Ballerina Istomina Avdotya Ilinichna: Biography, mabasa uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Iye - akararama uye akararama Pushkin, mumwe yakakurumbira kutamba vachitamba nguva yake, Prima kutamba Didlo. zita rake riri kwete kuwanikwa mabasa nyanduri kukuru. Vakanga mimba, asi haana akapedzisa yokufungidzira "vachitamba Vaviri" umo kumumvuri rimwe heroines chaizvo nayo - Avdotya Ilinichna Istomina. Kuwedzera tarenda mutambi, iye nevakange zvinoshamisa norunako uye runako uye anonzi chimwe chezvinhu akanaka vakadzi St. Petersburg panguva. Sezvingatarisirwa, aiva vazhinji rose mafeni, uye pakati pavo - dzepamusorosoro vanhu umambo.

Istomina Avdotya Ilinichna: Biography

Evdokia (sezvakanyorwa mubhuku danda) akaberekerwa January 6, 1799 muSt Petersburg. About vaiva vabereki vake, pane shanduro dzakawanda, asi chinonyanya anobata munhu zvichienderana nababa vake aiva mapurisa konisitebhuru Ilya Istomin, uyo akatora kunwa uye akafa apo iye akanga ari makore 2-3. Amai vomusikana, Anisa Istomin, akafawo nokukurumidza pashure, uye ane makore matanhatu Dunya yakasiyiwa nherera. Sezvineiwo, musikana asina kutsunga ari nherera, uye vakapinda Imperial Theater School. Iye, nokuda kwayo chitarisiko, aifarira chikoro chipangamazano akatora zvizere purangazve. Zviri pano kuti Istomina Avdotya harina chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo webasa. Zvinosuruvarisa hapana haasi kunyanya kuita zvavo dzidzo vadzidzi.

kudzidza

Actor pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, hakuna akawedzera kune zvakakurumbira, saka chikoro inowanzopiwa akapindwa vana kubva zvidzidzo maduku, kana nherera, kufanana heroine nyaya yedu. Gare gare, kana iye akava muenzaniso mutambi, vazhinji kufarira mubvunzo - aiva mudzidzisi kutamba vachitamba Avdoti Istominoy? Pakutanga akadzidzisa unyanzvi Kutamba musikana ari yakakurumbira St. Petersburg Ballerina Ekaterina Sazonov. Zvakanga iye, akadzidza kuva anoshivirira, anozvibata, kuramba uye ukasarasa. Zvisinei, mudzidzisi mukuru Avdoti Istominoy, uyo akavadzidzisa unyanzvi kutamba nokuita - Ichokwadi kuti French mutambi, choreographer uye mudzidzisi Charles-Louis Didlo. Aikudzwa kubudikidza noutsinye vadzidzi vavo, zvakanga yakawandirwa chaizvo uye kunyatsoteerera, zvisinei bonde ravo uye zera.

debut

Istomina Avdotya, kufanana vakawanda vanodzidza Imperial School, vakatanga mangwanani chaizvo kuonekwa pachikuva. Nechekare pazera remakore 9 Didlo I akamutora kuti kutamba "Zephyr uye Flora", yakaratidzwa guru ibwe yemitambo. Chokwadi, rinopa mwero chaizvo basa - kuva navaranda mwarikadzi Flora - vaichengetedza mutsvene muriwo nyika. Girl waivako pamberi pevateereri chaizvo, iye ainakidzwa nenzira kasvisto uye vakatanga Hope kamwe uye ichava Prima Ballerina, uye ndichaita vanotsvakawo akanaka.

Kupinda St. Petersburg troupe

Muna 1815 Avdotya Istomin - Ballerina pamwe dhipuroma mutambo chikoro - akabatana Imperial Theater muSt Petersburg, ane troupe akatungamirira mudzidzisi wake sharezeri Didlo. Iye pakarepo akatora ake matarenda mudzidzi ari kugadzirwa "Acis uye Galatea", uye basa protagonist. Girl shure kwerekutanga zvesimba akakwezva veruzhinji. Panguva iyoyo, pakanga pasina kuzviomesera musiyano pakati chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo Genres, kutamba uye yainzi mumwe wavo uye vakanga vasina nguva kutamba mumutambo uye vaudeville zvesimba. Nokukurumidza pamusoro runako Ballerina akataura chiedza zvose Russian yepamusorosoro.

mamiriro

The Russian yemitambo yokutanga istograf Pimen Nikolaevich Arapov Asi akatsanangura Istomin: "Akanga ichitaurwa yakakwirira, chaizvo akanaka, tetepa, pamwe rima bvudzi uye maziso dzakaisvonaka kupenyerera dema, refu makobvu lashes, achipa chiso chake chinokosha hunhu. Aiva nemakumbo tsandanyama, simba, aro kufamba dzakanga chiedza uye ichiyevedza. " Akapiwa izvi zvose, hazvishamisi kuti Ballerina Avdotya Istomin, Biography chinorondedzerwa munyaya ino yakakurumbira zvikuru pakati revatongi vepamusoro. Vanoti kuti Pushkin pachake akanga asina hanya naye, uye kunyange pamarwadzo negodo ruzivo. The mores iyoyo akabvumira Unokudzwa naanamai zvakapa zvishoma ballerinas. Kwekanguva akanga ari mari iri rakakurumbira General Orlov - remangwana Decembrists. Pushkin wega negodo, akanyora epigram pamusoro pake, kutanga nemashoko okuti: "Orlov Istomina pamubhedha ...". Akaritumidza Laisa kuti dzaireva kufanana neshoko "courtesan".

