Chii chakanaka? Chirango: tsanangudzo, mhando, zvinhu uye nzira yekubhadhara

Pakaitika kukanganisa kwezvisungo zvemvumo mumutemo weRussia, rudzi rwechipiri rwechirango runopiwa. Mhedziso yakadaro, seminamato, inoshanda semutevedzeri wekuteerera nemitemo yekutsvaga mutero wemitero , zvishandiso nezvimwe zvizhinji zvinosungirwa.

Ndeipi chirango, chii chinotarisirwa kuita

Chirango nenzira yehupfumi ndechiitiko chinowanzoitika muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Mutoro wokuwedzera chirango ichocho chinomuka panguva yekuputsa kwehukama hwepamutemo hunoiswa mukonesheni kana chiito chekuita. Kana kukanganisa kusina kubviswa, chirango chicharamba chichiwedzera. Kukura kwechirango zvakananga zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvaunosungirwa uye hunoverengwa sehuwandu.

Kunzwisisa mubvunzo wekuti chii chakanaka, vanhu vanowanzosangana neshoko rakadai se "chirango." Zvava kuda kufanana. Somuenzaniso, kana zvakanyorwa mubasa rekugadzirisa kuti chirango chezuva nezuva chichava 0.3% yemari yekubhadhara, ipapo izwi rakadaro rinoreva chirango chechirango.

Muitiro wepamutemo, maitiro maviri emitengo inoshandiswa: chibvumirano chechibvumirano uye chirango chemutemo. Muchiitiko chekutanga, chiyero chekudzoka chinogadziriswa nehukama hwehutano. Izvo zviyero zvezviyeuchidzo zvakadaro ndeye 0.5% pazuva. Rudzi rwechipiri rwechirango rinomiswa nemutemo uye rinotungamirirwa ne Civil Code yeRussian Federation. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa kwekusabhadhara kubhadhara, kuchepedza mubhadharo rekushandisa uye mune dzimwe nguva. Kana kusina mitemo pamusoro pekuverenga kwechido ichocho, chirango chacho chakaenzana nekugadziridza kwechirongwa munguva yekuputsa.

Mune zviitiko zvinotengesa mitero

Zvose mitero inobhadhara mitemo yakatarwa, iyo inofanira kunyatsoongororwa. Kana musi wekutsvaga wekutsvaga usina kukwana, vatongi vanotonga vanopa zvikwereti. Kusvikira mutero mukuru unobhadharwa, kufarira kucharamba kuchikura. Kuti udzimise, iwe unofanirwa kuita bhadharo yebhajiti nokukurumidza.

Vatongi vemitero vanobhadhara zvikwereti pamitero nekubatsirwa kwezvirongwa zvakasiyana. Pakupedzisira, basa iri rinopedza nguva rakaitwa nevanyori, uye pasinei nemafungiro chaiwo akange aripo, zvigumisiro zvakanga zvisingakanganwiki.

Kunewo dzimwe nhamba dzemhosva dzisina kutongwa kwemitero. Semuenzaniso, kana kero yemubhadhara iri rakadziviswa nechisarudzo chevakuru vakuru vemitero kana mari yakasungwa pamutemo wechitongwa.

Nzira dzekubhadhara uye chirango chinopindirana

Zvikanganiso uye zvigaro ndezvokuzvipira zvakasununguka uye hazvirevi pane mumwe nomumwe. Pane musiyano mukuru pakati pezviyekedzo izvi. Iyo yakanaka inoburitswa kune yakasimba kana pane kukanganisa, uye chirango chinotarirwa kubva pazuva rokutanga rekurumidzirwa kubhadhara. Zvikwereti zvakagadziriswa, chirango chinotarirwa maererano nechimwe chimiro, zvichifungisisa ikozvino refinancing rate.

Nokuda kwekunonoka kwekubhadhara mari, zvikwereti zvinopomerwa

Kuzononoka kwekubhadhara mabhizimusi ehurumende kunoramba iri dambudziko rakaoma kumakambani ekutungamirira. Kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti chikwereti chekwereti hachive chakatsoropodza, vatengesi vemashonga emagetsi uye mabasa emhuri vane kodzero yekubhadhara chirango chemashandiro.

Kuwanda kwemitemo inopiwa kunotarisana nenhamba yemazuva ekunonoka. Pasi pemitemo mitsva, kubva panaJanuary 1, 2016, chirango chinotanga kuwedzera kubva mumazuva makumi matatu. Mumwedzi mitatu (mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe), kusarirwa kusingaoneki kuchaverengerwa kubva pakuverengwa kwe1/300 yekunatsiridza, uye kubva mumazuva 91 iyo inofanirwa kuwedzerwa kusvika ku 1/130 yesero.

Dzimwe nguva muimba inofanirwa kuenda kune imwe nguva, munyaya iyi unogona kudzivisa kutengesa chirango kana ukanyorera kambani yekufambisa mberi. Kurambidza kwakadaro kunogona kupiwa kumunhu kwemwedzi mitanhatu.

