Nhoroondo shoma ye Rembrandt nebasa rake

Biography ye Rembrandt inosuruvarisa. Muenzi wacho akafa muurombo, asi asati atadza hama dzake dzose. Mifananidzo yake yakanga isina kukosha munguva yehupenyu hwake, uye vadzidzi vake vakamutengesa munguva yakaoma zvikuru. Asi miedzo haina kuputsa munyori mukuru, simba remweya wake rakanga rakakura zvikuru zvokuti aigona kuseka kuzvishungurudza kwake, uye kunyange pamusoro pekufa pachako.

Century of Rembrandt

Muzana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe Holland Holland yaiva imwe yenyika dzakapfuma muEurope. MuAmsterdam, yakashambadza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kubva kumativi ose enyika. Bhengi nevatengesi vaida kuona mabasa aizoratidza hupenyu hwavo sezvazviri chaizvo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kupora kwaive kwakakurumbira uye kwakagadzirwa nemhando yehudhi. Munhu wese airemekedza chiDutch aidavira kuti mufananidzo wacho unofanira kunge uripo mumba make. Uye zvakanga zviri mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuti kuburitsa ruzivo rweRumbrandt rwakatanga.

Dutch artists

Vamwe vatenzi vakanyora mifananidzo, vamwe - vachiri vapenyu, chechitatu yakanyatsopiwa mavara emhando. Wechichina akasarudza kuratidza chimiro. Zvisinei, ivo vose vakaedza kuratidzira chokwadi chechokwadi uye pasina kunyengedza. Asi, zvisinei nokuti ruzivo rwevanyori veDutch vaiva, Rembrandt akapfuura zvose.

Vanhu vakadaro vanozvarwa kamwechete muzana remakore, uye kunyange zvishoma. Kunyoresa uye vanhu vairarama mukubata kwake, asi maari mune zvisikwa zvose. Sezvisina mumwe, Rembrandt aikwanisa kuziva nyika yepanyika yevanhu uye zvakaoma zvakaitika kwaari. Bhuku shomanana remudzidzisi uyu rinoratidzwa nhasi mune zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, uye mushure mekuverenga, unoshamisika kuti munhu uyu aigona sei kugadzira matanho ake, apo paaifanira kuvamanikidza kuti avape pasina, uye vanun'una vake vakamutuka vachimuti "muhedheni mukupenda". Zvechokwadi, muenzi wezvokwadi anogadzira kunyange kana mabwe akakandwa paari.

Wakazvipa mifananidzo

Akanga asina kumbokomberedzwa nevanoyemura. Hapana mudetembi akaimba iyo munguva yehupenyu hwake. Uyu muvepi haana kukokwa kumhemberero yepamutemo, uye mumazuva emhemberero huru, zvakare, akakanganwa. Zvisinei, haana kutsamwa. Kanozivikanwa kambani inodiwa yaRembrandt yakaitwa nevatengesi, vatengesi, varimi uye vashandi. Vanhuwo zvavo vakanga vari pedyo zvikuru naye. Nzvimbo yaidiwa yeanyanzvi yaiva imwe yechiteshi zucchini, apo vafambisi vezvikepe, vatambi vanofamba-famba uye vaduku vashoma vakanga vachitsvaga. Ikoko akagara kwemaawa akawanda, achitarisa uye achiita mifananidzo. Munyika yeunyanzvi, iyo haisi chinhu kunze kwekuratidzwa kwakakosha kwechokwadi, ichionekwa chete nevasanangurwa, Rembrandt akararama hupenyu hwake hwose. Iyo biography, iyo inopfupikisa chete zvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru kubva muupenyu, inoratidzwa pasi apa. Zvisinei, kuitira kuti uwane ruzivo runoshamisa rwehutano huno, munhu anofanira kuona mabasa. Mushure mezvose, hupenyu hwemunyori hunoendeswa kumifananidzo yake.

Kuberekwa kweunyanzvi

Muna 1606, mumhuri yemuDutch aive akapfuma ainzi Kharmens, mwanakomana akaberekwa uyo akava mwana wechitanhatu. Vakamutumidza kuti Rembrandt. Iyo kero yakanga iri pedo neguta reRhinine, uye nekuda kwezita remhuri yese yakawedzerwa kuVan Rijn. Zita rakazara reimwe yemifananidzo mikuru mukudhindwa kwepasi ndeye Rembrandt Harmens Van Rijn.

