Benito Mussolini: Biography, zvematongerwo enyika, mhuri. misi Key nezviitiko hwake

mutungamiri yechiFascist Benito Mussolini kwemakore 21 akatonga Italy somunhu okudzvinyirira Prime Minister. Kuva mwana zvakaoma kubva vaduku, akakura vasingadzoreki uye chisimba. Bucha, saka akadana Mussolini akaita basa rake Italian Socialist Party. Akanga Gare gare kudzingwa sangano kutsigirwa Hondo Yenyika II. Akabva akaumba Nazi Party kuvakazve Italy aine simba simba European.

Pashure March musi Rome muna October 1922 Benito anova Prime Minister uye zvishoma nezvishoma anoparadza kupikiswa zvose enyika. Zvakasimbisa nzvimbo yacho kuburikidza dzakatevedzana mitemo uye akashandura Italy rive rimwe-party mamiriro. Akaramba nesimba kusvikira 1943, kusvikira rakakundwa. Gare gare akava mutungamiriri Italian Social Republic, iyo mukaruramiswa kuchamhembe chikamu hurumende kuti Hitler akanga akatsigira nemwoyo wose. The pambiru achisimudzira kusvikira 1945.

Ngatidzidzei zvakawanda nezvazvo husinganzwisisiki uye eccentric murume, Mussolini, ane Biography unofadza zvikuru.

makore okutanga

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini akaberekwa muna 1883 mumusha Varano Di naKosta (mudunhu Forlì-Chizena, Italy). Zita kuremekedza Mexican President Benito Juarez, uye zita wechipiri uye zita yapakati dzakapiwa kwaari kuziva Italian Socialist Andrea Costa uye Amilcare Tsipriani. baba vake, Alessandro, aiva mhizha uye vaneshungu mugovanisi, uyo akapa yakawanda ake akasununguka nguva gwara, uye aiwana mari yakawandisa mistresses. mai vake, Rosa, aiva muKaturike uye mudzidzisi.

Benito - mwanakomana mukuru wemhuri vana vatatu. Pasinei chokwadi kuti aizova mumiririri mukuru remakore rechimakumi maviri, akatanga kutaura chaizvo kunonoka. In hwake, akarova vanhu vakawanda avo okufunga, asi panguva iyoyo akanga zvikuru kupanduka uye nezvinyamusi. baba vake vakaroverera maari chido mugovanisi zvematongerwo enyika uye kusateerera simba. Mussolini kanoverengeka vakadzingwa muzvikoro, zvinodiwa kuranga uye kurongeka. Mumwe vakabayiwa dangwe mukomana, Mussolini (Biography kunoratidza kuti haana chete kuratidza chisimba vanhu). Zvisinei, iye akakwanisa kuwana dzidziso chitupa muna 1901, achibva ambopedza nguva kushanda dzakagadzirirwa yavo.

Passion nokuti gutsaruzhinji Mussolini. Biography uye upenyu

Muna 1902, Benito kuSwitzerland, kukudziridza mugovanisi kufamba. Angotanga mukurumbira sezvo zvinoshamisa zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe. Ndakadzidza Chirungu uye German. Kupindura kwake enyika kuratidzira Akakwezva nezviremera Swiss, izvo Ndokusaka, uye kudzingwa munyika.

Muna 1904, Benito akadzokera Italy, apo akaramba kusimudzira Socialist Party. Kwemwedzi mishomanana, iye asungwa kuwana kubva ndiani dzidziso pamusoro Mussolini. Asunungurwa, akava mupepeti pepanhau Avanti (zvinoreva "mberi"). chinzvimbo ichi akamutendera kuwedzera simba rake Italian nzanga. Muna 1915, akaroora Rashel Gaydi. Kwapera nguva, akabereka vana vashanu Benito.

The zororo pamwe gutsaruzhinji

Mussolini akashora Italy muna World War First. Asi ndakakurumidza kuona kuti ichi chaiva mukana zvikuru nyika yake kuti ave nesimba guru. Zvakasiyana zvakakonzera vakapopotedzana Benito nevamwe Socialist, uye pasina nguva akanga adzingwa sangano.

Muna 1915 akava nhengo hondo Italian uye akarwa nechemberi pemitsara. The chinzvimbo koporo akanga adzingwa muchiuto.

Pashure pehondo, Mussolini akatangazve ake mabasa enyika, pokutsoropodza Hurumende Italy chiratidzo chokusava nesimba munguva kusaina kuti Chibvumirano Versailles. Akasika pepanhau wake muMilan - Il people d'Italia. Uye muna 1919, iye akaumba Nazi Party, rakanga zvainanga rokurwisa kirasi evanhu rusaruraganda uye kutsigira nationalist pfungwa. Chinangwa charo chikuru - kuhwina chivimbo hondo uye umambo. Saka, wakatarisira kumutsa Italy kuti ufanane zvayo Roman kare zvikuru.

