Biography uye basa Bloc

The akakurumbira symbolist mudetembi Silver Age, anorova zvose kutenda kwake dzakadururwa mune remangwana Russia uye vanhu. Rudo uye kutambura kunzwisisa kwezvose, mumwe murume ane yakafara pfungwa uye zvinorwadza muupenyu. The upenyu uye basa Bloc vachikodzera nokuzara kwayo uye bata.

Biography Nyanduri

Block Aleksandr Aleksandroviya, akaberekwa muna 1880, musi 28 November. Isa yokuzvarwa - Petersburg. Vabereki vake: Baba - AL Block yuristm aishanda paYunivhesiti Warsaw, mai vake - AA Beketov, mwanasikana yakakurumbira musayendisiti uye nyanzvi.

Vabereki vomukomana vakarambana asati aberekwa, saka vanokurira mumhuri imwe sanganisika asina zvaitika. Zvisinei, AN sekuru pamusoro rwaamai divi Beketov, ane mhuri yakura uye Alexander, vakakomba mwana zvakafanira kunyatsotarisirwa. Ndakamupa dzidzo yakanaka uye kutanga muupenyu. AN pachake Beketov aiva Rector ari kuyunivhesiti muSt Petersburg. High tsika netsika kuitika yakapoteredza kwezvakatipoteredza yave avasakadza paumbwe pepfungwa uye dzidzo Block.

Kubvira pauduku, kwawaiita rudo Classics mabhuku Russian. Pushkin, Apukhtin, Zhukovsky, Fet, Grigoriev - awa mazita, mune mabasa ane diki chikwata uye akaora vasiyana nyika mabhuku uye nhetembo.

Naizvozvo, kurovedza

Danho rokutanga dzidzo nokuti Bloc rava chesekondari muSt Petersburg. Pashure wake kudzidza muna 1898 akapinda St. Petersburg University, magweta. Anoguma kudzidziswa pamutemo muna 1901 uye anochinja mirayiridzo enhoroondo-philological.

Yakanga iri University, iye pakupedzisira anosarudza yokunyatsoongorora munyika mabhuku. Uyewo, chido ichi chinosimbiswa yakanaka uye nzvimbo yakanaka, riri pakati nefuma sekuru vake. Kukura pane kuti zvakatipoteredza, Alexander zvose zvakawanda kuti nehanya uye nokungwarira kuti manzwisisire kwenyika, uye izvi zvinoratidzwa nhetembo yake. Kubvira ipapo, uye anotanga kushanda Bloc.

With mai vake chikwata anoramba ukama Wirirana chaizvo, rudo rwake uye kuremekedza kwake magumo. Ndiye kusvika pakufa mai akatuma kwaari mabasa ake.

chitarisiko

Chitarisiko chake ainyora MA Voloshin. Akadana chiso Alexander Blok zvakajeka uye muchitonhorera, akadzikama chaizvo, tichienzanisa Greek machena chifukidzo. Akataura kuti kururama uye nehasha pamusoro chiso features, pamusoro mutete-akacheka pahuma, vaikunga miromo. Ini wakabvunzwa nechiremera wakanaka rakamonana bvudzi nyanduri.

Andrey Bely rinorondedzera yakafanana chaizvo chitarisiko Bloc uyewo kukoshesa utano ruvara rweganda, akanaka uye gobvu bvudzi, zvinooneka uye statuesque mufananidzo, simba uye anoyevedza. Iye anosimbisa nepakuchena uye spontaneity mumaziso ake Bloc, ayo kujairika uye rakajeka maziso. Kazhinji chitarisiko chake muuduku tichienzanisa mufananidzo Apollo. Mumakore ake vakura - pamwe Dante.

domesticity

Pamusaka vake vanoshingaira hunhu, achirapa yakanaka wakanaka, kuti chikwata chiri kuramba achitsvaka mukadzi akanaka vaigona kuva kuratidzwa kwake zvose ake simba uye pfungwa yorudo. Nokuti iro akakwanisa kunyora mabasa ake, iyo yaizova neMuse yake.

