Chesme Column - chiratidzo vakashinga Russian rengarava

Nokuti maviri nehafu emakore, Russia yakanga hondo pamwe hweOttoman Empire - pakutanga kuwana kweGungwa Dema, uye ipapo kuti kusimbisa nzvimbo yaro kuCaucasus. Panyaya iyi, iyo Empress Catherine II akaramba vakabudirira wokumwe mutemo, atanga naPetro Mukuru.

Munguva yake ushe yokuRussia umambo kwete chete usununguke kuwana Azov neGungwa Black, asiwo yakatora mashoko Crimean kweItari, kuva chaiyo mugungwa simba. In rukudzo okukunda Russian matarenda ezvivako uye vavezi vemabwe akasika asingakanganwiki sezvivako. Mumwe wavo - Chesme Column muSt Petersburg.

prehistory

In pakati pezana XVIII remakore, Turkey raramba zvachose zvakazadza Sea Black. Pasinei I kuedza kuitwa naPetro kusimbisa dzarwo, Russia panguva iyoyo haana kuva Gungwa Black kana Azov flotilla. Naizvozvo, Catherine II wehurumende yokumwe mutemo ichaongororwa kumaodzanyemba mirayiridzo pokutanga.

Zvisinei, Russia hakusi kutanga hondo. VokuTurkey uye sungano Crimean Tatars pakupera 1768 vavamba kuchamhembe Black Sea nharaunda. Kuisa Turkey raparadza neshure, uyewo rutsigiro kugadzirira kwebope vaKristu muBalkans, kwakasarudzwa kutuma zvikepe kuBaltic Fleet muGungwa reMediterranean.

Summer - autumn 1769 kubva Kronstadt vaiva maviri dzechikwata Russian vaitungamirirwa Admirals Grigoriem Spiridovym uye John Elphinstone. Total rwendo utungamiri chaiye kuna Count Alekseya Orlova.

Kushambira kumativi Europe nokuda vafambisi Russian raiva rakaoma. Zvikepe Wokutanga akapinda Gungwa reMediterranean muna November, uye muchirimo gore rinouya, vose kuBaltic dzechikwata pamwe chete uye vakatanga kugadzirira hondo, chii chinoratidza Chesme Column muna Tsarskoye tiiviste.

Kukunda kutobaya Porte

hondo huru yokutanga kwakaitika Kiyosi Strait June 24, 1770 The Turkish rengarava rinosvika kaviri ukuru Russian dzechikwata anewo yakanaka panzvimbo. Pasinei neizvi, pashure hondo rinorema vokuTurkey ichidzokera muna Chesma Bay, iyo yainzi anenge haripindiki.

The iroro, uto kanzuru asarudza kupedza kukundwa ari Turkish rengarava zvakananga Cesme. Zvikepe Russian akadzikatidza rakamanikana mbudo kubva apo pakapinda nyika, uye kurwa kwakatanga pedyo pakati pousiku, pashure vakaziva rimwe remasangano munhoroondo pangarava.

Pausiku ari Turkish rengarava rakaparadzwa zvachose musi June 26, iyo zvikwata zvikepe uye varwi vakatiza Cesme muSimina. Chinhu hapana mu Europe haasi kutarisirwa. Vachikudza yakunda Russian rengarava yakazobudiswa yakaiswa Chesme rostral mbiru muna Catherine Park Tsarskoye tiiviste.

vechikamu vese vari yakakurumbira kurwisana chirevo Empress paakavapa kuyeukwa Medals. In St. Petersburg, akavaka Chesma Palace uye Church, Gatchina akagadza obelisk, uye muna Tsarskoye tiiviste - mbiru.

antiikki kumumvuri pamusoro

Apo Russia akanga hondo pamwe hweOttoman Empire, muna Tsarskoye tiiviste, basa rakatanga pamusoro paki Kuparara. nhau kukunda pana Cesme paakasvika St. Petersburg, Catherine II akarayira mapurani A. Rinaldi kusika wechikamu yakadai rostral mbiru, akarwira muRoma mukukudza kukunda Mumiriri Gaius Duilio rengarava muCarthage.

Kwakasarudzwa kuumba shongwe pakati hombe mudziva racherwa Swedish vasungwa vehondo pamberi. Basa mberi kwemakore akawanda. Panguva ino, isu akachinja contours pachiwi mutsara dziva, kuti ndivape pepa rehurukuro kweGungwa reAegean.

Chesmenskaya mbiru achiumbwa pasi akagadzira mvumo munhu Catherine II. The Empress haana kururama; mi- uye panguva imwecheteyo, makagovana kugumisa yekare chimiro Shongwe akanakisisa wakanyatsokodzera kutaura yakunda Russian romugungwa, akafanosarudza zvinozoitika hondo.

tsananguro pfupi

Chesme Column - basa rokuItari mapurani Antonio Rinaldi, yakaitirwa Russian basa, uye muvezi Ioganna Shvartsa, uyo akasika shongwe pakati zvinhu endarira: gondo, uye Bhanabhasi-reliefs.

Pakubuda mvura girenayiti nechigadziko iri akaumbwa somunhu truncated Pyramid, ichocho mbiru - zvakasimba Ural machena. Achashongedza Monument endarira gondo, nechinangwa panguva Turkish kirisendi. Kudivi rimwe, izvozvo kunoratidza kuhwina Russia, uye pane dzimwe - Count Orlov, Orlov akagamuchira kodzero kunzi-Chesmensky.

On Rostra kuoneka mifananidzo siyana mabhii ari East: panguwani, horsetail, magoba, mapfumo, Turkish sabers, mireza. Bronze Bhanabhasi-reliefs kuna vatatu vakunde hondo muGungwa reAegean, uyo nokukudzwa uye Chesme mbiru paakagadzwa.

History uye Present

Muna 1996 izvozvo ndipo 300th gore Naval Fleet kweRussia. For matatu emakore akanga zvizhinji inowanikwa mbiri kukunda, kusanganisira hondo muGungwa reAegean hondo yeRussia-wokuTurkey. To musi uyu, kwakasarudzwa kudzorera yendarira Bhanabhasi-reliefs, aimbova yakashongedzwa Chesma mbiru.

Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, vamwe vavo vakanga yabviswa Great Pond, vaiva nemhaka itwa kwevaNazi kutakura machena shongwe. In 1994-1995. Kozenyuk muvezi V. anosikwa zvisipo okunze, uye nhasi Chesme mbiru anotarira zvakafanana mumazuva ari Empress Catherine II, uyo akarayira kusika ichi shongwe noumhare yeRussian rengarava.