"Utsotsi uye Kurangwa": nhoroondo pakusikwa yokufungidzira

"Utsotsi uye Kurangwa", nyaya kusikwa urwo rwakatora anenge 7 makore, mumwe yakakurumbira Romanov Fedora Dostoevsky muRussia uye kunze. kusikwa ichi mabhuku ainakidza emutauro wekuRussia nokusingaperi ake tarenda wepfungwa uye nyanzvi mweya yevanhu. Chii chakaita Dostoevsky pfungwa kunyora basa pamusoro muurayi uye marwadzo kwehana, nokuti nyaya iyi haisi runowanzoitika mabhuku iyoyo?

Fyodor Dostoyevsky - a mwene mupfungwa yokufungidzira

Munyori akaberekwa musi November 11, 1821 muMoscow. baba vake - Mikhail - aiva jinda, namakurukota dare, uye mai vake - Maria Feodorovna - aibva mumhuri mushambadzi.

Muupenyu Fedora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo aiva zvose: mukurumbira zvikuru uye urombo, mazuva erima muna Petro Paul Fortress uye makore akawanda zvakaoma, kubheja, uye chikumbiro pakutenda kwechiKristu. Kunyange munguva upenyu emunyori basa rake vakashandisa epithets akadai "penya."

Dostoevsky akafa pazera 59 of emphysema. Iye akasiya nhaka huru - enganonyorwa, nhetembo, diaries, tsamba, etc. In mabhuku Russian Fyodor basa sezvo wepfungwa mukuru uye nyanzvi mweya yevanhu. Vamwe mabhuku vatsoropodzi (akadai Bamba Gorky), kunyanya Soviet nguva, Dostoevsky akadana "shasha zvakaipa", nokuti vaitenda kuti munyori muzvinyorwa ake akadzivirira "zvakaipa" enyika maonero - kuchinja uye dzimwe nguva upenyu kunyange monarchist. Zvisinei, izvi debatable: ari enganonyorwa pamusoro Dostoevsky - kwete vari enyika, asi nguva dzose zvikuru mupfungwa, avo chinangwa - kuratidza mweya womunhu uye upenyu sezvazvakaita. Uye zvinobikwa "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" - uchapupu ichi.

Nhoroondo yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa"

Fyodor Dostoevsky muna 1850, akasungwa muna Omsk. "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa", nhoroondo pakusika iro rakatanga chaizvo ikoko, yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1866, uye munyori pamberi chakanga kuenda kuburikidza kwete zvakanaka mazuva muupenyu hwangu.

Muna 1854, munyori akanga akasununguka. Dostoevsky muna 1859 mune imwe tsamba kuna mukoma wake akanyora kuti imwe pfungwa iri yokufungidzira-kureurura vakauya kwaari paakanga achiri 50 wakakandwa tsvina mubhedha uye akaona nguva yakaomesesa muupenyu hwake. Asi kuti atange basa iri, akanga asina kukurumidza, nekuti hazvina kunyange nechokwadi chokuti richapona.

Naizvozvo, muna 1865 Dostoevskiy Fedor Mihaylovich, nepaaigona vaida mari, kusaina chibvumirano ne muparidzi, umo inozviita kugovera nenzira November 1866 imwe yokufungidzira itsva. Pashure pokugamuchira muripo, munyori kuvandudza zvinhu zvavo, asi muropa Roulette rakabatsira nzira paari: akarasikirwa mari yose yasara muWiesbaden, hotera varidzi varege dzinga kwaari, asi vakarega zvokudya uye kunyange akatendeuka kure chiedza muimba. Zviri mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro Dostoevsky akatanga "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa."

Nhoroondo yokufungidzira yakanga yave pedyo: nguva akanga kupererwa - munyori aishanda hotera, pamusoro muchikepe, munzira kumba St. Petersburg. Akapotsa apedza yokufungidzira, uye ipapo ... akaenda uye akapisa manyoro.

Dostoevsky akatanga kushanda zvakare, uye apo zvikamu zviviri basa rokutanga dzakabudiswa kudhindwa uye Dzakadyawo vose St. Petersburg, iye wakakurumidza kumhanya kusika vamwe vatatu, kusanganisira epilogue.

Zviri Mukati I - II of yokufungidzira

"Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" - musoro yokufungidzira zvakajeka kuonekwa atova mabasa the artist.

The protagonist - Rodion Raskolnikov - vakasarudza pamusoro kuponda uye ugororo okuberekwa usurer. Kudivi rimwe, jaya unoruramisa chiito chake kuitira kuti iye nemhuri yake vari kubatsirwa. Rodion anonzwa anokonzera njodzi vadiwa, asi kubatsira kanenge chinhu nomunun'una uye mai vake, anofanira mari yakawanda. Ukuwo, umhondi ari mhombwe uye runotadza chiito.

Rodion pamuviri zvinobudirira anoita mhosva. Asi chikamu yokufungidzira wechipiri, iye akatarisana nechinetso chakakomba zvikuru kupfuura urombo - rwunotanga anopisa hana. Anoomesa huta, zvinoita sokuti zvose anoziva zvaanoita. Somugumisiro, Rodion anotanga rokukuvadza rakaoma. Mushure kupora, vechiduku vanhu kuti vafungisise sei kuti azvipe kuzviremera. Asi kujairirana Sonia Marmeladov uye kusvika muguta amai nehanzvadzi panguva vakamumanikidza kusiya pfungwa.

Mukati III - IV of yokufungidzira

Magamba "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" itsva iri 3rd uye 4th of vairamba kuita zvinangwa zvavo.

At ruoko hanzvadzi yake Rodion - Dunja - kutaura zvakananga nomuroori 3: Court Gota Pyotr Luzhin, Svidrigailov womunda uye shamwari Rodion - Razumikhin. Rodion Razumihin uye Rinotarisira kuvhiringidza vakaronga muchato Dunya uye Luzhin, asi vapedzisira mashizha akatsamwa uye kufunga sei kutsiva.

Rodion Raskolnikov ari kuramba yakasungirirwa Sonia Marmeladov - mwanasikana mukupera shamwari yake. Ivo vanotaura kuti musikana nezvoupenyu, vanopedza nguva pamwe chete.

Asi pamusoro Rodion aisa munhu mutema gore - paiva nezvapupu vaivapupurira pakamba yemapurisa kuti vachangopinda kuna Raskolnikov kazhinji akaponda usurer. A jaya asi asunungurwa kubva yemapurisa, asi iye anoramba mutungamiriri fungira.

V Content of yokufungidzira. epilogue

Chinonyanya kukosha zviitiko yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" pedyo nemisoro kuwira pamusoro 5th chikamu chigadzirwa uye epilogue.

Kugumbuka Luzhin kuedza kukonzera Sonya Marmeladov wakati rakapiwa kwaari chive mbavha uye nokudaro akawira kubva Raskolnikov. Zvisinei, urongwa hwake haana kubudirira, asi haina kumira uye Rodion akaziva Sonia umhondi.

Mhosva nokuti mhosva Raskolnikov anotora zambiringa asi dzendege ndiye chokwadi kuti Rodion vakapara mhosva, saka kushanyira jaya uye anoedza zvakare kuti abvume kuzvipira.

Panguva ino Svidrigailov anoedza Woo Dunya simba, akatya musikana muchadya naye repfuti. Kana pfuti misfires, uye Dunya vabvume muridzi kuti haadi naye, Svidrigailov anosunungura musikana. Rizowedzerwa 15,000 Sonia Marmeladov uye Raskolnikov 3000 mhuri, muridzi akazviuraya.

Rodion akareurura kuti kuponda uye usurer ropiwa makore 8 'zvakaoma kuSiberia. Sonia akamutuma muutapwa. The Old upenyu aimbova mudzidzi yapera, asi ndinoonga kuti rudo musikana, izvozvo sokuti mutsva danho anotanga muupenyu hwake.

Mufananidzo Rodion Raskolnikov

Muna nganonyorwa "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" Rodion Raskolnikov characterization uye kunyatsoongorora nezviito zvake kunopiwa munyori chinoreva zvakawanda.