Uye muna 1898, akawana ichi. Mukadzi wake chete kwoupenyu hwose uye rudo wokutanga simba - mwanasikana kemisiti Mendeleyev, Vanya Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (Block).

muchato wavo kwakaitika muna 1903. upenyu hwemhuri hwakanga zvakawanda uye zvakaoma. Rudo rukuru Mendeleev yakanga vakamirira, sapamazuva enganonyorwa. The anovhara anopawo nemwero uye upenyu akadzikama. Zvakaguma nekuchiva wake shamwari uye mweya naye, Andrei Bely, Symbolist nyanduri uyo zvange pabasa Unit.

Jobs upenyu

Life uye basa Bloc rakavapo nenzira yakadaro kuti, kunze mabhuku, vaiitawo muzvinhu zvikuru zvenyika. Somuenzaniso:

• Aiva nhengo inoshingaira nepfuma zvinoshamisa yemitambo uye kunyange akaona pachake somunhu mutambi, asi mabhuku basa akwezvwe zvakawanda;

• (. 1905-1906) kwemakore maviri anotevedzana naizvozvo zvakananga chapupu uye ubatanidzwe echimurenga misangano uye nemienzaniso;

• anoitisa kwayo kudzokorora mabhuku mbiru mupepanhau "Golden Fleece";

• pamwe 1916-1917 biennium. kuti mupe Motherland, achishanda pedyo Pinsk (engineering kuvakwa kukupfura);

• It chikamu utungamiriri Bolshoi Drama Theater;

• pakasvika mauto awana basa iri Commission of Inquiry vashumiri zvinoshamisa zvinhu vamambo. Zvinoshanda ipapo Editor verbatim rekodhi kusvikira 1921.

Early Works Block

ndima yake yokutanga Sasha muduku akanyora shure mumakore mashanu. Kunyange ipapo, izvozvo averenga makings ane tarenda kuti aifanira kukudziridzwa. The nechigumbuso uye kuroorana.

Rudo Russia - mbiri kufarira yemisoro okugadzira zvinhu. Blok akanyora nezvazvo, uye pamusoro pezvimwe zvinhu. Zvisinei, achiri padanho kukura uye vasinganyatsooni tarenda rake akwezvwe zvikuru rudo. Mufananidzo mukadzi akanaka akanga achitsvaka izvozvo kwese, vakabata ake wose. Uye yepasi pachake pfungwa dzake dziri Lyubovi Mendeleevoy.

Musoro rudo basa Bloc kunoratidzwa sezvo zvachose pachena uye yakanaka kuti zvakaoma nharo. Hazvishamisi kuti mwana wake wokutanga - dzakaunganidzwa nhetembo - inonzi "Ndima pamusoro Beautiful Lady" uye kuigara wake. A simba guru kunyorwa muunganidzwa iyi nhetembo muna Blok kuti nhetembo akapa Solovyov, mudzidzi uye muteveri waakanga vaiona.

nhetembo All kunoratidza pfungwa husingaperi romukadzi, runako, Akasununguka. Zvisinei, zvose mashoko uye zvirevo inoshandiswa kunyora, muri ndeyokufananidzira, surreal hunhu. The anovhara hwabviswa ari rokusika chido mune "mamwe nyika".

Zvishoma nezvishoma, musoro rudo basa Bloc kupiwa nzira chaiyo uye zvenzara nyaya dzakapoteredza nyanduri.

Tanga mwoyo

The echimurenga zviitiko, wenyonganyonga ukama hwemhuri, anotadza zvinosiririsa vanorota ane ramangwana yakachena uye yakajeka yenguva Russian basa simba Bloc rakagara vaakasarudza chinja. Ake muunganidzwa anotevera anonzi "Asingatarisirwi Joy" (1906).

More uye zvakawanda anoita mafaro ose Symbolists, izvo pachazvo haibatanidzi zvose kusimba uye zvikuru kutsoropodza tariro kuti zvakanakisisa kuuya. Iye muchirongwa echimurenga zviitiko, riri zvachose kurutivi Bolsheviks, vanotenda mhaka kwavo kwakarurama.

Panguva iyi (1906) akabudisa trilogy wake mitambo. Chokutanga, "The chidzoyi Show" kwapera nguva "panguva Mambo Square", uye rinopedzisa nevatatu uku "The ndokundoudza". The chikwata ari kusangana vanongozoerekana kubva kusakwana kwenyika, mwoyo yavo. Panguva iyoyowo, anogarisana mutambi NN Volokhova. Zvisinei, reciprocity haasi kuwana kuti zvinowedzera shungu nhetembo yake, ndyaringo uye kusava nechokwadi.

Andrei Bely nevamwe vateveri yapfuura nhetembo, usazvisarudzira zvachinja chinogumbura uye kutsoropodza basa rake iyezvino. Alexander Blok akaramba akaomerera. Akanga mwoyo uye takasuruvara.

"Trilogy zimukadzimu"

Muna 1909, Blok kufa baba, uyo asina nguva kutaura bhayibhayi. Izvi anoisa yakakura sei mamiriro ake pfungwa, uye akasarudza chokubatanidza zvavo kupfuura akajeka pfungwa dzake anoshanda Huchidetemba trilogy, aunopiwa zita "trilogy zimukadzimu."

Saka okugadzira zvinhu Blok muna 1911-1912 aizivikanwa chitarisiko akaunganidzwa matatu nhetembo, izvo mazita enhetembo:

1. "Verses pamusoro Beautiful Lady";

2. "Zvisingatarisirwi Joy";

3. "Snow Night".

Kwapera gore, akasunungura dzakatevedzana dzorudo, "Carmen", akanyora nhetembo "Nightingale Garden", yakatsaurirwa chitandadzo yake itsva - muimbi LA Delmas.

Rodina bloc nemabasa

Kutanga kubva 1908, mudetembi rinotaura pacharo asisiri Lyricist, asi sezvo vospevatel kwavo. Panguva iyi akanyora nhetembo akadai:

• "Autumn chinozunguzirwa";

• "Autumn Love";

• "Russia";

• "On Kulikovo Field".

mabasa ose aya zvakazadza nokuda munyika, kunyika. A nyanduri panguva zvinoratidza zvinhu zviviri muupenyu Russia: urombo uye nzara, wakazvipira asi panguva imwe chete, noutsinye, wildness uye rusununguko.

Russian dingindira iri basa Bloc, iyo nzvimbo yechizvarirwo musoro - chimwe chezvinhu inokosha iri yose upenyu hwake enhetembo. Nokuti naye, Motherland - ari mupenyu, kufema uye kunzwa. Saka, zviri kuoma, prohibitively zvakaoma vakapiwa zviitiko October Revolution.

The Musoro Russia iri basa Bloc

Mushure echimurenga dzinoitwa andobata mweya wake wose, mudetembi anenge zvachose anorasikirwa ayo lyricism uye rudo nemabasa avo. Zvino, wose pfungwa basa rake nechinangwa Russia, yokumusha kwake.

Block rinomiririra nyika yake mundima nomukadzi, iye anoita wake anenge palpable, zvechokwadi, kana rinoita. Rodina bloc nemabasa pakafunuka kwakadaro zvinotora kukosha kuti kupfuura rudo haana kumbobvira anonyora.

Kutenda muna Bolsheviks uye chokwadi wavo, iye kaviri noutsinye, anenge kuzviuraya kwaari zvikundikane paanoona migumisiro chimurenga. Nzara, urombo, kuparadzwa, vanobudisa kuparadzwa pakati intelligentsia - izvi zvose pave mupfungwa Block Island utsinye mafungiro kuna Symbolists, mashoko acho uye zvino anoita kuita chete anoshanda satiristicheskoy, chepfu chisekeso nokutenda munguva yemberi.

Zvisinei, rudo rwake nokuda Russia iguru zvokuti anoramba kutenda musimba nyika yake. Kutaura zvazviri, vachamuka, vachadzungudza uye tichakwanisa kuratidza simba rake uye nokubwinya. Block okugadzira zvinhu, Mayakovsky, Yesenin ari akafanana.

Muna 1918, Block akanyora nhetembo "Gumi namaviri", kupfuura scandalous uye ruzha zvose mabasa ake, ayo hwakonzera makuhwa uye nezvazvo. Asi kutsoropodzwa nyanduri kunosiya ini chando, kuti nascent mwoyo anotanga kupinza ake wose.