Nhoroondo shomanana yemunhu uyu inogona kurondedzerwa mumashoko mashomanana: basa rinoenderera mberi nekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga. Pamwe yaiva tarenda yakamuponesa. Muhupenyu hwemuenzi pane zvaive nekurasikirwa kwakanyanya uye kuora mwoyo kwokuti, zvichida, kungoita unyanzvi kunogona kutiponesa kubva pakuora mwoyo. Asi tisati tatendeuka kune zviitiko zvinotambudza muupenyu hwake, tinofanira kutaura mazwi mashomanana pamusoro penguva iyo yakaratidzwa kubudirira uye kusati kwamboitika mukugadzirisa. Zvakakosha kubhadhara mutero kumagumo emudzidzisi mukuru. Rembrandt van Rijn akanga asiri oga oga uye asina kufara.

Brief biography

Semwana, Rembrandt akadzidza chiLatini uye mamwe masayenzi anokosha. Vabereki havana kuisa padzidzo yemwanakomana wavo anodiwa, nokuti vairota kuti aizova mukuru wehurumende kana scientists anozivikanwa. Zvisinei, chido chekudhira, icho mumakore ekutanga chakazviratidza mumifananidzo yakaisvonaka, gare gare, ikozvino muhuduku, akatungamirira Rembrandt kune studio yeimwe yevanoridzi vemunharaunda. Ikoko akadzidza kwemwedzi mitanhatu chete, ndokubva avhura zvake.

Vadzidzisi vaRembrandt vairarama panguva imwechete uye vanyori vekare. Akaziva nzira yekuveza uye kuveza, akadzidza unyanzvi hweItaly pamakopi. Rimwe remifananidzo yekutanga - "Chidzidzo chemaitiro eTulp." Isu tinogona kutaura kuti yakanga iri kubva munharaunda iyi iyo nzira yekuzvimirira yekuzvimirira yakatanga naRembrandt munyori. Bhuku rake rinotaura kuti makore mashomanana apera mushure mekupedzisira kwekudzidzira mufananidzo muhupenyu hwake zvaingova zviitiko zvinofadza chete.

Sachsia

Pakati makumi maviri nemashanu munyori wacho akatamira kune guru, uye makore matatu gare gare akaroorwa nemwanasikana we meya. Zita romusikana uyu raiva Sachsia. Uye akazova nyanzvi yekutsvaga ye tenzi. Mufananidzo wemudzimai wake hauna kufanana nemusikana anozivikanwa ane rudo rukuru.

Mhuri inofara yakabatana nekusimudzirwa kwekusika - Rembrandt akatanga kutambira mahomwe akabhadhara zvakanyanya kubva kuvanhu vakapfuma. Uye panguva imwecheteyo akava nevakadzi vakawanda. Muenzi wacho akazogona kutenga imba yake. Rembrandt van Rijn, vane mazita mashoma anotsanangurwa ari munyaya yacho, kwete chete akanyora zvakawanda, asiwo akaremekedza tarenda yevamwe masters. Akanga achibatanidza kuunganidza, kuunganidza zvinyorwa zvechokwadi zvePezhiya, mabhomba, vases uye mabhasi antique. Musha wake mutsva pane nzvimbo yakakwana yekishopu, yemakamuri okurarama, uye yekamuri yakakosha apo mabasa aRafafa, Durer naMantegna akachengetwa.

Nokudaro wakatanga basa rake, Rembrandt, ane biography shomanana inosanganisira nguva imwe chete yekucherechedza uye kubudirira, kureva, kuma1930. Panguva ino, munyori wacho akanyora zvinopfuura makumi matanhatu portraits. Mukurumbira wavo ndeye Danae. Mune nguva yebasa pamufananidzo uyu muvepi aive pazenzi ye mukurumbira.

Asi kamwe kamwe zvinhu zvose zvakachinja: vana vatatu vakafa, mukadzi anodikamwa akapfuura. Pasina nguva akarasikirwa naamai vake nehanzvadzi. Rembrandt akasara ari oga nemwanakomana wake muduku. Upenyu hwakapa mapfupa, ayo asina kupera kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva ake.

Urombo

Mumakore makumi mashanu ekuraira kwakava zvishoma nezvishoma. Vanhu vakapfuma vakanga vasingachadi mavara ake. Mumakereke, mifananidzo yakanga isiriwo. Izvi zvakatsanangurwa nekuti chiPurotesitendi chakanga chichikunda muHolland, avo vamiririri avo vainyanya kutarisa kushandiswa kwezvinangwa zvechitendero mune zvekuona.