Cherche the femme

Mukomana wake wokutanga akanga mudonzvo mukuru Vasiliy Vasilevich Sheremetev. Aifarira mberi ake, uye makore anenge maviri vakararama se vaviri. Zvisinei, pamwe kukura kukurumbira kwayo sechinhu kutamba mutambi, akava yakawanda uye capricious, uye nokukurumidza radonha naye uye ukauya shamwari yake yepedyo Mary Azarevichevoy. Shamwari nguva ukombwe rudo rwavo muduku venyika, uyewo admirers ane Ballerina zvikuru kukwegura. Aiva shamwari Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Griboedovym uye kamwe akabvuma kuti munyori wemitambo uye Wenyika kuuya kushanyira shamwari yake A. Zavadovsky, uyo kwekanguva aigara St. Petersburg. Pashure kushanya ichi, Istomina Avdotya kuwiriraniswa Sheremetev uye vakadzokera kwaari, asi muchiedza neguhu pedyo hwake Zavadovsky. Kana anodiwa Ballerina akabvunza tsanangudzo pamusoro runyerekupe izvi, haana kuita tuzvikonzero uye akabvuma kuti Griboyedov mumwe chibharo kwake grossest nomutowo panguva yake kushanya kumba kwake. Sheremetev Izvi aisagona kumukanganwira uye Zavadovskiy ashevedzwe kuti duel. Panguva iyoyowo shamwari yepedyo Vasily A. .Yakubovich Uye, tichifunga ose initiator A. Griboyedov, akapikisa naye imwe duel. Saka, nezuva iro kuitwa machisi maviri. Saka, muna November 1817 muna Volkov Field muSt Petersburg taifanira kurwisa mbiri mbiri. Zvisinei, asati duel Griboyedov uye Yakubovich nguva havana kuuya, nekuti Zavadovsky Sheremeteva vakauraya uye duel yechipiri zvaifanira vambomira. Kana iwe yeuka kubva kare, kuti duel pakati munyori wemitambo uye Jakubowski achiri akatora gore, asi atova Tiflis. Somugumisiro, izvozvo Griboyedov akakuvadzwa, asi kwete akafa. Zvisinei, ndiko bara vanga Yakubovicha akabvumira kuti mberi kuziva muviri vakauraya Persian nedzenyu Griboyedov.

Didlo Prima Theater

Istomina Avdotya, uyo aiva nemakore 18 chete okuberekwa, akadzidza pamusoro rufu kwake anoda, zviya kunetseka uye akanzwa mhosva, asi yemitambo hapana aiva nehanya kutambura kwake. Muna 1818-M Charles Didlo akasarudza kudzorera uye kutendeuka kwenyu kufarira vachitova zvekuratidza - "Zephyr uye Flora", uyo mumhanzi rakanyorwa K. A. Kavosa. Avdotya kakawanda muchirongwa kwokutanga kubudiswa kutamba ichi. Zvino hope yake zvazoitika, uye aifanira kumira munzira kasvisto akanaka uye kutamba zita basa. Vateereri akakwazisa itsva "anorichengeta kasvisto" vane rukuru. Yaiva kukunda chaiyo Ballerina. Pashure paizvozvo, iye chakavhenekera anenge ose chikuru soMupi mudzidzisi wake: "African Lion", "Baghdad kuti Caliph," "Evtimii uye Evharisa", "somupanduki," "Lisa uye Colin", "Cora uye Alonzo, kana Mhandara zuva", "Roland uye Morgan "and said.