Nhetembo "The gumi"

Munyori akatanga kunyora basa rake "Gumi namaviri" pamavambo January. Pazuva rokutanga haana kunyange kuputsa. In ake manotsi akati: "Mukati inodedera." Ipapo akarega kunyora nhetembo, uye achaipedzisawo mudetembi anenge akwanisa chete musi 28 January.

Mushure bhuku rino hwachinja Creative Block. Rondedzera muchidimbu nayo sezvinotevera: mudetembi chakarasikirwa pachake, akauya ane rokusika dambudziko, kurega kunotanga.

The chikuru Pfungwa nhetembo nechimwe dzakaziva zvakasiyana. Munhu akamuona pakutsigira pokuchinja, kuseka simvolisticheskimi maonero. Mumwe, nekusiyana, munhu satirical slant uye chisekeso echimurenga kurongeka. Zvisinei, chinhu chinogumbura kusika nhetembo kwaireva zvose. Hazvina dzinopikisana, kufanana manzwiro ake panguva.

Mushure Bhuku "The navaviri" vose kare simba ukama vakanga adziviswa pamwe Symbolists. Bloc akatendeuka zvinenge zvose neshamwari: Merezhkovsky, Viacheslav, Prischvin, Sologub, Piast, Akhmatova, uye vamwe.

In Balmont panguva akagumbura pachake. Nokudaro, chikwata inoramba anenge mumwe.

post-echimurenga okugadzira zvinhu

mabasa matatu chete akanyorwa nomunyori mushure chimurenga:

1. "VaSitiya";

2. "Kumusha";

3. "Kutsiviwa", waakanga asina apedza kunyora.

The chimurenga kwakaitika, uye kuvava ari Bolshevik mutemo narosla kukangaidzika uye nesimba. Yakadaro incision pakati zvakanga zvavimbiswa uye zvakanga zviri kuitwa somugumisiro pokuchinja, rava zvisingatsungiririki nokuda Bloc. Block inogona kurondedzerwa zvishoma mubasa nguva ino, asina kunyorwa chinhu.

Sei achanyora pashure pamusoro rufu nyanduri, "iye ari Bolsheviks vakauraya." Uye ichi ichokwadi. Block anokwanisa kurwisa utore uye kupokana nemashoko uye mabasa hurumende itsva. Usingagoni kukanganwira pachangu nokuda inotsigira Bolsheviks, avo upofu uye kutadza kufunga nezveremangwana.

The hadzisisina kuona kupesana hwakasimba mukati make, zvachose mumwoyo yomukati uye nenhamo. Zvinoguma chirwere. Kubva April 1921 kusvika mangwanani August, chirwere asingadi kusunungura mudetembi, goading iye simba. Chete kupota anoenda hafu-akanganwa anoedza kunyaradza mudzimai wake, Vanya Mendeleev (Block). August 7 Block akafa.

Apo mudetembi taigara

Nhasi, Biography zvinhu uye Bloc captivate uye kurudzira zhinji. A nzvimbo kwaaigara uye akanyora nhetembo ake akava miziyamu. Kubva mifananidzo tinogona kutonga pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu umo nyanduri rakashanda.

The pakuonekwa wemunda, apo mudetembi akapedza nguva yake, unogona kuona mufananidzo kuruboshwe.

The nzvimbo mudetembi akapedza wokupedzisira runotyisa uye akaoma nguva upenyu (mufananidzo pazasi).

Nhasi, mudetembi aida uye vakadzidza, vanoyemurwa, vanoziva kudzika uye kuvimbika, mavambo uye kupenya. Russia iri basa Bloc akadzidza pamusoro rechikoro, pamusoro wenyaya nyora nziyo. Rinopa kodzero yakazara zita munyori nyanduri kukuru. Kare, symbolist, zvadaro echimurenga uye pakuvira kwezuva chete zvikuru mwoyo muupenyu uye simba vasingafari murume ane shungu nenhamo.

In St. Petersburg, shongwe dzokuyeuka zita romunyori munhoroondo uye kubhadhara mutero kuremekedzwa chisingarambiki tarenda rake.