Boris Pasternak - Biography, upenyu uye basa

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich, ane Biography ari munyaya ino ndeimwe mashoma vanatenzi veshoko, paakavapa zvikuru chakachiva mibayiro - Nobel Prize.

Biography Nyanduri

Boris Pasternak, ane pikicha anoratidzwa munyaya, akaberekwa muMoscow muna 1890. mhuri nyanduri aiva okusika uye akangwara. Amai - munhu Pianist, baba vake aiva munhu akakurumbira rokupenda uye academician. basa rake agamuchira mukuru rumbidzo, uye vamwe vakatourayiwa waakatenga yakakurumbira anorichengeta Tretyakov kuti miziyamu ake. Leonid Osipovich Pasternak aiva neushamwari naye Leo NdiTolstoy uye aiva mumwe wake kufarira mifananidzo.

Kuwedzera kune dangwe Boris, kwakabva mhuri yakazonzi vana vatatu - gotwe uye vanasikana vaviri.

udiki

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, vane nhetembo havasati kunyorwa, kubvira pakuberekwa yakanga zvinoshamisa rokusika mhepo. imba Vabereki vake 'aigara nomutsa akavhurika kuti vakakurumbira vaenzi. Kunze Lva Tolstogo, izvo akashanyirwa Vanyori Scriabin uye Rachmaninoff, vanodhirowa mifananidzo Levitan uye Ivanova, uye vazhinji nevamwe vanhu okusika. Chokwadi, misangano navo vasingagoni asi kukanganisa Pasternak. Kukonzera pamusoro pake wakange Scriabin, ane simba Boris-makore 13 kwenguva refu nguva zvakakomba mubasa mumhanzi uye akanga achironga kuva munyori.

Akadzidza Boris Pasternak (Biography Nyanduri rine chokwadi ichi) zvakakwana. Akapedza kudzidza rechishanu Moscow jimunasiyamu umo mapoka maviri pazasi vakadzidziswa Vladimir Mayakovsky. Panguva imwe chete, iye akadzidza murwiyo mano Moscow Conservatory. High chikoro iye kudzidza sowakajeka - with menduru yegoridhe uye mamakisi wakakwana zvidzidzo zvose.

zvakaoma kusarudza

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich, vane Biography zvichawedzerwa pashure haisati chokwadi zvakaoma kusarudza pashure chikoro, akamanikidzwa kutora rokutanga, kuchirwadza zvikuru kumusarudzira - kusiya munyori wacho basa. Iye pachake, ari Biography yake akazotsanangura kuti zvaakaita izvozvo nokuti havatakuri nenamo vakakwana. Mhando Nyanduri yemberi atova kuzvipira hombe uye waivako dzakaiswa. Kana atanga chinhu, ipapo vakwana. Saka nziyo rudo chaizvo, asi achiziva kuti aisagona kuwana basa iri zvinodiwa kuzvida hwakakwana, Pasternak, mumashoko ake, "akatorwa" kwake kubva pachake.

Muna 1908 akapinda Moscow University, kutanga panguva rorusununguko Mutemo, asi gore papera achinja chisarudzo uye kushandurirwa dhipatimendi kwouzivi. Senguva dzose, Pasternak Pazvinhu mudzidzi uye muna 1912 akaramba zvidzidzo ake paUniversity Margburga guta. Iye ataura zvakanaka muzivi basa Germany, asi pakarepo akasarudza akazvipira kwete uzivi, uye nhetembo.

The kutanga okusika nzira

Mune nhetembo, akatanga kunonoka, kumativi 1910. Boris Pasternak kwakaita nhetembo iyoyo, maererano Kuyeuka Sergeya Bobrova, mudetembi wacho nevamwe kushanda pamwe wokufananidzira yeChina, zvikuru jee chimiro, achiedza afadzewo kugutsikana hombe.

Kushanyira Venice nemhuri yake muna 1912 uye kukundikana nemusikana wake kunge Boris mwoyo. Izvi zvinoratidzwa mundima yake kuti nguva yokutanga.

Paakadzoka kuMoscow, iye anotanga kuita mumabhuku yeChina "Musaget" uye "Lyrics", kutaura nhetembo dzake. Mumakore aya, iye mwoyo nezvemaitiro akadaro nhetembo, futurism uye Chirevo, asi gare gare akasarudza kupinda chero mabhuku nokushamwaridzana, uye kuva yakazvimirira.

Makore 1913-1914 vaiva Pasternak inonakidza muupenyu okusika. Chokutanga, vashomanana nhetembo dzake dzakabudiswa, uye wokutanga wemabhuku yakabudiswa muna 1914, "Dhidhimo mumakore." Asi izvi zvose iye anowana apo chete kuedza panguva kunyora, sezvo ndisingambofariri kunaka mabasa avo. Mugore iroro akatanga kuziva Vladimir Mayakovsky. Pasternak sezvo nyanduri chikawira pasi nawo.

Kuzvarwa nyanduri

Pfungwa okugadzira zvinhu - chinhu zvikuru asingatsananguriki. Mumwe unoitisa nyore, sokunge varambe vachifara, mumwe nokungwarira hones mutsara mumwe, kuwana zvakakwana. Zvapedzisira vaiva Boris Pasternak. Poetry naye - hazvina chete chipo chikuru, asiwo basa rakaoma. Naizvozvo, chete yakabudiswa muna 1922 dzakaunganidzwa "Hanzvadzi yangu - Life", iye anonzi kutanga kwake mabhuku basa. detembo Boris Pasternak vake, vaisanganisira mairi akanyorwa muzhizha 1917.

zvibereko 1920

Kutanga muna 1920 kwakaratidzwa nezviitiko zvinokosha akawanda. Muna 1921, vabereki mudetembi vake vachienda Germany, uye muna 1922, Boris Pasternak, ane Biography rine zvakawanda zvinonakidza zvinhu, anowana Evgenii Vladimirovne Kukwezva. Kwapera gore, vane mwanakomana ZHenya.

okugadzira zvinhu Boris Pasternak kuti mumakore aya pundutso - muna 1923 pane dzakaunganidzwa "Themes uye Variations" uye vaviri akakurumbira nhetembo - ". gore Nine zana uye wechishanu" "refutenendi Schmidt" uye Vakava chiitiko chaiko kwegore uye akagamuchira yakakwirira kunyatsoongorora Maksima Gorkogo.

Mudetembi uye simba Soviet

Kutanga 1930s - nguva Pasternak kuzivikanwa simba. mabasa ake kunge ikazobudiswazve ose gore, mudetembi muna 1934, hurukuro kutaura panguva reCongress of Union of Writers rokutanga. Its chaizvoizvo akadana nyanduri munyika yakanaka. Asi simba haakanganwi kuti Nyanduri aiva noushingi adzivirire mhuri akasungwa ari poetess Anny Ahmatovoy, Mandelstam uye Gumilev kudzivirira. Izvi iye asingakanganwiri munhu. Not vakapukunyuka ichi zvakafanorongwa uye Boris Pasternak. Brief Biography Nyanduri rinoti kubudikidza 1936 repfumbamwe rokubata kwake anenge kubvisa kubva pamutemo mabhuku upenyu munyika, ndivo vakakonzera zvakaipa akanaka uye yokuzviparadzanisa upenyu.

shanduro Pasternak

Zvakangoitikawo kuti Pasternak anozivikanwa somunhu mushanduri, hapana isingasviki sezvo nyanduri. Inonzi mumwe yakanakisisa vatenzi rokushandura enhetembo. Ndiani, kana asiri iye nyanduri anoshamisa, aigona kuva nani pane kuona basa rimwe Musiki?

Nokuda akaipa pamaonero ezviremera mukupera 1930s, mudetembi asara pasina mari. mabasa ake havana reissued, mari husisipo, uye Pasternak rinoreva kutamiswa. Panyaya nyanduri wavo akanga rake pfungwa. Aidavira kuti shanduro - iroro akazvimirira noumhizha, chepakutanga. Uye pano akauya kushanda zvose ake meticulousness, vanoda kuti zvinhu zvose zvakakwana.