The kuuya nesimba Mussolini

Munguva seboka nokukangaidzika pashure maturo vakaurayiwa War Great kushora paramende tikafunga zvoupfumi uye yakakwirira munzanga kurwisana, Mussolini akaronga rechiuto bloc, inozivikanwa se "Shirts vatema" uyo ukamuvhundutsa enyika vavengi uye vakabatsira kuwedzera yechiFascist simba. Muna 1922, iye mukusanzwisisa enyika mhirizhonga Italy. Mussolini akati aizokwanisa kudzorera hurongwa munyika, kana akapiwa simba.

Mambo Victor Emmanuel III akakumbira Benito kuti vaumbe hurumende. Uye muna October 1922, akava gotwe wehurumende munhau rokuItari wehurumende. Zvishoma nezvishoma namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara zvose democratic masangano. Uye muna 1925, akazviita mudzvinyiriri, Mussolini akatora musoro, izvo zvinoreva kuti "mutungamiriri".

Policy Duce

Akaita nezvepurogiramu chaizvo paruzhinji anoshanda kuderedza urovha. Naizvozvo Mussolini kuchinja vaiva rakabudirira. Naiyewo zvakachinja Utongi enyika munyika kuti utongi, simba raiva Grand Council of Fascism, achitsigirwa parunyararo rwenyika.

Mushure kubvisa Paramende Benito akavaka Chamber of Fasci uye makambani pamwe itsanangudzo mazano. Senzira yemakambani wehurumende, vashandirwi uye vashandi dzakarongwa NEMASIMBA mapato vaimiririra sectors siyana hwenyika. mabasa Social yawedzera zvikuru, asi rakanga chabvisa kodzero kurova.

Mussolini hurumende akazoita kwaiitika dzeutongi, zvakasimba anotonga vakasununguka venhau, kusunga enyika vavengi. Pashure dzakatevedzana kuedza hwake (muna 1925 uye 1926) Benito dzairambidzwa basa redu mapato anopikisa, anodzinga nhengo dzinopfuura 100 yeparamende, kudzorera rufu mutongo enyika mhosva, anobva audza ari kunhaka sarudzo omunharaunda uye anowedzera simba mapurisa epachivande. Saka Fascism pamusoro Mussolini yabatanidza simba.

Muna 1929, iye akasaina Lateran chibvumirano pamwe Vatican, pashure akagumisa kurwisana pakati Church uye rokuItari mamiriro.

ugamba muchiuto

Muna 1935, akatsunga kuratidza simba uye simba utongi hwake, Mussolini yakarwisa Ethiopia ari kutyora kunenge of League of Nations. Havaratidzi veItiopia zvombo vaisagona kukunda Matangi ano uye ndege muItaly, uye guta guru Addis Ababa nokukurumidza kukundwa. Benito inotangwa muEthiopia itsva Italian umambo.

Muna 1939, anotumira mauto Spain kutsigira Francisco Franco uye nemakanzuru nevaFascist panguva Civil War. Saka aida chokuwedzera nawo.

Germany Union

Ashamiswa vabudirira zvechiuto muna Italy, Adolf Hitler (German mudzvinyiriri) vakatsvaka kumisa noushamwari naye Mussolini. Benito, akavapindurawo, akatema enyika chinopenya mabasa Hitler uye ake kukunda achangobva enyika. Pakazosvika 1939, nyika mbiri akasaina uto mubatanidzwa inonzi chibvumirano pakati Steel.

Mussolini uye Hitler akanga yakachena Italy, kuranga vose vaJudha. Uye kubva pakutanga Second World War, muna 1940, vokuItaly mauto yakarwisa Greece. Ipapo akabatana vokuGermany ari weboka Yugoslavia, nechisimba Soviet Union uye kuzivisa kurwa America.

Vazhinji vokuItaly havatsigiri kubatana Germany. Asi kupinda yaHitler kupinda Poland uye anopesana Britain uye France akatungamirira Italy kutora chikamu ruvengo uye nokudaro vanoratidza dzose zvikanganiso wehondo yake. Greece uye North Africa nokukurumidza unonyangadzwa Italy. Chete Kupindira German muna 1941 anoramba Mussolini kubudikidza zvemauto akabvuta chigaro.

Pokukundwa Italy uye Mussolini kuti kuderera

Muna 1942, panguva Casablanca Conference , Winston Churchill uye Franklin D. Roosevelt kutanga chirongwa kuunza Italy kubva hondo uye kumanikidza Germany kufamba mauto ake pamusoro Eastern Front pamusoro Russia. mauto omubatanidzwa yakasimbiswa midzi Sisiri uye akatanga kwira Peninsula.