Murume wechidiki akanaka, akangwara zvakakwana, tinogona kutaura chinzvimbo. Asi upenyu mamiriro ezvinhu umo aizviwana, kana panzvimbo evanhu mamiriro ezvinhu haabvumiri iye kunyange kuziva matarenda avo, asi kunyange ndipedze zvidzidzo zvangu yunivhesiti, kuwana vakadzikama basa. Hanzvadzi yake kuda "kutengesa" ari asingachadiwi munhu (kuroora Luzhin kuti mugariro wake). mai Raskolnikov vake anogara nenhamo, uye musikana wangu vanomanikidzwa chipfambi. Uye Rodion haana kuona chero nzira kuvabatsira uye iwe, asi kuti munhu mazakwatira emari. Asi pakuziva pfungwa pakarepo vapfume zvinogoneka chete pachishandiswa pakumubira (iyi, kunobatanidza wokuurayira).

Maererano netsika, Raskolnikov haana kunaka kutora upenyu hwomumwe munhu, uye mibvunzo kuti rekare mukadzi, uye saka nguva shoma kurarama, kana kuti risina kodzero "zhidovat" pagomo vamwe vanhu - ichi hachisi chikonzero uye kwete chikonzero kuuraya. Asi Raskolnikov Zvisinei, uye zvinenge pamusoro nezvaaizoita, kusvikira ichangobva vaiona pachake mhaka akatsanangura zviito ake nokutaura kuti aifunga panguva chete sei kubatsira mhuri.

Sonia Marmeladov

Muna nganonyorwa "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" rondedzero Sony mufananidzo sezvo dzinopikisana sezvo Raskolnikov: muverengi ichakwanisa kuziva mavari hama midzimu.

Sonia - zvakanaka uye pfungwa chokuzvitsaurira, unogona kuonekwa kubva ayo maitiro kune vamwe vanhu. Iye zvikanzi "evhangeri," asi panguva imwe chete ari pfambi. Wainamata pfambi - kuti zvingava gangaidzo?

Zvisinei, fishery ichi chave Sonia haasi nokuti ane nehavi utere - ndiye chete nzira kudzidza rikwezve musikana kuwana chokurarama nacho, kwete pachavo chete, asiwo avo dzimwe mhuri: yake naamainini Katerina Ivanovna uye nhatu nehafu hama nehanzvadzi. Somugumisiro, Sonia - chete vakaenda kuSiberia pashure Rodion kumutsigira inonetsa kamwe.

Kwakadaro gangaidzo nzira - hwaro Dostoevsky kuti realism, nekuti munyika chaiyo, zvinhu zvingasava vanhu vatema kana chete chena, uyewo chete. Naizvozvo, wachenesa mweya musikana zvadai muupenyu kunogona kuita munhu tsvina basa rakadaro uye anokudzwa mweya jaya - angatsunga kuuraya.

Arkady Svidrigailov

Arkady Svidrigailov - mumwe hunhu vari yokufungidzira (ane makore 50 okuberekwa muridzi womunda), izvo muzvinhu zvakawanda chete akagadzirwa zvakafanana pakati Raskolnikov. Hapana tsaona, asi womuchato, uyo akasarudzwa nomunyori. Chii chiri chaizvo?

"Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" rizere hunyambiri mifananidzo, zvinokwanisika kuratidza kuti vanhu vakawanda vane unhu zvakafanana akanaka uye kunaka, anogona kufamba chete nzira muupenyu, asi mugumisiro hwavo nguva dzose sarudza pachako.

Arkady Svidrigailov - afirwa. Kunyange panguva mudzimai mhenyu vaitishurungurudza pabonde hanzvadzi Raskolnikov, akanga ari basa zvavanazvo. Apo mudzimai wake - Martha P. - akafa, muridzi akauya kubvunza ruoko Avdotia Raskolnikov.

Svidrigailov ane pamusoro zvavo pamafudzi zvivi zvizhinji; iye vaifungidzirwa umhondi, kubata chibharo uye utere. Asi ichi hakutadzisi munhu kuti ave oga munhu vaitarisira mhuri mukupera Marmeladov kwete chete mari, asi kunyange akawedzera mwana nherera pashure mai vavo rufu. Svidrigailov ufuza nzira azvitsvakire Dunya, asi panguva imwe chete zvinorwadza kusada musikana zvikuru uye iye akazviuraya, kusiya imwe hanzvadzi Raskolnikov anoyevedza huwandu nhaka. Kwamachinda uye utsinye munhu uyu ikashandiswa yavo oma mapatani, sapamazuva Raskolnikov.