Kubhadhara kunonoka pane OSAGO - kutengesa chirango

Chibvumirano che inshuwarisi OSAGO chinotanga kuiswa kweimwe mimwe mitemo yemapoka, nokuda kwekusazadzika kwezvipi zvimhosva zvinopiwa. Kana zviitiko zvechigaro chekuchengetedzwa, kuongorora kwekugadziriswa kwemunhu wacho hakufaniri kutora mazuva anopfuura makumi maviri. Pakupera kweyi nguva, kambani ye inshuwarisi inofanira kubhadhara anenge akakumbira purogiramu yehushuga kana kuti akanganisa kururamiswa.

Kana mari yacho isingabhadharwi panguva, iko kambani inofanira kubhadhara chirango. Inishuwarenzi inowanikwa 1% yemari yekwereti inowanikwa zuva rega rega. Kana kambani ye inshuwarisi yakabhadhara chikwereti kumutengi, ipapo chirango chinotengesa pane chikamu chemari yacho. Kana zvichiitika kunonoka kwekufunga mukugadzirisa kwechikumbiro, chirango che 0.05% pazuva chinotarirwa. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chiyero chekugadzirisa hachikwanise kuva chakakwirira kudarika mahombeksi ekubhadhara.

Chii chinonzi refinancing rate ye?

Inofarira iyo Central Bank inowedzera kubhengi yebhizimisi inonzi refinancing rate. Iyi izwi rezvemupfumi rine zvakakosha zvakakosha uye inobatanidzwa mukuverengwa kwezvikwereti.

Kuverengwa kwezvikwereti kunobva pachirevo che 1 \ 300 chiyero chezuva rega rekunonoka. Mune mamwe mazwi, chikwereti chechikwereti chinowanikwa ne1 \ 300 uye nenhamba yemazuva asingafi. Uyezve, chikwata chekufarira chinobatanidzwa mumutemo webasa uye rinotarisa kubhadharwa kwemahombekeri kune vashandi.

Kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kunogona kuchinja kushanda kwayo kwegore nguva dzakawanda, saka zvakakosha kugara uchicherechedza kuchinja kwakadaro kuitira kuti iwe uone zvakaenzana kubhadhara chikwereti.

Nzira yekuverenga chirango

Sezvazvakazoitika, chii chakanaka, hazvisi zvakaoma kunzwisisa, zvakaoma zvikuru kunzwisisa kuti kukosha uku kuri kuverengwa sei.

Chiyero chezvikwereti chinogara chichitsanangurwa se peresenti yemutengo mukuru wechikwereti. Mutemo wezvematongerwo enyika unosimbisa kuti zvikwereti zvinowanikwa muhuwandu hwemakiromita makumi mana ematanhatu ekugadziriswa kwemari yakagadzwa neCentral Bank of Russia.

Kuti uverenge chirango nenzira yakakodzera, unoda kuwedzera chikwereti chechikwereti nehuwandu hwemazuva ekunonoka uye kubhadharwa kwechidimbu muchikamu chiduku che 1/300 muzana.

Kubhadhara kwebhangi kunogona kuchinja kanoverengeka pagore, saka mubvunzo unomuka pamusoro pekukosha kwekushandisa mumutambo. Maererano nemutemo, chirango chichafanirwa kuverengerwa nenguva dzakasiyana, zvichifungidzira kuitika kwemazana ekuchinja. Uye hazvina basa kana chiyero chawedzera kana kuti chikaderera.

Kubhadhara kwezvikwereti

Nharaunda inowanikwa inogona kuendeswa panguva imwechete pamwe nekubhadhara chikwereti chikuru kana kuti paine kushayikwa kwemari pachayo pashure pokubhadhara chikwereti. Chirango chekubhadhara hachikwanisi kunyorwa nebhangi pasina kubvumirwa, uye hazvikwanisi kubhadharwa neimba yekambani. Zvakakosha zvikuru, kana uchibhadhara chirango, kutevera nzira yekubhadharwa kwematokisi makuru. Kana zvikwereti zvisiri kubhadharwa, ipapo kutengeswa kwezvikwereti zvichange zvisina maturo, sezvo kukura kwavo kuchaenderera mberi. Pakutanga, mutero mukuru unogara uchidzimwa.

Mutero wemutero weRussia unogadza mutemo wekukanganisa unoshanda pamakwereti anokwira. Munhu anenge aita mhosva yacho haakwanisi kutongwa pamakore matatu, ayo anotorwa kubva panguva yekuita kudarika kana zuva rokutanga mushure mekuguma kwemutero. Nokudaro, vazhinji vagari venyika uye masangano epamutemo, vaziva kuti chirango ndechei uye inguva ipi yekuzadzikisa kwechisungo chekuripa, hachimbidzi kudzorera chikwereti. Uku kukanganisa kukuru kwemurairo uye kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakakomba.