weFrance. Nzvimbo dzaro dzakagadzirwa nehutano husina kukwana uye mutambo wematoni nemitsetse, iyo yakazonyatsotsiva basa rake nemifananidzo chaiye. Mamwe emifananidzo yake yakafuridzirwa nemafungiro echiRussia - semuenzaniso, "Vakadzi mumaginolin" kana "Variegated upenyu". Mune nguva mushure mekuvandudzwa, muongorori akaumba mutsara wakajeka we "Small Worlds", umo maitiro ake ekushandisa aesthetics ye Suprematism pamwe nekushongedza kwakanaka kwakaratidzwa. Muna 1922, Kandinsky akakokwa kuti adzidzise kuBauhaus. Mumakore ose aya, muongorori akaedza maitiro anopfuura kamwechete uye akawana migumisiro inoshamisa mune abstractionism: maonesheni ake akaitwa muEurope yose, uye mabasa ezvinyorwa akabudirira pasi rose, achitsanangura zvakadzama pfungwa dzaive mberi-gardin inotora mufananidzo. Mienzaniso yemabasa kubva panguva iyo inosanganisira "Chigadzirwa 8" uye "Point uye Line pane Ndege".