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, nhetembo uye shanduro izvo vakapinda yendarama pavane Russian uye vatorwa mabhuku, akatanga kudzidza shanduro muna 1918. Zvino akaita kunyanya basa vadetembi German. basa rayo guru rakatanga muna 1936. Akaenda koteji muna Peredelkino, uye ari kushanda nesimba pamusoro shanduro Shakespeare, Goethe, Byron, Rilke, Keats, Varley. Zvino basa rake riri chavanokoshesa iri ndima nemabasa yepakutanga.

Pasternak shanduro - ichi hachisi chete mukana zvokudya mhuri, asiwo nzira imwe mhando kuziva pachake somunhu mudetembi ari ezvinhu enyika kushungurudzwa uye kuramba kubudisa mabasa ake. Boris Pasternak tinomutenda zvikuru shanduro Shakespeare, izvo kare vaiona Classics.

Hondo uye pashure pehondo makore

Kukuvara kwakaitwa munyori wake muduku, haana kumubvumira kuti vanounganidzwa kuti kumberi muHondo Yenyika II. Asi garai kure iye vasingagoni. Ndapedza kunodzidziswa zvechiuto, akatumirwa pamberi wenhau. Paakadzokera kumba, muna Peredelkino kuti pave ichitanga nyika nhetembo.

Makore pashure pehondo - nguva basa rakaoma. Pasternak anotora chaizvo, nokuti ndizvo ake chete mari. Poetry mumakore pashure pehondo, akanyora zvishoma - vose nguva yake mubasa rokushandura uye basa iri yokufungidzira itsva.

On makore aya uye Nhoroondo mumwe titanic basa Nyanduri - ". Faust" shanduro Goethe raMwari

"Doctor Zhivago" - vanova zvisikwa uye basa nyanduri kufarira

Bhuku rino kwave mabasa anokosha uye anodiwa Nyanduri. Makore gumi akaenda kwaari Boris Pasternak. "Doctor Zhivago" - zvikurukuru autobiographical yokufungidzira.

Kutanga - 1945. Panguva ino, zvikabva munhukadzi mufananidzo yokufungidzira rakanga mudzimai emunyori Zinaida Neuhaus. Mushure chitarisiko muupenyu Pasternak Olga Ivinskaya, rwakazokura neMuse yake itsva, shanduro akaenda nokukurumidza.

nganonyorwa iyi - mwana chikuru uye kufarira Nyanduri, akasikwa nguva refu - makore 10. Izvi chaizvoizvo ane autobiography yacho munyori, chokwadi nokuda zviitiko munyika kubva pakutanga remakore uye anopera anotyisa hondo. Nokuti kuvimbika ichi "Doctor Zhivago" uye akanga categorically nekurambwa simba, uye Boris Pasternak, ane Biography zvitoro zviitiko iyi yakaoma, akanga pasi kushungurudzwa uku.

Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti zvakanga zvakaoma kuti Kazhinji mhosva, kunyanya kubva navo.

MuSoviet Union muna pakadhindwa bhuku rave akaramba nokuda gakava emunyori maonero October Revolution. Roman vakaonga chete kunze. Zvaibvira kuparidza Italy. Muna 1957, "Doctor Zhivago" Pasternak akasunungurwa uye akazova pakarepo manyawi. Ndicho zvibereko West akagamuchira Madhindindi wongororo.

1958 - imwe zuva zvinoshamisa. The awarding Nobel Prize - nyanduri uye mukurusa mufaro chemhando kuziva tarenda rake vomunyika dzakawanda, uye kurwadziwa chaiko nokuda atangezve nesimba rakawedzerwa kushungurudzwa. Rakanga akapa sechirango rokudzinga, pamusoro nyanduri akapindura kuti vafunge pachavo isina nyika, haagoni. All kuvava kwenguva Pasternak muchidimbu uye zvakasimba inorondedzerwa nhetembo "The Nobel Prize", zvakanyorwa muna 1959. Award aifanira kupa, uye nokuda ndima iyi, rakabudiswa kumwe, chete asina mhosva pasi inoti "Vandimukira." Rwakaponeswa chokwadi kuti bhuku akatora nzvimbo pasina mvumo kubva Pasternak.