PP Luzhin munyika itsva hurongwa mufananidzo

Petr Petrovich Luzhin ( "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa") - mumwe "kaviri" Raskolnikov. Raskolnikov kuti mhosva rinofananidza pachake Napoleon, uye saka Luzhin - a Napoleon nguva yake yakachena chimiro: anonyengera, achitarisira chete pamusoro pachavo, vachitsvaka kuti uwane chero zvodini. Pamwe ndosaka Raskolnikov anovenga rombo navo: pashure Rodion uye akafunga kuti nokuda vayo kubudirira, ane kodzero kuuraya munhu, ane dambudziko sokuti kudukupiswa.

Luzhin ( "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa") - akananga kwazvo, sezvo hunhu, caricatures uye kunyimwa kuzvipokanidza kuri mumashoko magamba Dostoevsky raMwari. Tinogona kufunga kuti munyori Petro nemaune akaita saizvozvo, saka akava muenzaniso wakajeka pakati Bourgeois madiro, iyo akaita utsinye chinosekesa yakadaro pamwe pachake Raskolnikov.

Kuzivisa nganonyorwa kunze

"Utsotsi uye Kurangwa", nyaya kwezvisikwa izvo zvakatora makore anopfuura matanhatu, rave kurumbidzwa uye mabhuku dzavatorwa. Muna 1866, zvitsauko zvakawanda zviri yokufungidzira rakashandurirwa mumutauro French uye yakabudiswa «Courrier russe».

MuGermany, basa rakabudiswa pasi unoti «Raskolnikov» uye muna 1895 akabudisa riparadzirwe yake yakanga 2 nguva kupfuura mamwe mabasa Dostoevsky.

Pakutanga yacho XX remakore. nganonyorwa "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" rakashandurirwa muchiPolish, Czech, vokuItaly, chiSerbia, Catalan, mitauro Lithuanian, etc.

kwadzakabva of yokufungidzira

Magamba enyika yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" saizvozvo mavara uye zvinofadza kuti chidzitiro shanduro yokufungidzira kupfuura kamwe vakatorwa vaviri muRussia uye kunze. The firimu rokutanga - "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" - akazviratidza Russia muna 1909 (aitungamirirwa Vasily Goncharov.). Izvi zvakateverwa firimu kwadzakabva muna 1911, 1913, 1915

Muna 1917 nyika akaona mufananidzo American mukuru Lawrence McGill, muna 1923 firimu "Raskolnikov" rakabudisa German Director Robert Wiene.

Pashure chakanga filmed inenge 14 adaptations munyika dzakasiyana. Works wokuRussia akava ichangoburwa Serial firimu "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" muna 2007 (DIR. Dmitry Svetozarov).

Romance dzakakurumbira mutsika

In mafirimu, Dostoevsky kuti yokufungidzira kazhinji glimpsed mumaoko magamba kushumira mhedziso yavo vari m / F "The Kunoshamisa Adventures pamusoro Wallace uye Gromit: kugerwa" ne razero "," t / C "Wolf," "Desperate Vadzimai vomumba ndivo", etc.

In kombiyuta mutambo «Sherlock Holmes: Mhosva & Kurangwa» mune rimwe Zvikamu zvebhuku pamwe zita Dostoevsky kuti yokufungidzira kunonyatsooneka kuonekwa kubva Sherlock Holmes ake, asi GTA IV «Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" mutambo - ndiro zita rimwe mishoni.

Raskolnikov House St. Petersburg

Pane kufungidzira kuti Dostoevskiy Fedor Mihaylovich akaita kwaigara gamba rake mumba kuti ariko zvechokwadi muSt Petersburg. Vaongorori akaita Zvakawanikwa izvi, sezvo Dostoevsky kuti yokufungidzira inotaura: imba Raskolnikov riri "S." Lane, pedyo "By ndipo 'zambuko. At Carpenter Lane-5 chinonzi imba kuti aigona zvakanaka ave kumumvuri kuti yokufungidzira. To musi, chivako ichi chimwe chezvinhu akashanyira nzvimbo makwapa St. Petersburg.