Biography Nitsshe Fridriha. Interesting facts, mabasa, akatorwa

Kazhinji chikonzero kunoshamisa kubudirira mune uzivi uye iwe hakusi upenyu nyore. Nitsshe Fridrih, mumwe vazivi kukosha yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19 yakanga yakaoma pfupi asi zvibereko basa. We kwamuri pamusoro zvinokosha pamusoro Biography zvikuru kukosha mabasa anofunga uye maonero.

Uduku uye kwakatangira

October 15, 1844 muEast Germany, mutaundi duku Rekkene akaberekwa remangwana anofunga kukuru. Mumwe Biography, Nitsshe Fridrih hapana kunze, kunotanga yemadzitateguru. Saka izvi muuzivi kare zvisiri pachena. Pane shanduro kuti anobva anokudzwa mhuri Nice zita Polish, izvozvo akasimbisa pacharo Friedrich. Asi kune nyanzvi vanoti mhuri muzivi yakanga midzi German uye mazita. Ivo anoratidza kuti "Polish shanduro" Nietzsche nyore yagadzirwa, kupa vanozviwanira Aura kuti exclusivity uye strangeness. Zvinozivikanwa kuti zvizvarwa vaviri amadzitateguru ake vakanga chokuita upristi, kudivi vabereki vose navanasekuru vaiva Frederick Lutheran mufundisi, uyewo baba vake. Apo Nietzsche akanga 5 makore baba vake vakafa nechirwere chakakomba nepfungwa, uye dzidzo mai mukomana wacho zvakashanda. To mai vake ambosiririswa, uye hanzvadzi yangu uye ndakanga ndave pedyo chaizvo uye kunzwisisa ukama, iyo vakaita guru muupenyu hwake. Nechekare mu muduku Friedrich akaratidza kuda kufanana vose, uye akanga akagadzirira akasiyana vanopenga zvinhu.

inotungamirwa

Ndava nemakore 14, Fridrih Nitsshe, muuzivi izvo haasati vatombotanga kubuda, akatumirwa jimunasiyamu yakakurumbira Pforta, achidzidzisa dzenhoroondo mitauro, yekare kare uye mabhuku, uyewo zvavo nyaya. In Nietzsche ndakanga vanoshingaira mitauro, asi pamwe masvomhu akanga akaipa chaizvo. Yakanga iri chikoro panguva Friedrich pane kufarira kwakasimba mumhanzi, uzivi uye mabhuku yekare. Akaedza rwake ari kunyora nzira, verenga yakawanda vanyori German. Pashure chikoro, muna 1862, Nietzsche akaenda kudzidza paUniversity Bonn rorusununguko dzidziso uye uzivi. Kubva kuchikoro, iye nechido chakasimba mabasa echitendero, uye kunyange akarota, sezvinoita baba kuva mufundisi. Asi makore ake mudzidzi maonero ake chakachinja chaizvo, uye akazova Aisatenda. In Bonn, hukama navo Nietzsche zvikasazofamba, uye akatamisirwako kuna Leipzig. Ikoko achimirira vabudirira zvikuru munguva zvidzidzo zvake akakokwa kunoshanda purofesa mabhuku echiGiriki. Achifuridzirwa mudzidzisi wake kufarira, kuti philologist yokuGermany F. Richli, akabvuma kuti basa. Nietzsche nyore vakapfuura bvunzo kuti musoro chiremba wouzivi uye akaenda kudzidzisa muBasel. Asi Frederick haana kunzwa waguta zvidzidzo zvavo, philological Wednesday kutanga kuyera paari.

mhuru-rudo

In hwake, Fridrih Nitsshe, ane uzivi chete akatanga kutora chimiro, akamborara maviri simba rokufurira kunyange kuvhunduka. Muna 1868, akatanga kuziva Richard Wagner. Music Munyori Frederick ainakidzwa yakapfuura, uye waunoziva akaita simba pfungwa paari. Dzaishamisa munhu akawana zvikuru zvakafanana: vose vachifarira mabhuku echiGiriki yekare, vose vaivenga fettering mweya mumagariro muusungwa. Makore matatu pakati Nietzsche uye Wagner yakasimbiswa noushamwari, asi vakazotanga atonhodze vakadzivira zvachose pashure muzivi, yakabudisa bhuku "Human, zvose zvakare kwevanhu." Munyori zvinowanikwa mariri tiri zviratidzo zvakajeka zvepfungwa nemunyori.