Boris Pasternak - nhetembo pfupi Nyanduri

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro mangwanani mabasa nyanduri, zvakasimba wawanga simba okufananidzira. nekudetemberwa zvikuru kunzwisisa, vatorwa mifananidzo uye kuenzanisa anowanzoramba kuti iyi. Kuchinja zvinoshamisa Pasternak kuti manyorerwo mumakore ehondo. Verses wakatongofanana kuva kuverenga nyore nyore. Ndivo nokukurumidza uye nyore inochengetwa, uye zvakanaka chete kuverenga mutsara. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya nhetembo pfupi Nyanduri, akadai "Hop", "Wind", "March", "Hamlet". Pasternak kuti shasha iri chokuti kunyange duku nhetembo yake paakavapa guru rinoreva kwouzivi.

Boris Pasternak. Analysis detembo "July"

Detembo chokuita mukupera nguva Nyanduri. Zvakanyorwa 1956 apo Pasternak achizorora muzhizha panguva dacha muna Peredelkino. Kana mumakore okutanga akanyora yakashongedzwa nhetembo, Ndokuzofungisisa vachiwana evanhu wezwi uye kufarira dingindira Nyanduri - kunzwisisa chamazuva zvakasikwa uye vanhu.

"July" - wakajeka muenzaniso nhetembo evafundisi. Zita basa yayo dingindira ndiwo chete. Nderipi pfungwa aida kuratidza muverengi Boris Pasternak? July - ndeimwe akanaka mwedzi yezhizha, zvichikonzera kuyemurwa nomwoyo wose munyori. Uye ayo nenyama, freshness norunako achida kutsanangura.

Detembo ine zvikamu zviviri. Chikamu chokutanga vakwanise chakavanzika - ndiani muenzi kuparidzira mumba? Brownie, idzangaradzimu, idzangaradzimu anouya achimhanya, mitambo uye sneaks?

Chikamu chakavanzika chinoshamisa muenzi wechipiri akadura - ichi zvakaipa-July, mwedzi nemakore-chirimo. Nyanduri rinoita July muchishandisa kutevedzera: imba, vasingaratidziki slob, mugari vashanyi.

The peculiarity of detembo iri kushandiswa Munyori zvakajeka Mifananidzo: July "kunokanganisa tablecloth kure patafura," "anomhanya remhepo ubate".

upenyu Personal Nyanduri

Boris Pasternak, vane Biography haagoni kuva wakakwana pasina nyaya mhuri yake, akanga akaroora kaviri. Sezvo munhu rokusika munhu, kurarama nemanzwiro, akanga nechido munhu. Kukwana kunyura kusvika banal kubiridzira, asi vanogarawo kwechokwadi mukadzi anodiwa, akanga asingakwanisi.

Mukadzi nyanduri wokutanga akava mashiripiti Evgeniya Kukwezva, wechiduku yokudhirowa. Vakasangana muna 1921, uye kuti musangano mudetembi vaiona nayo kwokufananidzira. Panguva ino, Pasternak akapedza basa rake pamusoro nyaya "Uduku eyelets," iro zita heroine raiva Eugene, uye kana wakaona musikana nomufananidzo wake.

Eugene rava chaiyo miziyamu Nyanduri. Rakanatswa, kusimba, akatunhidzwa uye panguva iyoyo pfungwa uye akazvimirira, iye akaita kuti mufaro chinoshamisa. Mumakore okutanga muchato, pamwe Boris Pasternak yaiva yokutanga nguva inofadza. Chokutanga, rudo simba ndokudzora zvinetso zvose, asi zvishoma nezvishoma upenyu murombo 20-ies zvakaoma hwakawedzera kupindira mumhuri pfuma. Eugene akanga asiri mudzimai akakwana, iye aidawo kuziva pachangu sezvo emhizha, uye mhuri dzakawanda chokuita Pasternak vaifanira kutora pamusoro.