Mukuwedzera, zvikwereti zvisina kubhadhara zvakazviita ivo pachavo. Rembrandt akaiswa mutongi wepamutemo. Akanzi yakasvibiswa, uye nzvimbo yose yakatengeswa. Asi kunyange mushure meizvi, havasi vose vatengi vakagutsikana, uye dare rinotonga kuti mifananidzo, iyo ichazogadzirwa munguva yemberi, inofanirawo kuenda kune yekubhadhara kwezvikwereti zvakasara. Zvose izvi zvaireva kuvapo kwekusava nekunetseka.

Muvepi, uyo munguva yakapfuura aiziva mukurumbira uye hupfumi, akazoshanduka ari oga, akakanganwa nemurume wese murombo, pazera remakore makumi mashanu. Kunyange zvazvo akange achiri kunyora zvakawanda, asi zvese zvake zvakavezwa zvakabva zvabviswa nevatengi. Consolation yaiva mudzimai wechipiri, uyo Rembrandt aingova muwanano yehurumende, iyo yakanga isingazivikanwi zvikuru nevevanhu. Zvisinei, kuroora mukadzi uyu nokuda kwake kwaireva kurasikirwa kuchengetedzwa kwemwanakomana wake.

Nokudaro kwakatanga nguva itsva yakaoma, iyo Rembrandt Harmens Van Rijn, zvisinei, vakashinga vakashandura noushingi. Nhoroondo yemufananidzo kubva panguva ino ine zvakawanda zvekushungurudzika, uye kunyange dai pane nguva dzekujekesa, ipapo kwenguva yakati, zvakare zvakare pane imwe njodzi.

Hendrikje

Mufananidzo wemudzimai wake wechipiri unoratidzwawo pamakumbo emunyori anozivikanwa. Akanga ari akaderera kune wekutanga kuburikidza nehuduku hwake uye runako, asi muenzi wacho akamutarisa nemeso erudo uye akaratidzwa norudo rwakanyanya. Asi kereke yakabuda nekutongwa kwemararamiro ake, uye mwanasikana, uyo mukadzi wechipiri akapa Rembrandt, akaudzwa kuti haasi mutemo. Dambudziko rakakonzera mhuri yemupezi kutamira kune imwe yezvakakosha zvikuru muAmsterdam.

Rembrandt, ane biography ane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinosuruvarisa, akadzidza rudo rwechokwadi. Uye Hendrikje akanga asiri mudzimai ane hanya uye ane rudo, asiwo akaparadzaniswa nemutsa unoshamisa. Uyu mukadzi akakwanisa kutora amai vake nemwanakomana waRembrandt kubva kumuchato wake wokutanga.

Nokuti nguva yakakwanisa kururamisa mamiriro emari. Mumufananidzo uyu akabatsira mwanakomana, uyo, pamwechete naamai vake vokurera, akazarura dare rekare. Asi njodzi yakaramba ichingowanikwa muenzi. Muna 1663, akarasika mudiwa wake Hendrikya Rembrandt.

Biography uye mabhuku akazvipira kuhupenyu hwetenzi mukuru, anorondedzera kuti muhupenyu hwake pane imwe muse muse. Uyu mukadzi akanga ari muduku zvikuru kupfuura Rembrandt, asi munyori wake asina kunaka akararama.

Mwanakomana akafa makore mashanu mushure mekufa kwaHendrikje. NeRbrbrt kwaive nemwanasikana chete, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga ane gumi nemana. Asi, pasinei nezvose, mufananidzo wacho haana kumira ipapo uye haana kudonha maoko ake. Akaramba achinyora pikicha, kutema mifananidzo ...

Muna 1669 mucheri mukuru akafira pamaoko omwanasikana wake. Akasiya akanyarara uye asingazvioni. Uye tarenda yake yakaongororwa chete mushure mekufa kwake.

Creativity

Biography of Rembrandt - hupenyu hwemhondi. Basa rake ndiro musimboti weDutch painting. Tenzi uyu, zvisinei, akave akasurukirwa zvikuru pakati pevamwe vaanyanzvi. Vanhu venguva yake havana kumuziva. Asi simba guru pamabasa eDutch mufananidzo aive unyanzvi hweBaroque, uye pamusoro pebasa rose raMichelangelo.

Uyu munyori akanyora zvaakaona nemaziso ake muupenyu chaihwo. Nhoroondo Rembrandt inoti hupenyu hwake hwakanga hwakaita kuti ave nemukana wekuona nyika yakapoteredza pasina kunyengedza. Akaendesa chiitiko chinosuruvarisa chekufungisisa kusvika kune chando. Asi nzira yaakaita nayo yaiva nhetembo dzisingawanzoitiki. Panzvimbo dzezvikwata zveVan Rijn, dhizha rinotonga nguva dzose. Chiedza chegoridhe chinyoro chinoparadzanisa zvifananidzo kubva mazviri.