Avdotya Istomin uye Pushkin

Pakutanga 1823 panguva St. Petersburg Big Stone Theater vaipinda kuratidzwa waivako - kutamba kunobva nhetembo Pushkin kuti "musungwa Caucasus", mimhanzi kuti mutambo zvakanyorwa Katarino Kavos. Istomina akapiwa bato Circassian. Zvinofadza kuti munyori basa, A. S. Pushkin, panguva iyoyo, akatapwa Chisinau. Pavakaziva kuti guru vanofanira nzvimbo waivako ichi, akanyorera hama dzake Leo: "Endai," musungwa Caucasus "uye kundiudza Didlo uye yangu yakanaka Circassian-Istomin. Ndakambove neminhenga shure kwake akaita musungwa wangu. " Chii mwoyo yaiva nemitsetse izvi. Pushkin aiva muduku chaizvo kudanana vechiduku Istomin. Ivo, sezvo dzatoona, vaiva vezera. Ndiye mumwe wevakatanga cherechedzai naye pakati pechaunga. Asi kutamba "Acis uye Galatea" saka akamubata, kuti iye chose Galatea usingafi mutsetse wake dema takangwaririra mu "Eugene Onegin" yokufungidzira. Kunyange kana haana kutaura muzita rayo chaizvo, munhu kunzwisisa kuti zvaanorondedzera mutambi - Avdotya Istomin. nhetembo Pushkin kwakaita vagara fungidzira uye wechokwadi, kunyanya kana kurondedzera vakadzi kunetseka. Aigona kubata zvimwe chiratidzo chinokosha kana chiso chavo zvakanga haawanzotauri oneka vamwe.

The heroine of yokufungidzira vakundikana

The mubereko Nyanduri huru unhu Istomin akanga zvakadzama zvikuru kupfuura kuti aida pachake. Akaramba ichidzokera kwaari, mufananidzo wake mupfungwa dzake aigara inopenya, zvisinei kwaaiva. Pushkin nechinangwa kunyora yokufungidzira nezvazvo, uye kunyange sketched. Zvakanga pakutanga aronga zita rinonzi "Russian Pelham." Zvisinei, gare gare, akasarudza kuti aizotapwa rinonzi "vachitamba Two". Alexander kuti avabate pamusoro nhamo, inova chaikonzera nokusaziva akava mutambi - zviri pamusoro duel pakati Sheremetev uye Zavadovsky. Mune muzvinyorwa Pushkin kuwanikwa itsva urongwa. Akatarisa sezvinotevera:

• Ballet Didlo.
• Zavadovsky.
• Anoda.
• Backstage chinosiririsa.
• Duel.
• AI ari mubati pasi.
• Nomurongo.
• Marriage.
• tsamwa
• Istomin munyika.
• Kuramba.
• rokunyika yemichato
• Chigumburo uye t. D.

History Pointe

Avdotya Ilinichna Istomina aiva piyona chaiye mune Russian kutamba unyanzvi. Akanga ari Russian mutambi wokutanga uyo akamira Pointe. Vasati ichi, vachitamba pavaiedza kuwana iri guru nezvigumwe, asi rinokosha kutamba shangu pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, yakanga isiri. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muna Pointe wokutanga akazviratidza parutivi Italian Mariya Taloni. Zvino nezuva pavaipfuura Royal Theater muna 1830. Makore asi muRussia, zvakaitika mashoma apfuura, akavonga Didlo uye Istomina, izvi zvakaita kuti chipo kuchinja zvinhu kutamba.

shwiro

Avdotya akanga akashanda Imperial Ballet kwemakore anopfuura 20. Her akazotevera mabasa vaiona Rosalba kuti "Dona Karlosa", Italian Susanna "Almaviva uye Rosina" Eliza mu "Pazhah Vendôme Duke"; Countess Albert mu "Chidzidzo muroyi," etc. Kwemakore, akatanga gruznet, uye kazhinji vakava vaneta ... Akatanga kupa mabasa mashoma. Muna 1830, akatanga zvigunwe chirwere, uye aitofanira kuenda sezvimwe mapati. namesake Her Avdotia Panaeva mu netsamba dzake akabhadhara kunoshamisa Ballerina mapeji mashoma. "Istomin makore 40 akava unwieldy, mukadzi rastolstevshie. Akaedza Young uye akashandisa yakawanda maumbirwe - kutungamirira chena uye Rouge. Hair haina kutinzwira kuchena, uye vakanga vachiri rikasviba nenamo. Paiva nerunyerekupe kuti akanga dzavo mavara. "With zera vanoitisana kwete kwaari, uye iye akabatsira jaya vemifananidzo, pakati pavo pakanga zvinoshamisa mutambi Godunov. Theater vatsoropodzi vaimuona sagona, asi Istomin haana kuudza pfungwa dzavo. Aiva mudiki pane wake kwemakore 21, Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kuvatadzisa kuti varoorane. anomupa zvipo zvinodhura, mangoda, norudado akagara naye mumabhokisi yemitambo uye vabatsirwe akapfuma upenyu. asi, ndezvokuti, murume wechiduku nokukurumidza akarwara typhus uye akafa. Avdotia kuchema akasarudza kuenda sezvinoita sisita asi usati pamusoro kwete doschlo, uye akaramba kuti ave yemitambo.

epilogue

The wokupedzisira muchirumbidza zita Ballerina pamusoro playbill yaiva January 1836, uye mashandiro aro okupedzisira kwakaitika Alexandria Theater nezuva rokupedzisira yaJanuary iroro. Zvisinei, pashure paizvozvo, iye akararama makore 12 uye akafa korera. The mariro aiva nomwero, hapana kunyange vakarangarira kuti wakange mumwe mukuru vachitamba nguva yake.