Ndyaringo, satire, zvinosetsa mumabhuku - nayo ... Parse mhando enyambo

Chokutanga, zvakakodzera kutsanangura enyambo. Ichi rinokosha wezvinyorwa anobvumira kuvhura, kuti vabvise kuzvipokanidza oupenyu, uye inoda kuseka. Humor mumabhuku, musiyano uyu ungacherechedza chete pamusoro pedu sandara, rangano unotii (kana gamba Somuenzaniso, inowira mamwe kusetsa ezvinhu) kana ari mamiriro (rwakakwana kuzviremekedza pachake tsika zvinopesana pfungwa).

Chokwadi, kuseka kuseka rukave. Satire uye zvinosetsa mumabhuku - akasiyana pfungwa mbiri. Kana tanga kunosanganisira mutsa kuseka panguva mabhii ari yokufungidzira kana nyaya pfupi, yokupedzisira anosarudza rokushora zvakasimba vatambi uye mabasa akaipa. Uye zvikuru kure kusetsa nyaya Shukshin mangwanani Chekhov - uyewo kubva netumabhuku Swift - zvokufananidzira pamwe phantasmagoric unjoinable plexus. mhando iyi kuseka haana kufara.

Humor mumabhuku - zviri ...

Miti iri kuonekwa seanokwanisa kuita zvinhu zvizhinji pamusoro enyambo. Asi zviri satire rakanaka, bezzloben, kunyange asina kuine imwe nekuomarara. chinangwa chacho chikuru - kubatsira chimiro kubvisa dzavo nounhu hwakaipa. Humor mumabhuku - ndiwo dzinotevedzana enyambo ezvinhu, kunyadzisa zvikanganiso. Zvisinei, gamba nekuti havana kurashikirwa kukwezva, izvo hazvibviri mu "Dead Mweya" uye "Nhoroondo Town". Literature inoratidza. Sancho Panza ndiye musimboti ane chimiro chakadaro. Ndiye kumbonaka coward, nguva dzose runotungamirirwa nenheyo dzake murimi mudiki kungwara, riri sei iye haabvumiri kuti akuvara.

A chinokosha zvinosetsa - kana kuseka nomutsa mumwe munhu, hauoni sezvo unotanga kuteerera nezvikanganiso zvavo, edza kuti avaruramise. Achishandisa shanduro iyi enyambo unokubvumira kuwana ari kupenga akachenjera, seasingakoshi - the kutobaya, uye anowana hunhu akatsauka wechokwadi. Pasina zvinosetsa haagoni kurarama chero dzose munhu, kunyange zvake zvakasuruvara kwemarudzi panzvimbo. Remarque kamwe akati, isu kuseka uye chinosekesa panguva dzose nokuti rusununguko uchifara. Uye nekuti pasina izvozvo, tiri vakarasika.

Works embodying zvinhu zvinosetsa, mune zvakawanda mabhuku Russian. Ndiyo nyaya Gogol, uye kuti zvakadini kutamba Ostrovsky, Chekhov. mabhuku Soviet akatipa Zoshchenko, Bulgakov, Shukshin nevamwe vazhinji. Uyezve, pane humour mune mabhuku evana (akakurumbira "The Adventures pamusoro Tom Sawyer").

ndyaringo

Ndyaringo chinosiyanisa rimwe nomufambi chairo apo, chaizvoizvo, asina kunaka zvinoreva zvinotaura chakavanzika shure kwayo kwokunze zvakanaka divi. In ichi shungu kuseka kare anowana ruvara. Enzanisa apa mienzaniso zvinosetsa mumabhuku uye kushandisa ndyaringo mune dzimwe nhetembo pakati Nekrasov. Somuenzaniso, mu "Kalistratov" enyambo kushanda anobva kushorwa anopikira mai kuti mwana wake vachararama upenyu hunofadza, uye chokwadi mwanakomana mumwe murimi mudiki wacho munzanga.

Kuti tinzwisise ndyaringo, nguva dzose unofanira tifunge. Somuenzaniso, muna Chichikov "Vakafa Mweya," mapurisa mukuru rinoti zvakanaka kuverenga murume. Zvinoita sokuti mashoko aya hapana kunoita kuti kupokana fallibility ake. Zvisinei, gare gare narrator anopfuurira: "Takava (ndiko kuti, mukuru wemapurisa) usiku hwose arasikirwa whist." Ndyaringo, uyewo humour mumabhuku - imwe convergence of zvirongwa zviviri, conventionally kunzi kupiwa uye unozvipiwa. Zvisinei, pane zvakaitika "Vakafa Mweya" ndiwo mwero yekuzvidzwa akasekwa chinhu pamusoro. Panguva iyoyowo weboka iri kuitwa dzidziso, havangagoni kutungamirirwa uchidzidzira.

satire

Kana zvinosetsa mumabhuku - ndiyo zvavaisiita kusekwa wacho, kuti satire nechinangwa chokuita evanhu upenyu kuti vanokodzera kutsoropodzwa. Kuzadzisa wokupedzisira, kazhinji kuburikidza okarikaturivaniya, chaizvoizvo, mufananidzo nenzira penga nzira. Kuti akariisa nenzira yokufananidzira, kuti satire nokundiruramisira nyika ino isina kukwana, ari kuita zvose kuvakazve nawo akanaka nepurogiramu yavo. Hazvina kutsvaka zvakaitika munhu lifelike hunhu, iye inorodza, exaggerates izvozvo, kunoita kuti penga.

Muenzaniso unoshamisa satire - "Tenzi Margarita" by Bulgakov. Special vakakodzera kusekwa "Griboyedov House", rakasara kubva mabhuku chinhu, uye zvose mikova mu chevanorwara "tsika" akarembera zviratidzo "hove-zhizha dzokugara chikamu."

Specificity satire anotsanangura sei vakawanda zviri mudzidziso imwe yokufungidzira fomu. Zviri yokufungidzira anogona kufukidza napo mabhora chaicho. In satire izvi nguva dzose yakakodzera. Chokwadi, kana satirist vanotanga afumure non-zvinokosha (kana kunyange hazvimo) zvavanokanganisa, ipapo ngozi yokuva vachiseka unganidza.

kunorwadza

With ekutsvinya Greek uye kushandurwa - ". Kutambudzwa" mhando iyi enyambo ndyaringo riri pedyo, asi hasha kunoratidzwa zvakawanda kundiraira pachena zvakanyatsojeka. Somuenzaniso, mu "Duma," mudetembi inoti achitsvinya kuti vaairarama vakapfuma mbereko "kwokukanganisa kwemadzibaba avo uye gare gare pfungwa dzavo." Kutsvinya zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa mapepa uye dzimwe Genres zvakafanana.

zvokufananidzira

Muzana remakore rechi15, Raphael navadzidzi vake panguva matongo Zvakafukunurwa akawana shamisa vanodhirowa, rwakazokura seshanduro zvokufananidzira (kubva pashoko "cavern"). specificity Its ndechokuti enyambo kushanda anobva tikafunga chaidzo uye tarenda, kunyange penga. Zvakakwana kuyeuka asipo mumhino Major Kovalev Gogol meya kana stuffed musoro muna Saltykov-Shchedrin kuti yokufungidzira.