Ndakarohwa nehana yechipiri yakanga kusonganirana bhuku Schopenhauer "The World sezvo Will uye Umiririri." Akatendeukira maonero Nietzsche pamusoro munyika. Anofunga Schopenhauer vanokosheswa nemano ayo kuudza chokwadi vaairarama, nokuti kuda kwavo kundorwa kazhinji akagamuchira pfungwa. Raiva basa rake chakaita Nietzsche kunyora mabasa nevazivi uye kuchinja basa - zvino iye akasarudza kuva muzivi.

Panguva Franco-Prussian War, akashanda ari wezvokurapa akarongeka, uye zvose zvinotyisa hondo, oddly zvakakwana, chete zvakasimbisa pfungwa dzake pamusoro kunobatsirei uye anoporesa matambudziko zviitiko zvakadaro pamusoro Company.

utano

Kubvira pauduku, handina chaizvo simba, akanga pfupi anoona zvakanaka chaizvo uye handichisina simba, zvichida iyi ndiyo chikonzero, sezvo vakashanduka Biography ake. Nitsshe Fridrih aiva nhodzera zvakaipa uye simba tsinga. At makore 18 akatanga kuva tichibatwa zvikuru nemusoro, kuda kurutsa, kushaya hope, akawana yakareba yadzikira matauriro uye akaora mwoyo. Gare gare ichi chakawedzerwa neurosyphilis, vakanonga pamusoro kukurukura nechifeve. Pazera 30 akatanga nomusiyano kuderera utano, akanga akapotsa bofu, akanga inonetesa nomusoro. Akatanga kubata opiate kuti kwakaita kuti kutyorwa kuri nemudumbu. Muna 1879 Nietzsche pamudyandigere nezvikonzero zvoutano, zvinobatsira kuti yunivhesiti akabhadhara. Akatanga zvachose kudzora chirwere. Asi panguva ino zviri akaita dzidziso Fridriha Nitsshe uye ake dzouzivi yekudyidzana anowedzera yauinayo.

upenyu Personal

Muzivi Fridrih Nitsshe, vane pfungwa kwakachinja tsika remakore rechi20, akanga asingafari ari ukama. Maererano naye, kwakanga 4 vakadzi, asi 2 chete wavo (pfambi) ndamuita zvishoma muupenyu hwake. pauduku hwake vokutanga akarara hanzvadzi yake Elizabeth, iye kunyange aida kumuroora. Ndava nemakore 15, Friedrich akanga chibharo mukadzi mukuru. Zvose izvi yakakura anofunga kukanganiswa mafungiro kune vakadzi uye upenyu hwake. Aigara achida kuona mukadzi wokutanga interlocutor. Intelligence kwaari kunokosha kupfuura zvepabonde. Pane imwe nguva ari murudo mukadzi Wagner. Gare gare, akanga anonakidzwa nokuda chiremba Lou Salome, iyewo aida shamwari yake, munyori Paul Ray. Kwenguva ivo kunyange vakagara pamwe chete mufurati. Yakanga pasi pokudzora kushamwaridzana Lou, akanyora chikamu basa rake akakurumbira yokutanga "Saka Vakanyarara Zarathustra". Kaviri muupenyu Friedrich akaita muroorane, uye zvose nguva chakarambwa.