Biblical motifs

Nzvimbo inokosha mubasa remudhiki weDutch waiva nechitendero. Yakanga iri pano iyo akaratidza kutanga kwounyanzvi hwake. Chinyorwa chikuru chekufemerwa munzira yose yekusika ye Rembrandt yaiva nyaya dzebhaibheri. Kunyangwe apo mifananidzo yezvidzidzo zvechitendero yakanga isisipo pakudzingwa, akazvinyora nokuda kwake, nokuti akanzwa mune izvi chisingachinjiki. Mune zvinyorwa zvakatsaurirwa munyaya iyi, akaisa mweya wake, munyengetero wake, uyewo kuverenga kwakanyanya kweEvhangeri.

Basa rezvinoitwa nemuongorori rakashamisa. Uye chinhu chekutanga chinobata ziso rako ndiyo kukwidzika kwemaitiro, kubwinya kwekupinda mukati mepasi remufananidzo wemifananidzo. Nhoroondo ye Rembrandt nemifananidzo yake inoratidzika kunge isina kubatana. Mifananidzo iri pamigwagwa ine rugare zvokuti haibatanidzi nekushungurudzika kunotyisa kwemunyori.

New genre

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, munyori wacho ainyora zvinyorwa zvake. Paunotarisa kwavari, unowana pfungwa yokuti Rembrandt akaedza kusunungura hupenyu hwake. Achivatarisa sechionioni, akatsvaka kuziva mugumo wake neurongwa hwaMwari, izvo zvakashata zvakamutungamirira kubupenyu. Zviratidzo zvake zvakange zvisati zvangova zvisizvo zvekusika. Hapana chakafanana neizvi munyika yeunyanzvi. Aya mafananidzo haafananidzi munhoroondo ye portraiture.

Ive self-portraits ndeye munhu ane chiso chemweya uyo ane simba anotsungirira miedzo yakaoma uye anokurira kusuruvara kwekurasikirwa. Rembrandt ndiye muvambi wemhando yemhando yemusikirwo-biography. Mifananidzo yakadaro hairevi kungoonekwa kwekunze chete, asiwo mugumo wemunhu, nyika yake yomukati.

Biography uye basa raRembrandt yemakumi mashanu rakanyorwa pakutanga kwezvose kuburikidza nekubudirira zvakakosha mukunyora mufananidzo. Munguva iyi yebasa rake, raive rakasiyana, sekutonga, nehukuru hunoshamisa, chivande chemafomu uye kunyarara, runyararo. Sitters kazhinji vanogara muzvigaro zvakadzika zvigaro, vachipeta mavoko avo mumakumbo uye vachitarisa zviso zvavo kumeso. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshandiswa nemufananidzo mukuru ndekugoverwa kwechiedza kune chiso uye maoko.

Sezvo mutemo, vatungamiri vaiva vanhu vakwegura, zviitiko zvehupenyu hwekare - varume vakwegura nevakadzi vekare vane chisimbiso chakadzika chepfungwa dzinosuruvara pamusoro pechiso uye kunyanya kushanda pamaoko avo. Mienzaniso yakadaro yakabvumira muenzi wacho kuratidza nenzira inoshamisa kwete chete zviratidzo zvekunze zvekukwegura, asiwo nyika yomukati yemunhu. Mumienzaniso isina kufanira inoshamisa ye Rembrandt mukuru, munhu anogona kunzwa, nekudzidza kwenguva refu, hupenyu hunorarama nemunhu. Apo tenzi akaratidza hama, shamwari, vasingazivi vanhu vekare, vapemhi vemaguta, aigona nekunyatsochenjerera kutumira kudengenyeka kwepfungwa zvishoma, kushamiswa kunofadza muchiso uye kunyange kuchinja mafungiro.

Nhaka yei tenzi uyu yakawanda. Rembrandt yakanga inoshamisa zvikuru. Akasika zvidhori mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu, zvinyorwa mazana matatu nemazana emifananidzo. Tenzi mukuru akafa muurombo. Uye shure kwekufa, kukoshesa mifananidzo, yakasikwa naRembrandt, yakakosha zvikuru.

Bhuku shomanana uye basa reDutch mufananidzo rinowanikwa munyaya ino. Asi izvi zvinopa pfungwa yakajeka yemugwagwa wakaoma weunyanzvi, iyo yakaita basa rakakosha pakuvandudzika kwenyika yakaisvonaka. Nhasi, mifananidzo yemifananidzo iri mumamyuziyamu akawanda munyika yose uye iri mumagadziro ega ega.