Muna 1926, pakati pake uye Marina Tsvetaeva anotanga matsamba refu, izvo rinongova kupenga mukadzi godo nyanduri. Hazvina kusimuka akaenda nevabereki vake muGermany Pasternak. Pakupedzisira, iye anosarudza kurega chido kuziva pachangu sezvo emhizha uye kutsaurira upenyu hwavo kuna kutarisirwa wake. Asi nyanduri akanga asangana mudzimai wake weramangwana, wechipiri - Zinaidoy Neygauz. Akanga atova makumi mana, iye - makore 32 okuberekwa, akaroorwa uye kurera vakomana vaviri.

Neuhaus akasiyana rakakwana Evgenii Kukwezva. Zvinonzi chakatsaurirwa zvachose mhuri yake, iye akanga mari chaizvo. Zvakanga zvisiri chete chakagadziridzwa kuti zvagara zvinowanika kuti mudzimai nyanduri wokutanga. Asi Pasternak pakutanga kuona kudanana nomukadzi uyu. Chokwadi kuti azowanikwa uye ane vana, hazvina kugumira. Zvino upenyu hwake, akanga chete achimuona.

Muna 1932, iye vakarambana uye akawana Eugenia Zinaida. Pashure kuparadzana nomudzimai wake wokutanga, aiva makore ose iwayo, kusvikira parufu rwake, zvakamubatsira nemwanakomana wake uye vachikurukura.

Pasternak nemudzimai wake wechipiri, zvakare, ndaifara. Caring, kuchengetedza, iye vakaedza kumupa nyaradzo uye norugare, uye aivawo nyanduri wacho neMuse. wanano yechipiri akaberekerwawo mwanakomana, Leonid.

mufaro Family yakatora, sezvo ari wokutanga, zvishoma kupfuura makore 10. Pasternak kuramba kuzopedza panguva dacha yake Peredelkino, uye zvakawanda vatorwa wake. Kamwe mumagazini "World New", akasangana mubheka sezvo mupepeti Olga Ivinskaya. Rakanga yokupedzisira neMuse Nyanduri.

Kakawanda vakaedza kusiya, kusiya mukadzi wake nekuti Pasternak aisada, zvaireva chaizvo kwaari, uye naizvozvo aigona kupa kudaro zvakaipa naye.

Muna 1949 Ivinskaya asungwe uye akatuma mumisasa kwemakore 5 makore noukama Boris Pasternak. Uye makore ose aya akatora amai nevana vake vachembera, kuvapa mari. nguva Free ino yakaoma haana akapfuura - muna 1952 mudetembi vakabvuma kuchipatara pamwe chomwoyo.

Tadzokera Olga akava ndibatsireiwo munyori Pasternak - payo inoitisa zvose vemabhizimisi dzayo, anokurukura pamusoro wayo nokuda pamwe wedzero mudonzvo, mubasa Pakudhindazve mabasa ake. Kusvikira pakuguma nyanduri upenyu, havana kuparadzaniswa.

mumakore achangodarika

Hapana mubvunzo kuti akanga hwaiitika kumativi nyanduri-baiting zvikuru akaremara utano hwake. Vakatambura chemwoyo muna 1952, akaita pachayo akanzwa.

Muchirimo, pakutanga April 1960, Pasternak akarwara kubva kurwara. Hapana vakafungidzira kuti aiva nekenza wakatobatsira metastasized kurega mudumbu. Mukutanga May, mudetembi anonzwisisa kuti hosha rakaipa, uye haana achapora. May 30 Boris Pasternak akafa. All nguva ino padivi pomubhedha wake aiva mudzimai wake, Zinaida, uyo unopukunyuka murume ane 6 years uye akafa zvimwe zvirwere. Mudetembi nemhuri yake vari akavigwa kumakuva muna Peredelkino.

Okugadzira zvinhu kunoshamisa Russian mudetembi, munyori uye mushanduri Boris Pasternak aenda pasi mumabhuku nyika. Its chinhu sezvo nyanduri - nzvimbo kuratidza manyorerwo uye zvinoshamisa mufananidzo wenhetembo.