The zvibereko kupfuura nguva youpenyu

Pamwe mudyandigere, pasinei nechirwere zvinorwadza, muzivi anotora kupfuura zvibereko yaitonga hwake. Nitsshe Fridrih, zvakanakisisa izvo mabhuku vava Classics uzivi nyika kwemakore 10, akanyora 11 mabasa ake makuru. Nokuti 4 Makore akanyora uye akabudisa basa rake dzakakurumbira "Saka Vakanyarara Zarathustra". Bhuku hazvirevi chete ane yakajeka kujairika pfungwa, asi pamutemo hazvina runowanzoitika mabasa kwouzivi. It zvakanyatsobatana zvichiratidza, Myology, nhetembo. Kwemakore maviri pashure racho rokutanga zvikamu Nietzsche anova yakakurumbira anofunga kuti Europe. Basa iri azvino bhuku "The Will kuna Simba" kwemakore anoverengeka, izvozvo zvaisanganisira zvichiratidza uye yapfuura nguva. Basa rakabudiswa pashure muzivi afa anoonga zvinoitwa hanzvadzi yake.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Pakutanga 1898 zvikuru zvinowedzerwa chirwere zvakakonzera yokuti rapera Biography kwouzivi. Nitsshe Fridrih akaona mumugwagwa kuitika bhiza kurova, uye kuti wakatsamwisa ikodzere ake hwoupengo. Vanachiremba havana kuwana chaiyo kukonzera chirwere chake. Zvimwe zvange pano nokuda dzakaoma musha. Tikaitira vanachiremba vasingagoni kupa uye akatuma Nietzsche kuti chepfungwa kiriniki muBasel. Ikoko Raichengetwa mukamuri upholstered ari nyoro jira, saka haagoni kukonzera kuzvipira kukuvadza. Vanachiremba vakakwanisa kuuya murwere kuti mudanga pakusava, kureva pasina mhirizhonga kurwiswa uye aibvumirwa kutora naye kumba. Amai Vaitarisira mwanakomana wake, achiedza napo kuderedza kutambura kwake. Asi iye akafa kwapera mwedzi mishomanana, uye Frederick akatambura sitiroko, riri chose kuvakanganise iye uye akaita zvisingabviri kutaura. Munguva ichangopfuura, nokuti hanzvadzi muzivi vakadongorera. August 25, 1900, pashure mumwe kurwisa, Nietzsche akafa. Akanga makore 55 chete okuberekwa, akavigwa kumakuva kuti muzivi yekwake pedyo nehama.

Kwouzivi maonero Nietzsche

uzivi Nietzsche Unozikanwa akavonga rose ayo nihilistic uye okunyanyisa maonero. Ari vakatsoropodza chaizvo zvakasimba ano European nzanga, kunyanya hwaro dzaro dzechiKristu. Anofunga vaidavira kuti sezvo mazuva muGirisi yekare, iro anoona sezvo imwe yakanaka yebudiriro, pane disintegration uye kudzikisirana pamusoro tsika Old World. Iye formulates yake pamuviri, pashure kunzi "uzivi woupenyu". Izvi Muitiro anotenda kuti upenyu hwevanhu kunoshamisa uye akasiyana. Mumwe nomumwe hunokosha dzavo nazvo. Uye chikuru chinoratidza hwake, iye anowana kwete pfungwa kana manzwiro, uye kuda. Vanhu vari kugara kurwisa, uye vakakodzera upenyu chete akasimba. Nokudaro chinovapo pfungwa Superman - mumwe dzidziso huru Nietzsche. Fridrih Nitsshe anofunga pamusoro rudo, zvinoreva upenyu, chokwadi, basa chitendero nesayenzi.

mabasa Major

Zvinokonzerwa muzivi duku. basa rake rokupedzisira zvakabudisa hanzvadzi, uyo haana kuzeza aongorore chinyorwa maererano kwavo nyika maonero. Asi mabasa aya zvokukwanisa Fridrih Nitsshe, vane mabasa vanobatanidzwa rokumanikidzirwa purogiramu nhoroondo uzivi chero University enyika, iye akava chaiwo chaiwo munyika pfungwa. In ake mazita zvakanakisisa mabhuku zvinosanganisirwa, kuwedzera kune avo kare ataurwa, zvakanyorwa "Beyond Good uye Zvakaipa," "Munhu Anopesana naKristu '," Kuberekwa Dambudziko "," Kuna dzinza yetsika. "