Kukura kumanikidzwa akamanikidza Mussolini kusiya. Pashure paizvozvo, akanga asungwa, asi mauto inokosha German nokukurumidza spas Benito. Akabva atamira kune kuchamhembe kweItaly, iyo ichiri ine vokuGermany, achitarisira kuti vadzorere simba yekare.

The paruzhinji kuurayiwa

June 4, 1944, Rome rusununguko nemauto omubatanidzwa kuti wadzikamisa yose wehurumende. Mussolini wake vahosi, Clara Petacci, akaedza kutiza kuSwitzerland, asi vakabatwa April 27, 1945. Ivo vakaurayiwa rakatevera zuva pedyo netaundi Dongo. mitumbi yavo risungirirwe ari mativi muMilan. Italian vanhu haana kutaura chinhu kuzvidemba nokuda rufu Benito. Pashure pezvose, akavimbisa vanhu "kukudzwa Roman", asi megalomania wake kukurira pfungwa, izvo zvakaita hurumende hondo uye urombo.

Pakutanga Mussolini akavigwa kumakuva Musocco muMilan. Asi muna August 1957, akanga kuzodzosera akavigwa crypt pedyo Varano Di naKosta.

Faith uye mabasa aunofarira

Paaiva muduku, Mussolini akazviti asingatendi kuti kuna Mwari, uye akatoedza kanoverengeka kuvhundutsa vateereri, udane Mwari kuti vamuuraye pakarepo. Akashora Socialist, vakanga anoshivirira chitendero. Aidavira kuti sayenzi vaudzewo kuti hakuna Mwari, uye chitendero - nechirwere mupfungwa, uye kupomerwa chiKristu younyengeri woumbwende. The dzematongerwe enyika Mussolini kunyanya kwaisanganisira achishora Catholic Church.

Benito aiva kukuchidzira kuti Fridriha Nitsshe. Denis Mack Smith akataura kuti mairi akawana kururamiswa wake "kushingirira" pamusoro unhu hwakanaka nerudo uye mutsa wechiKristu. Iye zvikuru vaikoshesa pfungwa yake akakwana. Pazuva rake 60th rokuzvarwa, akapiwa chipo Hitler - a muunganidzwa rakazara mabasa Nietzsche.

upenyu Personal

Kokutanga Benito akaroora naIda Dalser muna Trento muna 1914. Kwapera gore, vaviri aiva mwanakomana, uyo ainzi Benito Albino Mussolini. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti muchato wake wokutanga, mashoko ose raparadzwa uye wake uye mwanakomana vakanga nokukurumidza pasi zvakakomba kushungurudzwa.

Muna December 1915 akaroora Rashel Gaydi, uyo akanga tenzikadzi wake kubvira 1910. In muchato, vakanga vakunda vaviri uye vanakomana vatatu, Ed (1910-1995 gg.) Uye Anna Maria (1929-1968 gg.), Vittorio (1916-1997 gg.), Bruno (1918-1941 gg.) Uye Romano (1927-2006 gg.).

Mussolini aiva mistresses shoma, pakati pavo - Margherita Sarfatti uye ake okupedzisira anoda - Clara Petacci.

nhaka

Chechitatu mwanakomana Mussolini, Bruno, akafa mutsaona yendege panguva nendege pamusoro bhomba R.108 bvunzo basa August 7, 1941.

mwanakomana wake mukuru mushure chisimba kudheerera akaurayiwa August 26, 1942.

Sister Sofi Loren, Anna Maria Skikolone, akaroora Romano Mussolini. Muzukurusikana wake, Alessandra Mussolini, aiva nhengo European Parliament, uye ari kushumira ari Chamber of vevatariri senhengo Vanhu Freedom.

Mussolini National yechiFascist Party rakarambidzwa pashure pehondo Italian Constitution. Asi, paiva dzakawanda masangano chiNazi Nazi, kuramba basa Benito. The kupfuura simba vavo - rokuItari Social Movement, iyo kusvikira 1995. Asi nokukurumidza akashandura zita raro kuti National Alliance uye zvikuru vakaparadzaniswa Fascism.

Saka, tinogona kutaura: simba, vanoda kuti kukunda, sebenzi uye mupengo aiva Benito Mussolini. Biography yake achirova kupenyerera nemateru nezvisingafadzi tsitsi. Aiva mukuru hurumende Italian kubva 1922 kusvika 1943. Akava muvambi Fascism kuItaly. Paachato- okudzvinyirira iri nokuramba wakaomerera panzira kureva vomunyika dzavo. Akatungamirira rudzi muhondo matatu, mumakore raakanga rakaparadzwa.

Zvichienderana ikozvino wose achakwanisa kuziva mashoko ari pamusoro apa, chii dzematongerwe enyika Mussolini uye sei aiva munhu.