Kutsvaka chinangwa choupenyu

Kufunga zvinorehwa upenyu uye nhoroondo chipfuro - nderei dingindira European uzivi, asingagoni kuva kure navo, uye Fridrih Nitsshe. About zvinoreva upenyu, anoti, dzakawanda mabasa ake, zvachose vachiramba. Anoti chiKristu zvinoisa zvekufungidzira vanhu kureva uye chinangwa, chaizvoizvo, kunyengedza vanhu. Upenyu chete ino, uye kutendeseka kwechipikirwa mubayiro zvimwe mhando muhupenyu hunotevera tsika maitiro. Saka anoti Nietzsche, chitendero zvinomukira nomurume, zvinomuita kuzviraramira zvinangwa kuti neorganichno hunhu hwevanhu. Munyika umo "Mwari ndiye akafa", murume ndiye anokonzera ake tsika uye vanhu. Uye ichi ndicho noukuru munhu anogona "kuva murume" uye mhuka yasara. Uyewo, zvinoreva upenyu anofunga akaona kuda simba, munhu (murume) vanofanira kuedza kuhwina, zvikasadaro ivepo maturo. Nietzsche akaona pfungwa munhoroondo dzidzo Superman, hazvisi kunyange pasocial shanduka anofanira kutungamirira ayo chitarisiko.

Pfungwa yacho akakwana

In basa rake nechepakati "Nokudaro akataura Zarathustra," Nietzsche formulates pfungwa yacho akakwana. Murume uyu akakodzera anoparadza zvose dzemunharaunda uye nenheyo, iye kutsvaka simba pamusoro munyika uye vamwe vanhu vakashinga, vane vatorwa kwaari manzwiro kwenhema uye fungidziro. The zvinyorwa zvokupikisa izvi Mukuru ndiye "murume wokupedzisira", uyo, pane vanoda kurwisa pfungwa, akasarudza nzira kunyaradzwa, mhuka kuvapo. Maererano Nietzsche, dzinoitwa nyika wakasimwa izvi "pakupedzisira", saka akaona zvakanaka muhondo, kucheneswa uye mukana kuberekwazve. Superman pfungwa akafarirwa nevanhu A. Hitler uye akagamuchira sechinhu Pfungwa kururamiswa nokuda Fascism. Kunyange zvazvo muzivi chinhu saka uye kumbofunga. Nokuda basa iri, zita uye Nietzsche chaiva categorical vaisafanira muSoviet Union.

mashoko

Muzivi Nietzsche prices iyo vakaenda nyika, aikwanisa kutaura muchidimbu uye gnomic. Naizvozvo, vazhinji mashoko ake saka kwazvo kutungamirira vakurukuri siyana pamusoro chero nguva. The yakakurumbira mazwi Muzivi rudo vaiva mashoko: "Vanhu havagoni kana rudo rwechokwadi kana ushamwari hwakasimba, nguva dzose bheji pamusoro muchato", "In rudo pane nguva dzose zvishoma hwoupengo ... asi ari kupenga pane nguva dzose zvishoma njere . On yechisikana, akataura chaizvo bitingly: "Imi kuenda vakadzi - kutora chamboko." Mashoko ake pachake aiva: "Chose asingadi kundiuraya - zvinondirwadza nesimba."

Zvichireva Nietzsche tsika

Nhasi, Friedrich Nietzsche akatorwa kubva pamabasa chinogona kuwanikwa kwemabasa mazhinji vazivi ano, hauchafambi rinomutsa hasha gakava kwakadaro uye kutsoropodzwa mukuvamba remakore rechi20. Zvadaro, dzidziso yake yakanga echimurenga uye wakadenha zvakawanda munzvimbo zvaiitika Nhaurirano Nietzsche. Naye zvaibvira vasingabvumirani kana nharo, asi zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kufuratira. pfungwa muzivi akanga zvakasimba tsika uye unyanzvi. Vafadzwa nemabasa Nietzsche Somuenzaniso, Thomas Mann akanyora kwake "Doctor Faustus." kutungamirira kwake "uzivi woupenyu" akapa nyika vazivi hunoshamisa kudaro akadai Dilthey, Bergson, Spengler.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

nguva dzose Bright vanhu kumutsa vanhu vade kuziva, kwete kunzvenga uye Fridrih Nitsshe. Interesting chokwadi Biography ake vari kutsvaka ruzivo, vanhu kuaverenga nomufaro. Chii zvaishamisa uzivi upenyu? Somuenzaniso, akanga kwazvo mumhanzi yake zvose upenyu, aiva akanaka Pianist. Uye kunyange kana kupenga, iye akasika mumhanzi uye kugadzirwa zvidimbu zvokuimba muchipatara vaenzi. Muna 1869, akasiya Prussian citizenship uye navamwe aakararama hwake, kwete kuva chero mamiriro.